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Law and development /

Administrative law of Tanzania por Mushi, Eleuter G

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Administrative law of Tanzania por Mushi, E. G.

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Principles of European environmental law : proceedings of the Avosetta Group of European Environmental Lawyers /

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Principles and the hierarchy of norms 17 (5) a) General remark 17 (2) b) German law 19 (1) c) EC law 19 (2) d) International law 21 (1) 4 Judicial review of principles 22 (9) a) The context of providing powers 23 (2) b) The context of commanding action 25 (2) III Conclusion 27 (4) CHAPTER 3 The Genesis of EC Environmental Principles Ludwig Kr��mer 1 The birth 31 (2) 1.1 The origins 31 (1) 1.2 Principles in action programmes 32 (1) 2 The integration principle 33 (5) 2.1 Origins 33 (1) 2.2 Treaty amendments 34 (1) 2.3 Procedures inside the Commission 35 (1) 2.4 Sectoral initiatives 36 (1) 2.5 Cardiff process; impact assessments 37 (1) 3 The principle of preventive action 38 (1) 4 The precautionary principle 38 (3) 4.1 Birth of the principle 38 (1) 4.2 Precaution and prevention 39 (1) 4.3 Content 39 (2) 5 The rectification of environmental damage at source 41 (2) 5.1 Origins 41 (1) 5.2 Application 42 (1) 6 The polluter pays principle 43 (4) 6.1 Origins 43 (1) 6.2 State aids 44 (1) 6.3 EC law 45 (1) 6.4 Environmental liability 46 (1) 7 Concluding remarks 47 (4) CHAPTER 4 The Precautionary Principle before the European Courts Joanne Scott I The status of the precautionary principle according to the case law of the European courts 51 (5) II The implications of the precautionary principle 56 (11) III The WTO and the elaboration of the precautionary principle 67 (8) CHAPTER 5 European Environmental Law Principles in Belgian Jurisprudence Luc Lavrysen 1 Introduction 75 (1) 2 The polluter pays principle 76 (5) 2.1 The Court of Arbitration 76 (1) 2.2 The Flemish Wastewater Tax case 77 (2) 2.3 The Walloon Waste Tax case 79 (1) 2.4 The Flemish Cooling Water Tax case 80 (1) 3 The precautionary principle 81 (5) 3.1 The Aubange-messancy Transmission Line case 82 (1) 3.2 The Wilrijk Waste Incinerator case 83 (2) 3.3 The Sint-Niklaas Waste Incinerator case 85 (1) 4 The prevention at source principle 86 (1) 5 The constitutional rights on the protection of a healthy environment and of privacy - The stand still principle 87 (4) 5.1 The constitutional rights 87 (1) 5.2 The Zolder Race Circuit case 88 (1) 5.3 The Bierset Airport case 88 (2) 5.4 The Brussels National Airport Night Flights case 90 (1) 6 Conclusion 91 (4) CHAPTER 6 Implementation and Application of Environmental Principles in Danish Law Peter Pagh 95 (6) CHAPTER 7 Principles into Practice - The German Case Bernhard W. …”

International terrorism : legal challenges and responses : a report from the International Bar Association's Task Force on International Terrorism

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The challenges of modern terrorism The use of force as a response to terrorism Trends in anti-terrorism measures after September 11th Upholding human rights and civil liberties in the fight against terrorism Terrorism and international humanitarian law Preventing the financing of terrorism International cooperation in combating terrorism Fora for trying international terrorists: the role of the International Criminal Court Appendices. …”

Principles of alternative dispute resolution / por Ware, Stephen J.

Tabla de Contenidos: “…d: Good faith e: Additional pressures to settle f: Settlement conference as mediation G: Other processes in aid of negotiation 4-31: Introduction to other processes a: Various processes providing non-binding adjudication or evaluation b: Defining terms 1: Non-binding adjudication 2: Evaluation 4-32: Non-binding arbitration 4-33: Neutral evaluation 4-34: Mini-trial 4-35: Summary jury trial 4-36: Arguments for and against making these processes mandatory a: Appeal of mandatory non-binding adjudication and evaluation b: Concerns about mandating non-binding adjudication and evaluation Appendix A: Federal Arbitration Act Appendix B: New York Convention Table of cases Index…”

