Resultados da pesquisa - equity (common law)

Business law Por Keenan, Denis

Sumário: “...Guided Tour xii Preface xv Legal Study Skills xvi Case Names, Citations and Law report Abbreviations xix Acknowledgements xxii Table of Cases xxiii Table of Statutes xxxvi Table of Statutory instruments xxxix Table of European and other Legislation xlii PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO LAW The Nature of Law 3 (10) Learning Objectives 3 (1) Classification of Law 3 (3) The Common Law 6 (1) Equity 7 (1) Some Basic Principles of Legal Liability 8 (1) Law of Property 9 (1) Self-Test Questions/Activities 10 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 10 (1) Website References 11 (2) Law Making 13 (34) Learning Objective 13 (1) Causes of Legal Change 13 (1) Legal Change and the Changing World 13 (2) Law Reform 15 (1) The Sources of Legal Change 15 (1) Law-Making Processes 16 (9) European Community Law 25 (14) Human rights 39 (5) Self-test questions/Activities 44 (1) Specimen examination questions 44 (1) Website References 45 (2) Resolving Disputes 47 (28) Learning Objectives 47 (1) Legal Services 47 (1) The Legal Profession 47 (2) Other Legal Personnel 49 (1) Other Sources of Information and Advice 50 (1) Methods of Dispute Settlement: the Courts 51 (1) Criminal Courts 52 (6) Civil Courts 58 (6) Other Important Courts 64 (1) Tribunals 65 (2) Alternative dispute resolution 67 (2) Ombudsmen 69 (1) Regulators 69 (1) Self-test questions/activities 69 (2) Specimen examination questions 71 (1) Website References 71 (4) PART 2: BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS Classification and Survey of Types of Business Organisation 75 (26) Learning Objectives 75 (1) Classification of Business Organisations 75 (3) Natural and Juristic Persons 78 (2) Survey of Types of Business Organisations: Advantages and Disadvantages 80 (1) Commencement of Business 80 (1) Raising Business Finance - Generally 81 (1) Raising Business finance - Securities 82 (1) Charges 82 (2) Guarantees 84 (1) Mortgages 85 (2) Mortgages of Personal property 87 (1) Mortgages of Choses in action 88 (1) Liability of the Proprietors 88 (1) Continuity 89 (1) Publicity and External Control of the undertaking 90 (2) Taxation and National Insurance 92 (4) Planning 96 (2) Self-Test Questions/Activities 98 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 99 (1) Website references 99 (2) Non-Corporate Organisations-Sole Traders and Partnerships 101 (52) Learning Objectives 101 (1) The Sole Trader 101 (1) Formation of the Business 101 (2) Dissolution 103 (1) Debt Recovery 103 (2) Bankruptcy procedure - generally 105 (1) The Petition 106 (1) Schemes of Arrangement Under the Deeds of Arrangement Act 1914 106 (1) The Interim Order and Voluntary Arrangement under the Insolvency Act 1986 107 (1) The Effect of a Bankruptcy order - generally 108 (1) Committee of Creditors 109 (1) The Public Examination 110 (1) The Family Home 110 (1) Proof of Debt 111 (1) Mutual dealings - Set off 111 (1) Carrying on the Business and Disclaimer 111 (1) Transactions at an Undervalue and Preferences 111 (2) Payment of the Creditors - Preferential payments 113 (1) Protection of Employees 113 (1) Trade Creditors 114 (1) Deferred Creditors 114 (1) Discharge of the Bankrupt 114 (1) The Ordinary Partnership 115 (1) Definition and Nature of a Partnership 115 (3) The Sharing of Profits as evidence of Partnership 118 (1) Types of Partners 119 (2) Membership of the Firm 121 (1) The Firm and the Firm name 122 (1) The Relationship Between Partners and Outsiders 123 (1) Partners' Powers 123 (3) Liability of Incoming and Outgoing Partners 126 (2) Relationship of Partners Within the Partnership 128 (5) Dissolution 133 (5) Ordinary Limited Partnerships 138 (1) Limited Liability Partnerships 139 (4) Reform: A Partnership With Legal Personality 143 (2) Model Form of Ordinary (or Unlimited) Partnership Deed 145 (5) Self-Test Questions/Activities 150 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 151 (1) Website References 152 (1) Companies 153 (60) Learning Objectives 153 (1) Types of Registered Companies 153 (1) Public and Private Companies 154 (1) Formation 155 (1) Pre-Incorporation Contracts 156 (2) The Company's Constitution 158 (6) Articles of Association 164 (4) Financing the Company 168 (5) The Issue of Shares and Debentures 173 (1) Procedures for Issuing Shares to the Public 174 (1) Regulation of the Securities Market and of Admission to it 175 (1) Offers of Unlisted Securities 176 (1) The Remedy of Rescission 177 (1) Membership 177 (2) Meetings, Resolutions and Annual