Risultati della ricerca - the purpose of a system is what it does

The curriculum : theory and practice / di Kelly, A. V. (Albert Victor)

Sommario: “...160 (3) Developed approaches to curriculum evaluation 163 (7) The politicization of curriculum evaluation 170 (4) Evaluation and pupil assessment 172 (1) Evaluation as curriculum control 173 (1) Teacher appraisal and accountability 174 (6) Models of accountability 175 (3) Current policies and practices 178 (2) Implications for educational research 180 (5) Limitations on research 181 (1) The `school effectiveness movement' 182 (3) Summary 185 (2) The Politicization of the School Curriculum 187 (26) Direct and indirect political influences 188 (2) Competing ideologies 190 (1) The early historical context 190 (1) The `Golden Age' 191 (1) Contradictory developments 192 (4) The challenge to teacher autonomy 193 (1) The initial ambivalence of officialdom 194 (2) The shift to direct intervention and control 196 (17) The end of the `Golden Age' 196 (2) Major landmarks in the move towards central control 198 (11) Events since 1988 209 (4) What the Average Politician Understands about Education 213 (1) The Flaws Endemic to Central Planning by Politicians 214 (27) Falling standards 215 (3) The category error of adopting a commercial planning model 218 (10) Competition rather than co-operation 219 (3) An increased emphasis on management 222 (1) Privatization 223 (2) Planning by targets 225 (3) Knee-jerk, short-term planning 228 (6) Equality and sameness 229 (1) The assimilation of knowledge 230 (1) Underachievment and self-image 231 (1) Testing and measurement 231 (1) Faith schools 232 (1) Professional collaboration 232 (2) The effects of centralized control on the development of curriculum theory and practice 234 (2) The refusal to learn from developments in curriculum theory 234 (1) The de-intellectualization of the curriculum debate 235 (1) The premises of direct intervention and control 236 (5) That the purpose of the schooling system is only to support the economy 236 (1) That the education system is deficient 237 (1) That teachers should be merely operators 237 (1) That educational planning is a scientific activity 238 (1) Conclusions 239 (2) A Democratic and Educational Curriculum 241 (35) The pressures for a national curriculum 242 (2) Before the National Curriculum 243 (1) The case for a common core to the curriculum 244 (3) The argument from the nature of knowledge 244 (1) The argument from the principle of equality 245 (2) Some problems and difficulties 247 (2) The nature of knowledge and values 247 (1) The politics of knowledge 248 (1) A `balanced' curriculum 249 (3) A metaphor 249 (1) Planning the curriculum as a totality 250 (1) Balancing other factors 250 (1) Balance as an individual matter 251 (1) Common processes and principles 252 (3) Learning through subjects 252 (1) The need for guidelines and broad procedural principles 252 (1) Areas of experience 253 (1) Curriculum as process and education as development 254 (1) The political case for the National Curriculum 255 (4) The lack of a theoretical frame 255 (1) The underlying instrumentalism 256 (1) Its intrinsic elitism 257 (2) The National Curriculum and curriculum research and development 259 (5) Developmental psychology 259 (1) A developmentally appropriate curriculum 259 (1) Curriculum dissemination 260 (1) Assessment and evaluation 261 (1) Two underlying messages 262 (2) Implications for curriculum theory and research 264 (3) The importance of the freedom to experiment 264 (1) Maintaining the understandings and insights 265 (1) The loss of opportunities for empirical research 266 (1) Democratic imperatives 267 (3) Democracy as a moral system 267 (1) Anti-democratic ideologies 268 (1) Loss of freedom 269 (1) The key features of a democratic and educational national curriculum 270 (6) A curriculum for equality 270 (1) The role of the professional educator 271 (1) Key features 272 (1) Fundamental principles 273 (3) A chronology of curriculum development and change 276 (4) Bibliography 280 (17) Government reports and other official publications referred to in the text 297 (3) Author index 300 (5) Subject index 305...”

Fundamentals of patent law : interpretation and scope of protection / di Fisher, Matthew

Sommario: “...; Conclusion; 5Patents within the Market Economy(Part III)Post-Classical Economic Thought & Theories of Protection; Some Basics of Economic Analysis; Patents as Monopolies-What's in a Word?; The Economic Argument for the Patent System; Post-classical Models and Justifications; The Patent-induced Theory; The Prospect Theory; The Race-to-Invent Theory; The Rent Dissipation Theory; Recent Alternatives; Closing Comments; Part IIComparative Factors; 6AmericaPromoting the Useful Arts; Preface; Introduction; Early History; Graver Tank. ...”

