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Fundamentals of human resource management : emerging experiences from Africa / by Itika, Josephat Stephen

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Fundamentals of human resource management : emerging experiences from Africa / by Itika, Josephat Stephen

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Managing change : a strategic approach to organisational dynamics by Bernard Burnes

Table of Contents: “…Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 (10) Part One The rise and fall of the rational organisation From trial and error to the science of management 11 (42) The rise of organisation theory 11 (42) Learning objectives 11 (1) Introduction 12 (2) The rise of commerce and the birth of the factory 14 (19) Organisation theory: the Classical approach 33 (14) Conclusions 47 (4) Test your learning 51 (1) Suggested further reading 52 (1) Developments in organisation theory 53 (30) From certainty to contingency 53 (30) Learning objectives 53 (1) Introduction 54 (1) The Human Relations approach 55 (15) The Contingency Theory approach 70 (10) Conclusions 80 (2) Test your learning 82 (1) Suggested further reading 82 (1) In search of new paradigms 83 (58) Learning objectives 83 (1) Introduction 84 (4) The Culture--Excellence approach 88 (27) The Japanese approach to management 115 (11) Organisational learning 126 (9) Conclusions 135 (4) Test your learning 139 (1) Suggested further reading 140 (1) Critical perspectives on organisation theory 141 (25) Postmodernism, realism and complexity 141 (25) Learning objectives 141 (1) Introduction 142 (2) The postmodern perspective 144 (10) The realist perspective 154 (3) The complexity perspective 157 (6) Conclusions 163 (1) Test your learning 164 (1) Suggested further reading 165 (1) Culture, power, politics and choice 166 (37) Learning objectives 166 (1) Introduction 167 (2) The cultural perspective 169 (14) The power--politics perspective 183 (10) Managing and changing organisations: bringing back choice 193 (4) Conclusions 197 (2) Test your learning 199 (1) Suggested further reading 199 (4) Part Two Strategy development and change management: past, present and future Approaches to strategy 203 (29) Managerial choice and constraints 203 (29) Learning objectives 203 (2) Introduction 205 (2) Understanding strategy: origins, definitions and approaches 207 (13) Understanding strategy: choices and constraints 220 (8) Conclusions 228 (2) Test your learning 230 (1) Suggested further reading 231 (1) Applying strategy 232 (27) Models, levels and tools 232 (27) Learning objectives 232 (1) Introduction 233 (1) Types of strategies 234 (4) Levels of strategy 238 (8) Strategic planning tools 246 (10) Conclusions 256 (1) Test your learning 257 (1) Suggested further reading 258 (1) Approaches to change management 259 (28) Learning objectives 259 (1) Introduction 260 (1) Theoretical foundations 261 (6) The Planned approach to organisational change 267 (14) The frequency and magnitude of organisational change 281 (3) Conclusions 284 (1) Test your learning 285 (1) Suggested further reading 286 (1) Developments in change management 287 (31) The Emergent approach and beyond 287 (31) Learning objectives 287 (1) Introduction 288 (1) The case against the Planned approach to organisational change 289 (2) The Emergent approach to change 291 (21) Emergent change: summary and criticisms 312 (4) Conclusions 316 (1) Test your learning 317 (1) Suggested further reading 317 (1) A framework for change 318 (17) Approaches and choices 318 (17) Learning objectives 318 (2) Introduction 320 (1) Varieties of change 321 (4) A framework for change 325 (3) A framework for choice 328 (1) Conclusions 329 (3) Test your learning 332 (1) Suggested further reading 332 (3) Part Three Case studies in strategy development and change management Case studies in strategic change 335 (30) Learning objectives 335 (1) Introduction 335 (2) Case Study 1: The Internet and the P2P Revolution in the music industry 337 (6) Case Study 2: The rise and fall of Marconi 343 (4) Case Study 3: Oticon - the disorganised organisation 347 (8) Case Study 4: Privatisation and the European Union: the case of the Public Power Corporation of Greece 355 (7) Conclusions 362 (2) Test your learning 364 (1) Case studies in changing internal relationships and attitudes 365 (33) Learning objectives 365 (1) Introduction 365 (3) Case Study 5: Volvo's approach to Job Design 368 (9) Case Study 6: XYZ Construction 377 (6) Case Study 7: GK Printers Limited - changing systems and attitudes 383 (13) Conclusions 396 (1) Test your learning 397 (1) Case studies in changing external relationships 398 (29) Learning objectives 398 (1) Introduction 398 (3) Case Study 8: Rover-TRW - operational integration 401 (6) Case Study 9: Speedy Stationers Ltd and UTL (Turbines) Ltd - supplier-driven change 407 (7) Case Study 10: PoliceCo - outsourcing in the public sector 414 (6) Conclusions 420 (3) Test your learning 423 (4) Part Four Managing choice Managing change 427 (25) Lessons from theory and practice 427 (25) Learning objectives 427 (1) Introduction 427 (2) Lessons from theory and practice 429 (15) Employee involvement and organisational transformation 444 (3) Conclusions: merging theory and practice 447 (3) Test your learning 450 (2) Organisational change and managerial choice 452 (34) Learning objectives 452 (1) Introduction 452 (3) The Choice Management-Change Management model 455 (29) Conclusions 484 (1) Test your learning 485 (1) Management - roles and responsibilities 486 (51) Learning objectives 486 (1) Introduction 487 (2) Globalisation and the challenge of change 489 (9) The manager's role 498 (5) Management and leadership 503 (11) Management and leadership in action 514 (5) Managerial development 519 (8) Management, leadership and change 527 (3) Summary and conclusions 530 (4) Test your learning 534 (1) Suggested further reading 535 (2) Bibliography 537 (58) Glossary 595 (12) Index 607…”

