Résultats de la recherche - cooperation (law) india~

A manual of co-operative law and practice : par Surridge, B. J

Public interest law /

Public interest law

Cases and materials on evidence par Cooper Simon

Elliott and Wood's cases and materials on criminal law. par Allen, Michael, J.

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The Judicial House of Lords 1876-2009 /

Principles of European environmental law : proceedings of the Avosetta Group of European Environmental Lawyers /

Table des matières: “…154 (1) 3 Similar principles that have emerged in the Netherlands 154 (3) 3.1 The 'alara' ("as low as reasonably achievable") principle 154 (1) 3.2 The stand still principle 155 (1) 3.3 The substitution principle 156 (1) 4 Conclusions 157 (4) CHAPTER 10 The Application and Interpretation of the Core Environmental Principles by the Portuguese Courts Alexandra Arag��o 1 Introduction 161 (1) 2 Legal context 161 (3) 3 The Portuguese cases 164 (11) 3.1 Illegal activities and the prevention principle: Comital Mining case and Azem��is Dairy case 165 (2) 3.2 Locally unwanted land uses and the prevention principle: Estarreja Incinerator case and Maia Petrol Pump case 167 (1) 3.3 The polluter pays principle: Minderica Dyers and Coruche Stork Nests case 168 (1) 3.4 The polluter-pays and prevention principles: first P��voa de Lanhoso landfill case 169 (1) 3.5 The principles of precaution and prevention: Second P��voa de Lanhoso Landfill case 170 (2) 3.6 The principles of prevention and polluter-pays: Cerveira Scrap-ground case 172 (1) 3.7 The principles of prevention and integration: Nisa Swallow Nests case and New Bridge case 173 (2) 4 Final remarks on the national application of the principles 175 (1) 4.1 The precaution principle 175 (1) 4.2 The polluter pays principle 176 (1) 4.3 The integration principle 176 (1) 5 Conclusion 176 (5) CHAPTER 11 The Application of the Core K Environmental Principles by Spanish Courts Angel-Manuel Moreno 1 Methodological remarks 181 (1) 2 EC environmental principles applied in jurisdictional 'environmental' adjudication. 182 (9) 2.1 The polluters pays principle (el que contamina, paga) 183 (5) 2.2 The principle of prevention/precaution (principio de cautela y acci��n preventiva) 188 (3) 2.3 Rectification at source, producer or extended responsibility, regional variations, scientific base, and the integration principle. 191 (1) 3 Environmental principles enshrined in Spanish legislation 191 (1) 4 Conclusions 191 (4) CHAPTER 12 Environmental Principles in the United Kingdom Richard Macrory and Ian Havercroft 1 Principles in UK legislation 195 (2) 2 Environmental principles in UK legislation and policy 197 (1) 3 Environmental principles in policy documents 198 (2) 4 Significant case law involving environmental principles 200 (12) 4.1 Polluter pays principle 200 (4) 4.2 The precautionary principle 204 (5) 4.3 Prevention at source 209 (1) 4.4 Producer or extended responsibility 209 (3) 5 Conclusions 212 (3) CHAPTER 13 Environmental Principles - Experiences of Transition Countries Gyula B��ndi 215 (10) CHAPTER 14 Environmental Principles, Modem and Post-modem Law Nicolas de Sadeleer 1 Introduction 225 (1) 2 Modern law 225 (2) 3 Post modern law 227 (4) 3.1 Dispersion of the law makers 228 (1) 3.2 Fragmentation of law 228 (1) 3.3 Acceleration of time 229 (1) 3.4 Decline of State authority 230 (1) 3.5 Increasing dependence of the law on extra-legal spheres 230 (1) 3.6 The undermining of the premises of modern law 231 (1) 4 Environmental principles represent the interface between modern law and post modern law 231 (4) 4.1 Enabling function 232 (1) 4.2 Directing function 233 (1) 4.3 Interpretrative function 234 (1) 4.4 Weighing the conflicting interests 235 (1) 5 Conclusions 235 (3) Table of Cases 238 (12) Index 250 (4) Contributors 254…”

International terrorism : legal challenges and responses : a report from the International Bar Association's Task Force on International Terrorism

Principles of alternative dispute resolution / par Ware, Stephen J.