Exploring public relations di Tench, Ralph

Sommario: “...103 (2) Organisational respobibilities tostakeholders 105 (1) Organisational responsibilities to society 105 (2) Corporate responsibility and irresponsbility 107 (2) Regulatory frameworks 109 (1) Ethics and busines practice 109 (5) Summary 114 (1) Bibliography 115 (1) Websites 116 (1) International context of business relations 117 (30) Gyorgy Szondi Introduction 118 (1) Defining international public relations 119 (2) Factors and driving froces behind ingternationalisation 121 (6) International public relations agency networks 127 (1) Global or local approaches to international public relations 127 (7) Speical areas of internaltional public relations 134 (7) Public relations for a supranational organisation: the European Union 141 (2) Critcal voices in international public relations 143 (1) Professionalism on a global level: Public relations as a global profession 143 (2) Summary 145 (1) Bibliography 145 (2) Part 2 Public relations theories and concepts 147 (146) Public relations theories: an overview 149 (25) Lee Edwards Introduction 150 (1) Systems theories: emergence of public relations research 150 (6) Extending the systemic view 156 (2) Developing theory: alternative approaches 158 (3) Feminist views of public relations 161 (3) Diversity in public relations 164 (5) Summary 169 (1) Bibliography 169 (5) Public relations as planned communication 174 (24) Anne Gregory Introduction 175 (1) Why planning is important 175 (1) Systems context of planning 176 (1) Approaches to the planning process 177 (2) Analysis 179 (4) Setting objectives 183 (2) Identifying publics 185 (1) Messages or content 186 (2) Strategy and tactics 188 (2) Timescales and resouces 190 (3) Evaluation and review 193 (4) Summary 197 (1) Bibliography 197 (1) Public relations research and evalualtion 198 (24) Gyorgy Szondi Rudiger Theilmann Introduction 199 (1) Context of research in public relations 199 (2) Designing research 201 (3) Qualitative vs quantitative research 204 (1) Research methods 204 (4) Designing research instruments 208 (4) Research applications 212 (1) Evaluation 213 (6) Summary 219 (2) Bibliography 221 (1) Audiences, stakeholders, publics 222 (15) Gerard Choo Introduction 223 (1) The passive audience 223 (2) The active audience 225 (3) Stakeholders and publics 228 (3) New thinking on publics 231 (4) Summary 235 (1) Bibliography 235 (2) Corporate image, reputation andidenity 237 (15) Daniel Lowensberg Introudction 238 (1) Organisational public relations 238 (1) Organisational image 239 (1) Organisational reputation 240 (1) Organisational identity 240 (3) Personality and culture 243 (4) Organisational identity, strategy and process: two models 247 (4) Summary 251 (1) Bibliography 251 (1) Public relations, progaganda and the psychology of persuasion 252 (21) Johanna Fawkes Introduction 253 (1) Public relations and propaganda 253 (3) Public relations and persuasion 256 (1) Who says: the questionof credibility 257 (1) Says what: the nature of the message 258 (4) To whom: the audience perspective 262 (6) To what effecf: forming and changing attitudes and beliefs 268 (2) Ethical persuasion: is it possible? ...”

Tensions within the internal market : the functioning of the internal market and the development of horizontal and flanking policies / di Vries, Sybe Alexander de

Sommario: “...331 (4) The four freedoms 332 (1) The four freedoms and the competition rules 333 (1) Horizontal and flanking policies 334 (1) The tension between horizontal and flanking policies and the internal market 335 (8) The perspective of the Member State 336 (2) The perspective of the Community 338 (5) Closer Harmony Introduction 343 (1) The example of books 344 (5) Supporting books as cultural product at national level 344 (3) Supporting books as cultural product at Community level 347 (1) What does this example tell us? 348 (1) Closer harmony: the perspective of the Member State 349 (20) The national legislature 350 (1) Realising the importance of the proportionality principle 350 (1) Introduction 350 (1) The horizontal and flanking policy interest at stake 351 (2) Choosing the least restrictive alternative 353 (2) Respecting the Community loyalty principle 355 (1) The exchange of information at national level 355 (3) The exchange of information at European level 358 (1) The national competition authorities 359 (1) Respecting the Community loyalty principle 360 (1) The exchange of information at national level 360 (1) The exchange of information at European level: `ECN' 361 (2) Applying the principle of proportionality 363 (1) The national courts 364 (1) Respecting the Community loyalty principle 364 (1) The exchange of information at national level 365 (1) The exchange of information at European level 365 (2) Applying the principle of proportionality 367 (2) Closer harmony: the perspective of the Community 369 (22) The European Court of Justice: actively contributing to the process of convergence 370 (1) The artificial and undesirable dichotomy between the Treaty exceptions and the rule of reason should be removed 370 (2) Taking account of the (inherently substantive) differences between horizontal and flanking policies 372 (2) The European Commission; giving effect to the integration principle: taking integration seriously 374 (1) In general 375 (1) The Commission's state aid policy -- Article 87(3) EC 375 (3) The Commission's policy in respect of services of general (economic) interests -- Articles 86(2) and 16 EC 378 (1) Introduction 379 (1) The horizontal approach to Article 86(2) EC: a proposal for a Framework Directive for services of general (economic) interest including horizontal and flanking policy interests 379 (3) The vertical approach to Article 86(2) EC: guidelines for each horizontal and flanking policy field 382 (1) The Commission's policy in respect of cartels -- extending the guidelines on the application of Article 81(3) EC 383 (3) The Community legislature: harmonisation of horizontal and flanking policies 386 (1) In general 386 (1) The broad use of Article 95 EC to pursue horizontal and flanking policies 386 (1) A strong duty to motivate legislation 387 (1) Taking the principle of proportionality into account 388 (1) Total versus minimum harmonisation: pre-empting Member States to adopt additional, more stringent standards? ...”