Return 179 (4) Protection of Minority Interests 183 (2) Directors and Secretary 185 (8) Powers of Directors 193 (3) Company Insolvency and Corporate Rescue 196 (1) Liquidation 197 (3) Alternatives to Liquidation: Company Rescue Procedures 200 (1) Administration 201 (6) Self-test Questions/Activities 207 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 208 (1) Website References 208 (5) PART 3 BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Introduction to the Law of Contract 213 (60) Learning Objectives 213 (1) Business Contracting - generally 213 (1) Nature of a Contract 214 (1) Types of Contract 214 (1) Essentials of a Valid Contract 215 (24) Genuineness of Consent 239 (1) Mistake 239 (4) Misrepresentation 243 (3) Rescission 246 (2) Duress and Undue Influence Legality 248 (3) Competition Policy 251 (6) Discharge of Contracts 257 (4) Remedies 261 (6) Limitation of Actions 267 (1) Self-Test Questions/Activities 268 (3) Specimen Examination Questions 271 (1) Website References 272 (1) Types of Business Contract 273 (14) Learning Objectives 273 (1) Contracts for the Supply of Goods 273 (2) Contracts of Bailment 275 (1) Employment Contracts 275 (1) Contracts of Agency 275 (4) Contracts Concerning Land 279 (1) Contracts form Financial Services 279 (1) Standard form Contracts 280 (4) Self-test Questions/Activities 284 (1) Specimen Emamination Questions 284 (1) Website References 285 (2) The Terms of Business Contracts 287 (22) Learning Objectives 287 (1) Certainty of Terms 287 (2) Puffs, Representations and Terms 289 (1) Types of Contractual Terms 290 (1) Express and implied Terms 291 (2) Exemption Clauses-the Law 293 (5) Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 298 (5) Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 303 (2) Reform 305 (1) Fair Trading Act 1973 306 (1) Self-test Questions/Activities 306 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 307 (1) Website References 308 (1) Contracts for the Supply of Goods and Services 309 (30) Learning Objectives 309 (1) Sale of Goods 310 (1) Definition 310 (1) Formation 310 (1) The Implied Terms 310 (6) Transfer of Property in the Goods 316 (3) Sale by a Person Who is not the Owner 319 (3) Reform of the Law Relating to Transfer of Title Contained in SS 21-26 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 322 (1) Performance of the Contract 323 (3) Remedies 326 (3) Supply of Goods and Services 329 (1) Implied Terms in Contracts for the Supply of Goods (Part I) 330 (1) Implied Terms in Contracts for the Supply of Services (Part II) 331 (1) Manufacturer's Liability in Contract 332 (3) Reform and Guarantees 335 (1) Self-test Questions/Activities 335 (2) Specimen Examination Questions 337 (1) Website References 337 (2) Business and the Law of Tort 339 (26) Learning Objectives 339 (1) Tortious Liability 339 (1) Basis of Tortious Liability 339 (1) Proof of Damage 340 (1) Causation 340 (1) Defences 341 (3) Remedies 344 (1) Limitation of Actions 344 (1) Specific Torts Relevant to Business 345 (2) Defective Goods 347 (5) Defective Services - generally 352 (2) Lawyers 354 (1) Accountants and Auditors 354 (2) Valuers and Surveyors 356 (1) Other torts Relevant to Business 357 (2) Rule in Rylands v Fletcher 359 (3) Self-test Questions/Activities 362 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 362 (1) Website References 363 (2) Criminal Liability in Business 365 (26) Learning Objectives 365 (1) Criminal Law and the Supplier of Goods and Services 365 (1) Misdescription of Goods and Services 366 (4) Reform of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 370 (1) Misleading Price Indications 371 (2) Product Safety 373 (3) Safety and Quality of Food 376 (2) Other Criminal Liability for the Supply of Goods and Services 378 (1) Criminal Liability - generally 378 (1) Other Crimes Relevant to Business 379 (5) Stock Exchange Frands 384 (4) Self-Test Questions/Activities 388 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 389 (1) Website References 390 (1) Credit 391 (22) Learning Objectives 391 (1) Types of Credit 392 (7) Consumer Credit Act 1974 399 (12) Agreements Covered by the Act 400 (2) Licensing of Credit and Hire Businesses 402 (1) Seeking Business 403 (1) Signing Credit or Hire Agreements 404 (1) Cancellation 405 (1) Credit Reference Agencies 405 (1) Liability of the Supplier and Creditor 406 (2) Termination and Default 408 (3) Self-test Questions/Activities 411 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 412 (1) Website References 412 (1) Consumer Protection 413 (22) Learning Objectives 413 (1) Who is a Consumer? ...”

