Результаты поиска - formalism (part)

History and development of education in Tanzania / по Mushi, Philemon Andrew K.

Оглавление: “...Part 1. Introduction: Historical Developments of Education Economic and Social Context of Education Provision Part 2. ...”

Software engineering : a programming approach / по Bell, Douglas

Оглавление: “...17 (1) Summary 18 (3) Exercises 19 (1) Answers to self test questions 20 (1) Further reading 20 (1) Process models 21 (24) Introduction 21 (1) The components of software development 22 (2) Validation and verification 24 (1) The waterfall model 25 (3) Prototyping 28 (8) Formal methods -- the transform model 36 (1) The spiral model 37 (3) Discussion 40 (1) Summary 41 (4) Exercises 41 (1) Answers to self test questions 42 (1) Further reading 42 (3) Part B Requirements engineering Requirements analysis 45 (10) Introduction 45 (1) The notion of a requirement 46 (1) The process of eliciting requirements 47 (2) The requirements specification 49 (3) Summary 52 (3) Exercises 53 (1) Further reading 54 (1) Formal specification 55 (16) Introduction 55 (2) Formal specification in Z: an example 57 (7) The role of formal specification 64 (1) Summary 65 (6) Exercises 66 (1) Answers to self test questions 67 (1) Further reading 67 (4) Part C Design Structured programming 71 (14) Introduction 71 (1) Arguments against goto 72 (4) Arguments in favor of goto 76 (1) Selecting control structures 77 (2) What is structured programming? ...”

Sale of goods по Atiyah, P. S.

Оглавление: “...Preface to the Eleventh Edition xi Table of Statutes xiii Table of Cases xxiii Part I NATURE AND FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT OF SALE Sources of the Law of Sale of Goods 3 (4) The Sale of Goods Act 1979 3 (4) Definition and Nature of the Contract of Sale 7 (29) Definition 7 (1) Sale distinguished from other contracts 7 (22) Number of parties 29 (1) The price 30 (4) Conveyancing effect of the contract 34 (2) Formation of the Contract 36 (14) Offer and acceptance 36 (1) Auction sales 36 (3) Mistake in the offer or acceptance 39 (9) Doorstep selling 48 (2) Formalities 50 (3) Repeal of formal requirements 50 (1) Bills of sale 51 (2) Distance Selling including E-Commerce 53 (24) Introduction 53 (2) Consumer sales 55 (8) Commercial distance transactions (and consumer transactions where cross-border litigation is viable) 63 (9) Intellectual property 72 (2) Payment of the price and security 74 (1) At whose risk are goods dispatched by the seller to the buyer? ...”

Business ethics : ethical decision making and cases / по FERRELL, O. C.

Оглавление: “...Chapter ObjectivesChapter Outline; An Ethical Dilemma; Stakeholders Define Ethical Issues in Business; Social Responsibility and Business Ethics; Issues in Social Responsibility; Social Responsibility and the Importance of a Stakeholder Orientation; Corporate Governance Provides Formalized Responsibility to Stakeholders; Implementing a Stakeholder Perspective; Contributions of a Stakeholder Perspective; Summary; Important Terms for Review; Resolving Ethical Business Challenges; Check Your EQ; Part 2: Ethical Issues and the Institutionalization of Business Ethics....”