A preface to marketing management / by Peter, J. Paul

Table of Contents: “…4 (9) Strategic Planning and Marketing Management 4 (1) The Strategic Planning Process 5 (8) The Complete Strategic Plan 13 (1) The Marketing Management Process 13 (5) Situation Analysis 14 (2) Marketing Planning 16 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 18 (1) Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research 18 (1) The Strategic Plan, the Marketing Plan, and Other Functional Area Plans 18 (2) Marketing's Role in Cross-Functional Strategic Planning 18 (2) Conclusion 20 (3) Appendix Portfolio Models 23 (4) PART B MARKETING INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKET 27 (50) Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making 28 (12) The Role of Marketing Research 28 (1) The Marketing Research Process 29 (9) Purpose of the Research 29 (1) Plan of the Research 30 (5) Performance of the Research 35 (1) Processing of Research Data 35 (1) Preparation of the Research Report 36 (1) Limitations of the Research Process 36 (2) Marketing Information Systems 38 (1) Conclusion 39 (1) Consumer Behavior 40 (13) Social Influences on Consumer Decision Making 41 (2) Culture and Subculture 41 (1) Social Class 42 (1) Reference Groups and Families 43 (1) Marketing Influences on Consumer Decision Making 43 (2) Product Influences 43 (1) Price Influences 43 (1) Promotion Influences 44 (1) Place Influences 44 (1) Situational Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Psychological Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Product Knowledge 45 (1) Product Involvement 46 (1) Consumer Decision Making 46 (6) Need Recognition 47 (1) Alternative Search 48 (1) Alternative Evaluation 49 (1) Purchase Decision 49 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 50 (2) Conclusion 52 (1) Business, Government, and Institutional Buying 53 (11) Categories of Organizational Buyers 53 (1) Producers 53 (1) Intermediaries 54 (1) Government Agencies 54 (1) Other Institutions 54 (1) The Organizational Buying Process 54 (1) Purchase-Type Influences on Organizational Buying 55 (1) Straight Rebuy 55 (1) Modified Rebuy 55 (1) New Task Purchase 55 (1) Structural Influences on Organizational Buying 56 (2) Purchasing Roles 56 (1) Organization-Specific Factors 57 (1) Purchasing Policies and Procedures 57 (1) Behavioral Influences on Organizational Buying 58 (2) Personal Motivations 58 (1) Role Perceptions 58 (2) Stages in the Organizational Buying Process 60 (3) Organizational Need 61 (1) Vendor Analysis 61 (1) Purchase Activities 61 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 61 (2) Conclusion 63 (1) Market Segmentation 64 (13) Delineate the Firm's Current Situation 64 (1) Determine Consumer Needs and Wants 65 (1) Divide Markets on Relevant Dimensions 65 (8) A Priori versus Post Hoc Segmentation 66 (1) Relevance of Segmentation Dimensions 66 (1) Bases for Segmentation 67 (6) Develop Product Positioning 73 (1) Decide Segmentation Strategy 74 (1) Design Marketing Mix Strategy 75 (1) Conclusion 76 (1) PART C THE MARKETING MIX 77 (90) Product and Brand Strategy 78 (16) Basic Issues in Product Management 78 (9) Product Definition 78 (1) Product Classification 79 (1) Product Quality and Value 80 (1) Product Mix and Product Line 81 (1) Branding and Brand Equity 82 (4) Packaging 86 (1) Product Life Cycle 87 (2) Product Adoption and Diffusion 89 (1) The Product Audit 90 (2) Deletions 90 (1) Product Improvement 90 (2) Organizing for Product Management 92 (1) Conclusion 93 (1) New Product Planning and Development 94 (13) New Product Strategy 95 (2) New Product Planning and Development Process 97 (5) Idea Generation 97 (2) Idea Screening 99 (1) Project Planning 99 (1) Product Development 100 (1) Test Marketing 100 (1) Commercialization 101 (1) The Importance of Time 101 (1) Some Important New Product Decisions 102 (3) Quality Level 102 (2) Product Features 104 (1) Product Design 104 (1) Product Safety 104 (1) Causes of New Product Failure 105 (1) Need for Research 105 (1) Conclusion 106 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications: Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, and Direct Marketing 107 (19) Strategic Goals of Marketing Communication 107 (1) Create Awareness 107 (1) Build Positive Images 108 (1) Identify Prospects 108 (1) Build Channel Relationships 108 (1) Retain Customers 108 (1) The Promotion Mix 108 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications 109 (2) Advertising: Planning and Strategy 