Institutions and democracy in Africa : how the rules of the game shape political developments

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The Police: laws, prosecutions and women's rights in Liberia Peace Medie; 7. …”

Computer crimes and digital investigations / por Walden, Ian

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An Introduction to social psychology : global perspectives / por Alcock, James

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Attitudes, ideologies and values The nature of attitudes Measuring attitudes Ideology Personal and social values Character values Functions of attitudes The relationship between attitudes and behaviour A final note Summary Further reading Weblinks pt. III Influencing others 5. Attitude change From the inside out: Cognitive consistency and attitude change The evolution of cognitive dissonance theory A revised model of cognitive dissonance Note continued: Attitude change: From the outside in: Persuasion and attitude change What predicts persuasion? …”

Proactive purchasing in the supply chain : the key to world-class procurement / por Burt, David N.

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Multiple Sourcing Share of Supplier's Capacity Local, National, and International Sourcing Manufacturer or Distributor "Green" Supply Management Minority- and Women-Owned Business Enterprises Ethical Considerations Reciprocity Consortium Purchasing and Group Buying Disaster Plans Summary Appendix Illustrative Plant Survey Financial Statement Analysis Planning a Facility Visit Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 14 Global Supply Management Global Management Perspective Future of Global Supply Management Stages to Global Supply Management Reasons for Global Sourcing Potential Problems Questions Before Going Global Supply Channels Global Trade Intermediaries International Procurement Offices Direct Suppliers Eliminating Intermediaries Identifying Direct Suppliers Qualifying Direct Suppliers Preparing for Direct Relations The Initial Meeting Currency and Payment Issues Exchange Rates Payments Letters of Credit Countertrade Countertrade's Advantages Countertrade's Disadvantages Supply Management's Role Creative Countertrade Political and Economic Alliances European Union North American Free Trade Agreement MERCOSUR Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summary Appendix Currency Risk Hedging Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 15 Total Cost of Ownership Three Components of Total Cost Acquisition Costs Ownership Costs Post-Ownership Costs TCO, Net Present Value (NPV) Analysis, and Estimated Costs The Importance of Total Cost of Ownership in Supply Management Service Providers Retail Manufacturing Supply Chains/Supply Networks Summary Appendix: Supply Management in Action Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 16 Price and Cost Analysis Introduction General Economic Considerations Conditions of Competition Variable-Margin Pricing Product Differentiation Six Categories of Cost Regulation by Competition Price Analysis Competitive Price Proposals Regulated, Catalog, and Market Prices Internet/e-Commerce II Historical Prices Supply and Demand Factors Independent Cost Estimates Cost Analysis Cost Analysis Defined Capabilities of Management Efficiency of Labor Amount and Quality of Subcontracting Plant Capacity Sources of Cost Data Potential Suppliers Supply Partners Cost Models Direct Costs Direct Labor Direct Materials Tooling Costs Learning Curves Cumulative Curve and the Unit Curve Target Cost Estimation Indirect Costs Engineering Overhead Material Overhead Manufacturing Overhead General and Administrative Selling Recovering Indirect Costs Activity-Based Costing Target Costing Profit Resisting Arbitrary Price Increases Summary Appendix A: Application of Learning Curves Appendix B: Discounts Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 17 Methods of Compensation Introduction to Compensation Arrangements Observation Contract Cost Risk Appraisal Technical Risk Contract Schedule Risk General Types of Contract Compensation Arrangements Fixed Price Contracts Incentive Contracts Cost-Reimbursement Contracts Specific Types of Compensation Arrangements Firm Fixed Price Contracts Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contracts Fixed Price Redetermination Contracts Incentive Arrangements Fixed Price Incentive Fee Cost Plus