Constitutional and administrative law по Bradley, A. W

Оглавление: “...Preface xiii Table of Legislation xv Table of Cases xxxiii Abbreviations lxxiii PART I -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Definition and scope of constitutional law 3 (9) Sources and nature of the constitution 12 (23) The formal sources of constitutional law 12 (8) Other rules and principles, including constitutional conventions 20 (11) Constitutional government in Britain 31 (4) The structure of the United Kingdom 35 (16) The historic structure 35 (7) Devolution of government 42 (9) Parliamentary supremacy 51 (30) The growth of the legislative authority of Parliament 51 (3) Meaning of legislative supremacy 54 (7) The continuing nature of parliamentary supremacy 61 (13) The Treaty of Union between England and Scotland 74 (3) Conclusions 77 (4) The relationship between legislature, executive and judiciary 81 (12) The rule of law 93 (14) Historical development 95 (4) The rule of law and its implications today 99 (8) Responsible and accountable government 107 (16) The United Kingdom and the European Union 123 (30) European Community institutions 125 (7) European Community law 132 (7) European Community law and British constitutional law 139 (4) Response of the courts 143 (6) Conclusion 149 (4) PART II -- THE INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT Composition and meeting of Parliament 153 (39) The electoral system 153 (4) Distribution of constituencies 157 (4) Political parties 161 (4) The conduct of elections 165 (4) Supervision of elections 169 (3) Electoral systems and electoral reform 172 (4) Membership of the House of Commons 176 (4) The House of Lords 180 (3) Reforming the membership of the House of Lords 183 (4) Meeting of Parliament 187 (5) Functions of Parliament 192 (31) Legislation 193 (9) Conflict between the two Houses 202 (6) Financial procedure 208 (7) Scrutiny of administration 215 (6) Constitutional watchdog 221 (2) Privileges of Parliament 223 (19) House of Commons 223 (11) Financial interests of members 234 (6) House of Lords 240 (2) The Crown and the royal prerogative 242 (27) The monarchy 243 (4) Personal prerogatives of the monarch 247 (5) The Queen in Council 252 (3) The royal prerogative 255 (8) The royal prerogative and the courts 263 (6) The Cabinet, government departments and the civil service 269 (31) The Prime Minister 270 (3) The Cabinet 273 (5) Ministers and departments 278 (5) Civil service: organisation and accountability 283 (6) Civil service: ethics and standards 289 (5) Open government and freedom of information 294 (6) Public bodies and regulatory agencies 300 (23) Origins and purpose 301 (3) Classification, status and composition of public bodies 304 (4) Public utilities: the general framework 308 (4) The accountability of public utilities and public utility regulators 312 (6) Advisory bodies 318 (5) Foreign affairs and the Commonwealth 323 (20) The foreign affairs prerogative, international law and the courts 323 (7) Treaties 330 (4) The United Kingdom and the Commonwealth 334 (9) The armed forces 343 (16) The constitutional structure 343 (4) Military law and human rights 347 (6) The armed forces and the ordinary law 353 (6) The Treasury, public expenditure and the economy 359 (22) The Treasury 359 (2) The Bank of England 361 (3) Public finance 364 (6) Public expenditure control and accountability 370 (6) Management of the economy 376 (5) The courts and the machinery of justice 381 (38) The courts 381 (4) The judiciary and judicial appointments 385 (3) Independence of the judiciary 388 (7) Contempt of court and safeguards for the administration of justice 395 (9) The executive and the machinery of justice 404 (6) Prosecution of offenders and miscarriages of justice 410 (9) PART III -- THE CITIZEN AND THE STATE The nature and protection of human rights 419 (23) The British approach 420 (5) European Convention on Human Rights 425 (7) The Human Rights Act 1998 432 (9) Conclusion 441 (1) Citizenship, immigration and extradition 442 (32) Citizenship 442 (8) Immigration and deportation 450 (16) Extradition 466 (8) The police and personal liberty 474 (39) Organisation of the police 474 (4) Personal liberty and police powers 478 (9) Police powers of detention and questioning of suspects 487 (6) Police powers of entry, search and seizure 493 (7) Remedies for abuse of police powers 500 (8) Accountability and control of the police 508 (5) The protection of privacy 513 (28) The case for protection 513 (1) Privacy and the ECHR 514 (3) Surveillance: acquiring information 517 (4) Interception of communications 521 (5) Storing and processing information 526 (6) Privacy and the press 532 (5) Privacy and the Human Rights Act 537 (4) Freedom of expression 541 (31) The nature of legal protection 541 (3) Censorship and prior restraints 544 (3) Regulation of television and radio 547 (4) Offences against the state and public order 551 (4) Obscene publications 555 (6) Defamation 561 (8) Breach of confidence 569 (3) Freedom of association and assembly 572 (27) Freedom of association 573 (1) The right of public meeting 574 (2) Public processions and assemblies 576 (3) Freedom of assembly and private property rights 579 (5) Public order offences 584 (8) Preventive powers of the police and courts 592 (4) Freedom of assembly and the Human Rights Act 1998 596 (3) State security and official secrets 599 (27) Emergency powers and terrorism 626 (31) Use of troops in assisting the police 626 (2) Use of troops in Northern Ireland 628 (4) Martial law 632 (3) Emergency powers in war and peace 635 (4) Emergency powers and terrorism 639 (7) The Terrorism Act 2000 and Northern Ireland 646 (3) International terrorism: additional powers 649 (4) Conclusion: terrorism and human rights 653 (4) PART IV -- ADMINISTRATIVE LAW The nature and development of administrative law 657 (17) Delegated legislation 674 (19) Historical development 674 (2) Justification of delegated legislation 676 (1) Exceptional types of delegated legislation 677 (3) Nomenclature 680 (1) Consultation of interests 681 (1) Control by Parliament 682 (5) Publication of statutory instruments 687 (1) Challenge in the courts 687 (3) Administrative rule-making 690 (3) Administrative justice 693 (32) Tribunals 695 (10) Public inquiries 705 (5) The Inquiries Act 2005 710 (5) The Parliamentary Ombudsman 715 (10) Judicial control of administrative action -- I 725 (34) Judicial review on substantive grounds 727 (15) Review on procedural grounds 742 (11) Legitimate expectations 753 (6) Judicial control of administrative action -- II 759 (25) Liability of public authorities and the Crown 784 (32) Liability of public authorities and the Crown in tort 785 (15) Contractual liability 800 (6) The Crown in litigation: privileges and immunities 806 (10) Bibliography 816 (11) Index 827...”