111 (1) Objectives of Advertising 111 (1) Advertising Decisions 112 (7) The Expenditure Question 113 (2) The Allocation Question 115 (4) Sales Promotion 119 (4) Push versus Pull Marketing 119 (2) Trade Sales Promotions 121 (1) Consumer Promotions 121 (1) What Sales Promotion Can and Can't Do 121 (2) Public Relations 123 (1) Direct Marketing 123 (1) Conclusion 124 (1) Appendix: Major Federal Agencies Involved in Control of Advertising 125 (1) Personal Selling, Relationship Building, and Sales Management 126 (15) Importance of Personal Selling 126 (1) The Sales Process 127 (7) Objectives of the Sales Force 127 (1) The Sales Relationship-Building Process 128 (5) People Who Support the Sales Force 133 (1) Managing the Sales and Relationship-Building Process 134 (6) The Sales Management Task 135 (1) Controlling the Sales Force 136 (3) Motivating and Compensating Performance 139 (1) Conclusion 140 (1) Distribution Strategy 141 (16) The Need for Marketing Intermediaries 141 (1) Classification of Marketing Intermediaries and Functions 141 (2) Channels of Distribution 143 (1) Selecting Channels of Distribution 144 (3) Specific Considerations 144 (3) Managing a Channel of Distribution 147 (3) Relationship Marketing in Channels 147 (1) Vertical Marketing Systems 147 (3) Wholesaling 150 (1) Store and Nonstore Retailing 151 (4) Store Retailing 151 (1) Nonstore Retailing 152 (3) Conclusion 155 (2) Pricing Strategy 157 (10) Demand Influences on Pricing Decisions 157 (2) Demographic Factors 157 (1) Psychological Factors 157 (1) Price Elasticity 158 (1) Supply Influences on Pricing Decisions 159 (3) Pricing Objectives 159 (1) Cost Considerations in Pricing 159 (2) Product Considerations in Pricing 161 (1) Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions 162 (1) Competition 162 (1) Government Regulations 162 (1) A General Pricing Model 163 (3) Set Pricing Objectives 163 (1) Evaluate Product-Price Relationships 163 (1) Estimate Costs and Other Price Limitations 164 (1) Analyze Profit Potential 165 (1) Set Initial Price Structure 165 (1) Change Price as Needed 166 (1) Conclusion 166 (1) PART D MARKETING IN SPECIAL FIELDS 167 (32) The Marketing of Services 168 (15) Important Characteristics of Services 170 (4) Intangibility 170 (1) Inseparability 171 (1) Perishability and Fluctuating Demand 172 (1) Client Relationship 172 (1) Customer Effort 173 (1) Uniformity 174 (1) Providing Quality Services 174 (2) Customer Satisfaction Measurement 175 (1) The Importance of Internal Marketing 175 (1) Overcoming the Obstacles in Service Marketing 176 (2) Limited View of Marketing 177 (1) Limited Competition 177 (1) Noncreative Management 177 (1) No Obsolescence 178 (1) The Service Challenge 178 (4) Banking 179 (1) Health Care 179 (1) Insurance 180 (1) Travel 180 (1) Implications for Service Marketers 181 (1) Conclusion 182 (1) Global Marketing 183 (16) The Competitive Advantage of Nations 184 (1) Organizing for Global Marketing 185 (5) Problems with Entering Foreign Markets 185 (2) Organizing the Multinational Company 187 (3) Programming for Global Marketing 190 (5) Global Marketing Research 190 (2) Global Product Strategy 192 (1) Global Distribution Strategy 193 (1) Global Pricing Strategy 194 (1) Global Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy 194 (1) Entry and Growth Strategies for Global Marketing 195 (2) Conclusion 197 (2) SECTION II ANALYZING MARKETING PROBLEMS AND CASES 199 (14) A Case Analysis Framework 200 (7) Analyze and Record the Current Situation 201 (4) Analyze and Record Problems and Their Core Elements 205 (1) Formulate, Evaluate, and Record Alternative Courses of Action 206 (1) Select and Record the Chosen Alternative and Implementation Details 206 (1) Pitfalls to Avoid in Case Analysis 207 (1) Communicating Case Analyses 208 (4) The Written Report 209 (2) The Oral Presentation 211 (1) Conclusion 212 (1) SECTION III FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING DECISIONS 213 (10) Financial Analysis 214 (8) Break-Even Analysis 214 (2) Net Present Value Analysis 216 (2) Ratio Analysis 218 (4) Conclusion 222 (1) SECTION IV DEVELOPING MARKETING PLANS 223 (12) A Marketing Plan Framework 224 (9) Title Page 225 (1) Executive Summary 225 (1) Table of Contents 226 (1) Introduction 226 (1) Situational Analysis 226 (1) Marketing Planning 226 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 228 (2) Summary 230 (1) Appendix---Financial Analysis 230 (3) References 233 (1) Conclusion 233 (2) Chapter Notes 235 (7) Index 242…”