Incentive Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Fixed Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) Cost without Fee Cost Sharing Time and Materials Letter Contracts and Letters of Intent Considerations When Selecting the Method of Compensation Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 18 Negotiations Introduction Objectives of Negotiation Quality Fair and Reasonable Price On-Time Performance Control Cooperation Supplier Relationship Management When to Negotiate Supply Management's Role in Negotiation The Supply Management Professional Acting Alone The Supply Management Professional as the Negotiating Team Leader The Negotiation Process Preparation Establishing Objectives Identify the Desired Type of Relationship Five Powerful Preparation Activities The BATNA The Agenda "Murder Boards" and Mock Negotiations Crib Sheets Draft Agreements Face-to-Face Discussions Fact Finding Recess Narrowing the Differences Hard Bargaining Techniques Universally Applicable Techniques Transactional Techniques Collaborative and Alliance Negotiating Techniques The Debriefing: An Incredible Learning Opportunity Documentation Online Negotiation Advantages to Online Negotiation An Example of a Successful Application of Negotiating Online Drawbacks to Online Negotiation Negotiating for Price Price Analysis Negotiation Cost Analysis Negotiation Characteristics of a Successful Negotiator Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 19 Contract Formation and Legal Issues Litigation Prevention Dispute Resolution Negotiation Mediation Litigation Arbitration Courts Development of Commercial Law Electronic Contract Considerations: Cyber Law Attempts to Revise the UCC Basic Legal Considerations Status of an Agent The Purchase Contract Letters of Intent Special Legal Considerations Inspection Rights Rights of Rejection Title and Risk of Loss Warranties Evergreen Contracts Order Cancellation and Breach of Contract JIT Contracts Honest Mistakes Patent Infringement Restraint of Trade Laws International Considerations Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 20 Contract and Relationship Management Need for Better Contract Management Preaward Conference: The Stage Has Been Set Monitoring and Controlling Project Progress Operations Progress Reports Gantt Charts CPM and PERT Closed-Loop MRP Systems Monitoring and Controlling Total Supplier Performance Supplier Performance Evaluation Motivation Punishment Rewards Assistance Transformational Training Quality Audits and Supply System Reviews Problem Solving Collaboration Managing the Relationship Summary Appendix A: Supplier Reporting Requirements for Unique Major Projects Appendix B: How Critical Path Scheduling Works Appendix C: Supplier Questionnaire Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 21 Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics in the Supply Management Context Professional Supply Management Ethics Principles and Standards of Ethical Supply Management Conduct National and International Supply Management Conduct Important Areas Requiring Amplification Avoid Sharp Practices Competitive Bidding Negotiation Samples Treating Salespeople with Respect Substandard Materials and Services Gifts and Gratuities Management Responsibilities Written Standards Ethics Training and Education Departmental Environment Miscellaneous Factors Dealing with Gray Areas The Four Way Test Social Responsibilities Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 22 Implementing World-Class Purchasing in the Supply Chain Designing an Effective Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Purchasing Planning Function Defining Planning Four Phases of Planning The Organizing Function The Five Basic Steps to Organizing Basic Concepts of Organizing Organizing for Supply Chain Management The Staffing Function The Directing Function Leadership Leadership and the Purchasing Profession The Controlling Function Evaluating the Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Annual Report Risk Management New Focus on Risk Management Appendix A: The Institute for Supply Management Awards for Excellence in Supply Management Appendix B: From Reactive to Proactive Procurement: A Case Study Appendix C: Raytheon Supply Base Optimization, April Appendix D: At Rolls-Royce North America, an Organizational Shift Is the Driving Force Behind an Innovative New Journey to Engage Its Supply Chain Endnotes Suggested Reading Epilogue The Future of Supply Management Index…”