Public relations : principles and practices / по Sachdeva, Iqbal S.

Оглавление: “...Preface v PART I: FUNDAMENTALS AND EMERGENCE Public Relations Fundamentals 3 (16) The Inter-dependent World 3 (1) Definitions of Public Relations 4 (1) Public Relations Practice 5 (4) Strengths of a Public Relations Professional 9 (3) Duties and Responsibilities of a Public Relations Manager 12 (7) Emergence of Public Relations 19 (15) Ancient Times 19 (2) 20th Century 21 (1) Famous Personalities 21 (3) The First World War 24 (1) Corporate Interest in Public Relations 24 (1) Early Public Relations Managers and Agencies 25 (1) The Second World War 26 (1) Modern Times 26 (1) Public Relations---Changing Role 27 (7) Public Relations in India 34 (25) Public Relations---a Historical Perspective 34 (4) Pre-independence Era 38 (3) Post Independence Era 41 (1) Emergence of Professionalism 41 (2) Opening of Indian Economy 43 (1) Liberalization and Corporate Interest 43 (1) Towards Professional Recognition 43 (2) Media Scene 45 (3) Crisis Management Needs 48 (1) PR Agencies---Growth and Challenges 48 (2) Public Relations Education in India 50 (1) Towards Professional Maturity 51 (3) Case Study: Ratan's Revolution 54 (5) PART II: PROCESS AND PRACTICE PR Plan Phase I: Scan The Environment 59 (28) Public Relations---Increasing Recognition 59 (1) Public Relations Window 60 (2) Scan the Environment 62 (1) Target Publics 63 (1) Expectations of Publics 64 (4) Socio-economic Situation 68 (5) Political Environment 73 (1) Right to Information 73 (1) Society, Religions, and Culture 74 (2) Changing Psychographics 76 (1) Situational Analysis---Formal and Informal Research 77 (10) PR Plan Phase II: Develop A Communication Plan 87 (21) Communication---a Vital Link 87 (2) Create a Communication Plan 89 (8) Communication Media Strategies 97 (3) Communication Message Strategies 100 (1) Message Transmission Strategies 101 (4) Budgeting and Approvals 105 (3) PR Plan Phase III: Implementation of Communication Plan 108 (14) Implementation of PR Plan---a Tough Task 108 (1) Resistance to Change 109 (2) Message Management 111 (1) Mass Communication 112 (4) Follow the Activity Calendar 116 (1) Constant Monitoring and Mid Course Corrections 117 (5) PR Plan Phase IV: Evaluation of Impact 122 (17) Organization's Concern---Impact of PR Plan 122 (1) Evaluation Research Process 123 (1) Communication Effect Research 124 (3) Public Relations Audit 127 (4) Interpreting the Impact 131 (8) PART III: SKILLS Communication and Public Relations 139 (20) Communication and Public Relations 139 (1) The Communication Process 140 (2) Barriers in Communication 142 (2) Effective Communication Characteristics 144 (15) Negotiating Skills and Public Relations 159 (18) Negotiations and Public Relations 159 (1) Negotiations and Conflict 160 (1) Negotiation Process 161 (11) Case Study: Microsoft--Yahoo Marriage 172 (5) PART IV: APPLICATIONS Marketing PR and Integrated Marketing Communications 177 (25) Public Relations Support to Marketing 177 (8) Integrated Marketing Communications 185 (13) IMC in a Concert 198 (4) Customer Relations 202 (24) India---Customers Galore 202 (1) The Middle Class Mindset 203 (1) The New Shopping Patterns 204 (1) Total Customer Satisfaction 205 (1) Public Relations and Customer Satisfaction 206 (1) The Consumer Movement 207 (3) Who is a Customer? ...”