Applied economics

Table of Contents: “…154 (9) The impact of multinationals on the UK economy 163 (9) Conclusion 172 (1) Key points 173 (1) References and further reading 174 (1) 8 Privatization and deregulation 175 (22) Synopsis 175 (1) Nature and importance 176 (1) Reasons for nationalization 176 (3) Privatization 179 (11) Regulation and deregulation 190 (3) Conclusion 193 (1) Key points 194 (1) Note 195 (1) References and further reading 195 (2) 9 Pricing in practice 197 (20) Synopsis 197 (1) Pricing in theory 198 (2) Pricing in practice 200 (12) Conclusion 212 (1) Key points 212 (1) Note 213 (1) References and further reading 213 (4) PART II: Environmental, regional and social economics 10 Economics of the environment 217 (30) Synopsis 217 (1) Role of the environment 218 (2) Sustainable growth 220 (2) Sustainable economic welfare 222 (2) Global environmental changes 224 (2) Cost-benefit analysis and the environment 226 (3) Market-based and non-market-based incentives 229 (4) Applications of environmental policies 233 (5) Transport and the environment 238 (4) Implementation of policy types 242 (1) Conclusion 243 (1) Key points 243 (1) References and further reading 244 (3) 11 Regional and urban policy 247 (30) Synopsis 247 (1) The regions and their characteristics 248 (1) The regional problem 248 (5) Regional policy in the UK 253 (1) The policy instruments 254 (4) The effectiveness of regional policy 258 (4) The urban problem 262 (3) Urban policy in the UK 265 (5) The effectiveness of urban policy 270 (2) The Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) 272 (2) Conclusion 274 (1) Key points 274 (1) References and further reading 275 (2) 12 Transport 277 (30) Synopsis 277 (1) Characteristics of transport 278 (2) The demand for transport 280 (3) Road transport congestion 283 (11) Government transport policy 294 (9) Conclusion 303 (1) Key points 304 (1) References and further reading 304 (3) 13 Social policy 307 (28) Synopsis 307 (1) The Welfare State 308 (3) Quasi-markets in welfare provision 311 (2) Health care 313 (11) Education and training 324 (4) Housing 328 (4) Conclusion 332 (1) Key points 333 (1) Note 333 (1) References and further reading 333 (2) 14 Distribution of income and wealth 335 (22) Synopsis 335 (1) Distribution and justice 336 (1) Issues in distribution 336 (1) Income distribution between people 337 (5) Income distribution between factors of production 342 (2) The earnings distribution 344 (5) Distribution of wealth 349 (2) Poverty 351 (3) Conclusion 354 (1) Key points 354 (1) References and further reading 355 (2) 15 Trade unions, wages and collective bargaining 357 (34) Synopsis 357 (1) Types of trade union 358 (3) Trade unions and change 361 (4) The employers 365 (3) The government 368 (5) The structure of collective bargaining 373 (3) Wage determination and collective bargaining 376 (6) The effects of collective bargaining 382 (2) Conclusion 384 (1) Key points 385 (1) Notes 386 (1) References and further reading 386 (5) PART III: Macroeconomics 16 Consumption and saving 391 (22) Synopsis 391 (1) Consumption 392 (1) The Keynesian consumption function 392 (5) Post-Keynesian theories of the consumption function 397 (6) The savings ratio 403 (6) Conclusion 409 (1) Key points 410 (1) Notes 410 (1) References and further reading 411 (2) 17 Investment 413 (18) Synopsis 413 (1) Nature of investment 414 (1) Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation 415 (10) The importance of investment 425 (3) Conclusion 428 (1) Key points 428 (1) References and further reading 429 (2) 18 Public expenditure 431 (20) Synopsis 431 (1) Trends in UK public spending 432 (1) Total managed expenditure (TME) 433 (1) Components of UK public spending 434 (3) The size of public expenditure 437 (1) Explanations of the growth in public expenditure 438 (2) International comparisons of public expenditure 440 (1) Should public expenditure be restricted? …”