Cheshire and Burn's modern law of real property / E.H. Burn, J. Cartwright. Por Cheshire, G. C.

Sumário: “...Introduction to the modern law -- The pattern of development -- The common law system -- Modification of the common law by equity -- Settlements before 1926 -- The simplification of the law: 1925, 1996 and 2002 -- Adverse possession. ...”
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Cheshire and Burn's modern law of real property / Por Burn, E. H.

Sumário: “...An introduction to land law The common law system Modification of the common law by equity Settlements before 1926 The simplification of the law: 1925, 1996 and 2002 The estate in fee simple absolute in possession Commonhold General characteristics and creation of leases Covenants in leases Termination of leases and recovery of possession by the landlord Statutory codes for special leases The strict settlement and the trust for sale before 1997 The trust of land Concurrent interests Future interests : the rules against perpetuities and accumulations of income Entailed interests and life interests Determinable interests and interests upon condition subsequent Easements and profits Covenants Rentcharges Mortgages Equities and proprietary estoppel Licences The contract Formalities required for the creation and transfer of estates and interests in land Capacity to acquire, hold and transfer estates and interests in land Unregistered conveyancing Registered conveyancing Extinction of estates and interests in land...”

Microeconomics Por Pindyck, Robert S.

Sumário: “...577 (3) A Variety of Interest Rates 579 (1) Summary 580 (1) Questions for Review 580 (1) Exercises 581 (2) Part Four Information, Market Failure, and the Role of Government 583 (112) General Equilibrium and Economic Efficiency 585 (32) General Equilibrium analysis 585 (5) Two Interdependent Markets---Moving to General Equilibrium 586 (1) Reaching General Equilibrium 587 (3) Efficiency in Exchange 590 (7) The Advantages of Trade 590 (1) The Edgeworth Box Diagram 591 (1) Efficient Allocations 592 (1) The Contract Curve 593 (1) Consumer Equilibrium in a Competitive Market 594 (2) The Economic Efficiency of Competitive Markets 596 (1) Equity and Efficiency 597 (3) The Utility Possibilities Frontier 597 (2) Equity and Perfect Competition 599 (1) Efficiency in Production 600 (6) The Production Possibilities Frontier 601 (2) Output Efficiency 603 (1) Efficiency in Output Markets 604 (1) The Gains from Free Trade 605 (1) Comparative Advantage 606 (4) An Expanded Production Possibilities Frontier 607 (3) An Overview---The Efficiency of Competitive Markets 610 (2) Why Market Fail 612 (2) Market Power 612 (1) Incomplete Information 613 (1) Externalities 613 (1) Public Goods 613 (1) Summary 614 (1) Questions for Review 614 (1) Exercises 615 (2) Markets with Asymmetric Information 617 (28) Quality Uncertainty and the Market for Lemons 617 (6) The Market for Used Cars 618 (2) Implications of Asymmetric Information 620 (1) The Importance of Reputation and Standardization 621 (2) Market Signaling 623 (5) A Simple Model of Job Market Signaling 624 (3) Guarantees and Warranties 627 (1) Moral Hazard 628 (2) The Principal---Agent Problem 630 (6) The Principal---Agent Problem in Private Enterprises 631 (2) The Principal--Agent Problem in Public Enterprises 633 (2) Incentives in the Principal---Agent Framework 635 (1) Managerial Incentives in an Integrated Firm 636 (3) Asymmetric Information and Incentive Design in the Integrated Firm 637 (2) Applications 639 (1) Asymmetric Information in Labor Markets: Efficiency Wage Theory 639 (3) Summary 642 (1) Questions for Review 642 (1) Exercises 643 (2) Externalities and Public Goods 645 (50) Externalities 645 (6) Negative Externalities and Inefficiency 646 (2) Positive Externalities and Inefficiency 648 (3) Ways of Correcting Market Failure 651 (12) An Emissions Standard 652 (1) An Emissions Fee 653 (1) Standards versus Fees 654 (2) Tradeable Emissions Permits 656 (4) Recycling 660 (3) Stock Externalities 663 (6) Stock Buildup and its Impact 664 (5) Externalities and Property Rights 669 (4) Property Rights 669 (1) Bargaining and Economic Efficiency 670 (1) Costly Bargaining--The Role of Strategic Behavior 671 (1) A Legal Solution---Suing for Damages 671 (2) Common Property Resources 673 (3) Public Goods 676 (4) Efficiency and Public Goods 677 (1) Public Goods and Market Failure 678 (2) Private Preferences for Public Goods 680 (2) Summary 682 (1) Questions for Review 683 (1) Exercises 683 (4) Appendix: The Basics of Regression 687 (8) An Example 687 (1) Estimation 688 (1) Statistical Tests 689 (2) Goodness of Fit 691 (1) Economic Forecasting 691 (3) Summary 694 (1) Glossary 695 (16) Answers to Selected Exercises 711 (12) Photo Credits 723 (2) Index 725...”