Structured techniques : the basis for CASE / по Martin, James

Оглавление: “...652 (2) Building Blocks of Information Engineering 654 (7) Computerization of Information Engineering 661 (1) Essential Need for User Participation 661 (2) A House on the Sand 663 (1) Two Images 663 (4) PART VI VERIFICATION AND TESTING 667 (64) 45 Software Verification, Validation, and Testing 667 (8) The Case of the $18.5-Million Hyphen 667 (1) The Case of the Infinite Loop 667 (1) Demonstrating Software Correctness 667 (4) Verification and Validation Techniques 671 (4) 46 Testing 675 (14) The Testing Process 675 (1) Testing Heuristics 675 (3) Four-Phase Testing Procedure 678 (1) Unit Testing 679 (2) Integration Testing 681 (3) System Testing 684 (1) Acceptance Testing 685 (1) Test Data 685 (4) 47 Debugging 689 (12) The Case of the Missing Period 689 (1) The Difficulty of Debugging 689 (1) Debugging Methods 690 (1) Program Debugging Tools 691 (2) Locating Program Errors 693 (6) Predicting Error-Proneness 699 (2) 48 Automated Test Tools 701 (16) Test Tools 701 (1) General Research's RXVP 701 (5) Software Renovation Technology's RE-LEARN 706 (8) Software Environments 714 (1) Bell Labs' UNIX 715 (2) 49 An Evaluation of Verification Techniques 717 (14) Introduction 717 (1) Limitations of Testing 717 (1) Problems with Test Tools 718 (1) Lack of Theory 718 (1) Testing Fourth-Generation-Language Programs 719 (4) Improvement Through Formality 723 (1) Formal Proof-of-Correctness Techniques 724 (7) PART VII TOWARD AN ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE 731 (32) 50 Where Do Structured Techniques Go from Here? ...”

Professional responsibility in a nutshell / по Aronson, Robert H.