Microeconomics por Pindyck, Robert S.

Tabla de Contenidos: “…15 (3) Corporate Decision Making: Ford's Sport Utility Vehicles 15 (2) Public Policy Design: Automobile Emission Standards for the Twenty-First Century 17 (1) Summary 18 (1) Questions for Review 18 (1) Exercises 18 (3) The Basics of Supply and Demand 21 (44) Supply and Demand 22 (3) The Supply Curve 22 (1) The Demand Curve 23 (2) The Market Mechanism 25 (1) Changes in Market Equilibrium 26 (8) Elasticities of Supply and Demand 34 (6) Point versus Arc Elasticities 37 (3) Short-Run versus Long-Run Elasticities 40 (9) Demand 40 (5) Supply 45 (4) Understanding and Predicting the Effects of Changing Market Conditions 49 (9) Effects of Government Intervention-Price Controls 58 (3) Summary 61 (1) Questions for Review 61 (1) Exercises 62 (3) Part Two Producers, Consumers, and Competitive Markets 65 (282) Consumer Behavior 67 (44) Consumer Behavior 67 (2) Consumer Preferences 69 (14) Market Baskets 69 (1) Some Basic Assumptions about Preferences 70 (1) Indifference Curves 70 (2) Indifference Maps 72 (2) The Shape of Indifference Curves 74 (1) The Marginal Rate of Substitution 75 (1) Perfect Substitutes and Perfect Complements 76 (7) Budget Constraints 83 (3) The Budget Line 83 (1) The Effects of Changes in Income and Prices 84 (2) Consumer choice 86 (6) Corner Solutions 90 (2) Revealed Preferences 92 (3) Marginal Utility and Consumer Choice 95 (5) Cost-of-Living Indexes 100 (6) Ideal Cost-of-Living Index 101 (1) Laspeyres Index 102 (1) Paasche Index 103 (1) Price Indexes in the United Statics: Chain Weighting 104 (2) Summary 106 (1) Questions for Review 106 (1) Exercises 107 (4) Individual and Market Demand 111 (48) Individual Demand 112 (8) Price Changes 112 (1) The Individual Demand Curve 113 (1) Income Changes 114 (1) Normal versus Inferior Goods 115 (1) Engel Curves 116 (3) Substitutes and Complements 119 (1) Income and Substitution Effects 120 (5) Substitution Effect 121 (1) Income Effect 121 (1) A Special Case: The Giffen Good 122 (3) Market Demand 125 (7) From Individual to Market Demand 125 (2) Elasticity of Demand 127 (5) Consumer Surplus 132 (4) Consumer Surplus and Demand 132 (4) Network Externalities 136 (4) The Bandwagon Effect 136 (1) The Snob Effect 137 (3) Empirical Estimation of Demand 140 (4) The Statistical Approach to Demand Estimation 140 (2) The Form of the Demand Relationship 142 (2) Interview and Experimental Approaches to Demand Determination 144 (1) Summary 144 (1) Questions for Review 145 (1) Exercises 146 (3) Demand Theory---A Mathematical Treatment 149 (8) Utility Maximization 149 (1) The Method of Lagrange Multipliers 150 (1) The Equal Marginal Principle 151 (1) Marginal Rate of Substitution 151 (1) Marginal Utility of Income 152 (1) An Example 152 (2) Duality in Consumer Theory 154 (1) Income and Substitution Effect 155 (2) Exercises 157 (2) Uncertainty and Consumer Behavior 159 (36) Describing Risk 160 (5) Probability 160 (1) Expected Value 161 (1) Variability 161 (2) Decision Making 163 (2) Preferences Toward Risk 165 (5) Different Preferences Toward Risk 167 (3) Reducing Risk 170 (6) Diversification 170 (2) Insurance 172 (2) The Value of Information 174 (2) The Demand for Risky Assets 176 (9) Assets 177 (1) Risky and Riskless Assets 177 (1) Asset Returns 178 (1) The Trade-Off Between Risk and Return 179 (1) The Investor's Choice Problem 180 (5) Behavioral Economics 185 (6) More Complex Preferences 186 (2) Rules of Thumb and Biases in Decision Making 188 (1) Probabilities and Uncertainty 189 (1) Summing Up 189 (2) Summary 191 (1) Questions for Review 191 (1) Exercises 191 (4) Production 195 (26) The Production Decisions of a Firm 195 (1) The Technology of Production 196 (2) The Production Function 197 (1) The Short Run versus the Long Run 197 (1) Production with One Variable Input (Labor) 198 (9) Average and Marginal Products 199 (1) The Slopes of the Product Curve 200 (1) The Average Product of Labor Curve 201 (1) The Marginal Product of Labor Curve 202 (1) The Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns 202 (3) labor Productivity 205 (2) Production with Two Variable Inputs 207 (8) Isoquants 207 (2) Input Flexibility 209 (1) Diminishing Marginal Returns 209 (1) Substitution Among Inputs 209 (2) Production Functions---Two Special Cases 211 (4) Returns to Scale 215 (3) Describing Returns to Scale 215 (3) Summary 218 (1) Questions for Review 218 (1) Exercises 219 (2) The Cost of Production 221 (50) Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? …”

Economics : private & public choice / por Gwartney, James D.

Tabla de Contenidos: “…329 (2) Measures of Economic Activity Index of Leading Indicators 331 (1) How Are Expectations Formed? …”