The curriculum : theory and practice / by Kelly, A. V. (Albert Victor)

Table of Contents: “…160 (3) Developed approaches to curriculum evaluation 163 (7) The politicization of curriculum evaluation 170 (4) Evaluation and pupil assessment 172 (1) Evaluation as curriculum control 173 (1) Teacher appraisal and accountability 174 (6) Models of accountability 175 (3) Current policies and practices 178 (2) Implications for educational research 180 (5) Limitations on research 181 (1) The `school effectiveness movement' 182 (3) Summary 185 (2) The Politicization of the School Curriculum 187 (26) Direct and indirect political influences 188 (2) Competing ideologies 190 (1) The early historical context 190 (1) The `Golden Age' 191 (1) Contradictory developments 192 (4) The challenge to teacher autonomy 193 (1) The initial ambivalence of officialdom 194 (2) The shift to direct intervention and control 196 (17) The end of the `Golden Age' 196 (2) Major landmarks in the move towards central control 198 (11) Events since 1988 209 (4) What the Average Politician Understands about Education 213 (1) The Flaws Endemic to Central Planning by Politicians 214 (27) Falling standards 215 (3) The category error of adopting a commercial planning model 218 (10) Competition rather than co-operation 219 (3) An increased emphasis on management 222 (1) Privatization 223 (2) Planning by targets 225 (3) Knee-jerk, short-term planning 228 (6) Equality and sameness 229 (1) The assimilation of knowledge 230 (1) Underachievment and self-image 231 (1) Testing and measurement 231 (1) Faith schools 232 (1) Professional collaboration 232 (2) The effects of centralized control on the development of curriculum theory and practice 234 (2) The refusal to learn from developments in curriculum theory 234 (1) The de-intellectualization of the curriculum debate 235 (1) The premises of direct intervention and control 236 (5) That the purpose of the schooling system is only to support the economy 236 (1) That the education system is deficient 237 (1) That teachers should be merely operators 237 (1) That educational planning is a scientific activity 238 (1) Conclusions 239 (2) A Democratic and Educational Curriculum 241 (35) The pressures for a national curriculum 242 (2) Before the National Curriculum 243 (1) The case for a common core to the curriculum 244 (3) The argument from the nature of knowledge 244 (1) The argument from the principle of equality 245 (2) Some problems and difficulties 247 (2) The nature of knowledge and values 247 (1) The politics of knowledge 248 (1) A `balanced' curriculum 249 (3) A metaphor 249 (1) Planning the curriculum as a totality 250 (1) Balancing other factors 250 (1) Balance as an individual matter 251 (1) Common processes and principles 252 (3) Learning through subjects 252 (1) The need for guidelines and broad procedural principles 252 (1) Areas of experience 253 (1) Curriculum as process and education as development 254 (1) The political case for the National Curriculum 255 (4) The lack of a theoretical frame 255 (1) The underlying instrumentalism 256 (1) Its intrinsic elitism 257 (2) The National Curriculum and curriculum research and development 259 (5) Developmental psychology 259 (1) A developmentally appropriate curriculum 259 (1) Curriculum dissemination 260 (1) Assessment and evaluation 261 (1) Two underlying messages 262 (2) Implications for curriculum theory and research 264 (3) The importance of the freedom to experiment 264 (1) Maintaining the understandings and insights 265 (1) The loss of opportunities for empirical research 266 (1) Democratic imperatives 267 (3) Democracy as a moral system 267 (1) Anti-democratic ideologies 268 (1) Loss of freedom 269 (1) The key features of a democratic and educational national curriculum 270 (6) A curriculum for equality 270 (1) The role of the professional educator 271 (1) Key features 272 (1) Fundamental principles 273 (3) A chronology of curriculum development and change 276 (4) Bibliography 280 (17) Government reports and other official publications referred to in the text 297 (3) Author index 300 (5) Subject index 305…”