Оглавление: “...J. 183 (4) Solicitation 187 (6) Solicitation Involving Political Issues 188 (1) Solicitation for Financial Gain 189 (1) In-Person Solicitation 189 (2) ``Targeted'' Mail and Newspaper Advertisements 191 (2) Unresolved Issues 193 (2) PART III. THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP Confidentiality 195 (27) Introduction 195 (2) The General Rule of Confidential Communications 197 (4) The CPR: Confidences and Secrets 198 (1) The RPC: Information Relating to Representation 199 (1) Corporate Communications 200 (1) Procedural Aspects 201 (1) Exceptions to Confidentiality 202 (20) Consent 202 (1) Identity, Occupation, and Address of Client; Fact of Retainer 203 (3) Nonlegal Advice or Nonprofessional Capacity 206 (1) Necessary to Establish or Collect Fee 207 (1) Necessary to Defend Self or Employees 207 (2) Disclosures to, or Obtained From, Third Persons 209 (1) Jointly Retained Attorney 210 (1) Criminal Evidence 211 (3) Future Crime 214 (1) Future Crime and the CPR 215 (1) The RPC and Recent Developments 215 (2) Fraud 217 (1) The CPR and ``Rectifiable Fraud'' 217 (1) The RPC 218 (1) Client Fraud Before a Court---Perjury 219 (3) Conflict of Interest 222 (32) Policies Underlying Conflict of Interest Rules 223 (1) Loyalty 223 (1) Confidentiality 224 (1) General Rules: Potential Versus Actual Conflicts 224 (4) Determining Whether Representation Is Likely to Be ``Materially Limited'' or ``Directly Adverse'' 224 (2) The ``Appearance of Impropriety'' Standard 226 (2) Recurring Conflict of Interest Situations 228 (24) Conflicts Resulting From Lawyer's Personal Interest 228 (5) Conflicts Resulting From Representation of Adverse Interests of Current Clients 233 (1) Insurer-Insured 233 (2) Buyer-Seller; Borrower-Lender; Husband-Wife; Etc. 235 (1) Representing Multiple Plaintiffs 236 (1) Representing Multiple Criminal Defendants 237 (2) Conflicts Resulting From Representation of Interests Adverse to a Former Client 239 (2) Attorneys Employed by the Government 241 (1) General Considerations 241 (1) Alternative Approaches 242 (1) ABA Formal Opinion 342 (1975) 242 (1) RPC 1.11 243 (2) Representing Corporations, Labor Unions, Tenant Associations, and Other Entities 245 (2) Corporate Wrongdoing 247 (1) Imputed Disqualification 248 (1) The CPR 248 (2) The RPC 250 (1) ``Screening'' 251 (1) Conclusion 252 (2) Fiduciary Responsibilities: Commingling and Misappropriation 254 (8) Introduction 254 (1) Record-Keeping and Accounting 255 (1) Commingling 255 (3) IOLTA Funds 257 (1) Misappropriation 258 (1) Clients' Security Funds 259 (1) Preventive Measures 260 (1) Conclusion 261 (1) Attorneys' Fees 262 (31) Introduction 262 (1) Types of Legal Fee Arrangements 263 (2) Determining the Reasonableness of a Fee 265 (6) Contingent Fees 271 (6) Justification 271 (3) Legal and Ethical Limits on Contingent Fees 274 (2) Payment of Expenses 276 (1) Desirability of Written Fee Agreements 277 (1) Division of Fees 278 (5) Dividing Fees With Other Lawyers 278 (2) Sharing Fees With Non-Lawyers is Generally Prohibited 280 (3) Advertising of Legal Fees 283 (1) Collection of Fees 284 (3) Attorneys' Liens 287 (2) Termination of Employment 289 (4) Terminating the Relationship: Voluntary and Mandatory Withdrawal 293 (11) Introduction 293 (1) Applicable Rules 294 (7) Accepting Employment 294 (1) Withdrawing From Employment 295 (1) Mandatory Withdrawal 296 (2) Permissive Withdrawal 298 (1) Good Cause 299 (2) Consequences of Improper Withdrawal 301 (2) Procedure for Withdrawal 301 (1) Court Permission 301 (1) Protecting the Client's Interests 302 (1) Conclusion 303 (1) PART IV. ...”