Table des matières: “…Preface Note to teachers Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1: Overview 1-2: Disputes 1-3: Resolution of disputes 1-4: Processes of dispute resolution 1-5: Definitions of litigation and ADR a: ADR as alternatives to litigation b: Litigation as the default process 1-6: Introductions to major ADR processes a: Negotiation b: Mediation and other processes in aid of negotiation c: Arbitration 1-7: Basic division within ADR: arbitration vs everything else a: All ADR processes can produce binding results 1: Negotiation 2: Mediation and other processes in aid of negotiation 3: Arbitration b: Arbitration is the only ADR process that can produce binding results without a post-dispute contract c: Arbitration or litigation casts the shadow in which negotiation and processes in aid of it occur d: Implications for categorizing and comparing processes 1-8: Broader perspectives on ADR a: ADR diversity b: Cool and warm themes; the cost and quality of dispute resolution c: Lawyers and ADR Chapter 2: Arbitration And Similar Processes A: Overview 2-1: Arbitration defined 2-2: Contractual arbitration and non-contractual arbitration; constitutional right to jury trial 2-3: Arbitration law summarized a: Post-dispute and pre-dispute agreements to arbitrate b: Enforcement of arbitration agreements c: Arbitration process d: Enforcement of arbitrator's decision or "award" B: Sources of contemporary American arbitration law 2-4: Federal law a: Pro-contract b: Court orders to arbitrate; specific performance of arbitration agreements c: Broad applicability 2-5: State law a: Arbitration law b: Non-arbitration law C: FAA preemption of state law 1: Evolution of case law on FAA preemption 2-6: Federal arbitration law as (non-preemptive) procedural law 2-7: Federal arbitration law as (preemptive) substantive law 2-8: FAA creates no federal jurisdiction 2: Preemption of state law impeding contract enforcement 2-9: Generally 2-10: State law prohibiting courts from enforcing arbitration agreements 2-11: State law prohibiting courts from enforcing arbitration agreements with the remedy of specific performance 2-12: State law making arbitration agreements unenforceable with respect to certain claims 2-13: State law making arbitration agreements in certain types of transactions unenforceable 2-14: State law raising the standard of assent for contract formation 3: Choice-of-law clauses 2-15: Introduction 2-16: Volt case 2-17: Mastrobuono case 4: Insurance arbitration 2-18: McCarran-Ferguson and the FAA D: Formation of enforceable arbitration agreements 1: Separability 2-19: Prima paint case 2-20: Buckeye case 2-21: Applications of separability 2: Formation 2-22: Mutual manifestations of assent a: Contract law's objective approach b: Recurring fact patterns 2-23: Consideration 3: Contract law defenses to enforcement 2-24: Defenses subject to separability doctrine 2-25: Unconscionability a: Generally b: FAA's constraint on the scope of the unconscionability doctrine c: Arbitration organizations' policing against unconscionability d: Public policy and child custody 2-26: Waiver of the right to arbitrate 4: Non-contract law defenses to enforcement: federal statutory claims and public policy 2-27: Toward universal arbitrability 2-28: Current in arbitrability a: Simple in arbitrability 1: Labor arbitration 2: Automobile dealers and military personnel b: Arbitrability with strings attached: the effectively vindicate doctrine E: Interpretation of arbitration agreements 1: Contractual arbitrability 2-29: Introduction 2-30: Generally decided by courts 2-31: Contractual and non-contractual approaches 2: Multi-party disputes 2-32: Claims by or against those not party to the arbitration agreement a: Party plaintiff vs non-party defendant b: Non-party plaintiff vs party defendant 2-33: Consolidation of, and stays pending, related proceedings 2-34: Class actions 3: Arbitration procedure 2-35: Overview 2-36: Pre-hearing a: Selection of arbitrator(s) 1: Methods of selection 2: Arbitrator fees 3: Judicial and regulatory constraints on party selection of arbitrator(s) b: Pleadings c: Filing fees (and un-administered arbitration) d: Discovery 2-37: Hearing a: General comparison with trial b: Role of lawyers c: Rules of evidence d: No hearing; dispositive motions e: Written awards; reasoned opinions 2-38: Remedies a: Determined by contract, within limitations 1: Generally determined by contract; the Mastrobuono case 2: Limitations on contract; the book case b: Typical contract terms c: Consequences of limiting remedies in arbitration 4: Governing substantive law, if any 2-39: Substantive law applied in arbitration F: Effect of arbitration award 1: Enforcement of arbitration award 2-40: Confirmation 2-41: Claim preclusion (res judicata) a: Generally applicable b: Labor exception 2-42: Issue preclusion (collateral estoppel) 2: Vacatur of arbitration award 2-43: Introduction a: Vacatur is rare b: Statutory and non-statutory grounds 2-44: Statutory grounds a: Corruption, fraud or undue means b: Evident partiality or corruption c: Fundamentally fair hearing d: Exceeded powers 2-45: Non-statutory grounds a: Error of law, including manifest disregard 1: Narrow ground for Vacatur 2: Recent expansion b: Public policy c: Grounds created by contract 2-46: Federal preemption of state law a: State grounds for Vacatur broader than federal b: State grounds for Vacatur narrower than federal G: International arbitration 2-47: Introduction: public law arbitration and commercial arbitration 2-48: New York convention a: Basic provisions b: Effect of United States ratification c: Significance 2-49: Practice of international commercial arbitration H: Employment arbitration and labor arbitration 2-50: Conventional distinction between "employment" and "labor" 2-51: FAA's exclusion of certain "contracts of employment" 2-52: Employment arbitration 2-53: Labor arbitration a: LMRA rather than FAA b: Practice of labor arbitration 1: Two peculiarities 2: Labor law and CBAs c: Few arbitrable claims 1: Law 2: Union, not employee, controls arbitration 3: Narrowly drafted arbitration clauses d: Interest arbitration I: Processes similar to arbitration 2-54: Private judging ("rent-a-judge") 2-55: Non-contractual, yet binding, arbitration a: Introduction b: Examples 1: Federal programs 2: Government employees-federal 3: Government employees-state and local 4: Railway Labor Act 5: State "lemon" laws 6: State auto insurance laws 7: Attorney fee disputes. 3: Negotiation A: Negotiation contexts 3-1: Dispute negotiation and transactional negotiation 3-2: Dispute negotiation and lawyers; settlement negotiation defined 3-3: Settlement negotiation and the shadow of the law 3-4: Bilateral monopoly of settlement negotiation B: Settlement/litigation choice 3-5: Valuing a case a: Introduction to case valuation b: Factors lawyers and clients should consider in valuing a case c: Timing of the settlement/litigation choice d: Risk aversion and diversification 1: Risk aversion 2: Diversification e: Expected value, BATNA and the bottom line f: Psychological barriers to valuing a case accurately 1: Availability bias 2: Anchoring bias 3: Egocentric biases 4: Overconfidence bias g: Valuation of criminal cases 3-6: Disagreements between lawyer and client about the settlement/litigation choice a: Generally b: Legal fees 1: Hourly billing 2: Contingency fees 3: Retainers and other fixed-fees (especially in criminal practice) 4: Legal fees paid through liability insurance c: Professional responsibility C: Negotiation theory 3-7: Zero-sum and positive-sum 3-8: Zero-sum (distributive) negotiation 3-9: Positive-sum (integrative) negotiation a: Example on the time value of money b: Importance of multiple issues 3-10: Positive-sum (integrative) negotiation is not always worthwhile, or even possible 3-11: Bottom lines and settlement zones a: Case valuations determine bottom lines which determine settlement zones b: Predictions about the results of litigation 1: Predictions that usually (but not always) result in a settlement zone 2: Predictions less likely to result in a settlement zone: cases of over-optimism c: Conclusion 3-12: Settlement zone does not ensure settlement (barriers to settlement) a: Ignorance of settlement zone's existence or boundaries b: Dividing the value created by settlement 3-13: Bottom lines and settlement zones in positive-sum (integrative) negotiation D: Approaches to negotiation 3-14: Terminology 1: Adversarial/competitive approach 3-15: Opening offers 3-16: Few and small concessions 3-17: False concessions 3-18: Concession tricks and escalation tactics 3-19: Deception and information 3-20: Misinformation about bottom lines and the strength of your case a: Generally b: Lying about one's bottom line c: Projecting confidence in one's case and lack of interest in settling d: Effect of misinformation about bottom lines 3-21: Psychological warfare a: Anger, threats, ridicule, accusation and intimidation b: Negotiate on your own turf c: Outnumber your counterparts d: Negotiate when you have time and your counterpart does not e: Lack of authority f: Locked into position g: Feign irrationality h: Wolf in sheep's clothing 3-22: Drawbacks of the adversarial/competitive approach 2: Cooperative approach and the prisoner's dilemma 3-23: Cooperative approach 3-24: Prisoner's dilemma and the importance of reputation a: Prisoner's dilemma b: Importance of reputation and the incentive to cooperate 3-25: Tactics for a cooperative lawyer with an adversarial/competitive counterpart 3: Problem-solving approach 3-26: Overview of problem-solving a: Positive-sum b: Coinciding interests (with a tax law example) c: Logrolling multiple issues d: Tactics listed 3-27: Interests, not positions 3-28: Communicating your side's interests 3-29: Variety of solutions 3-30: Drawbacks of the problem-solving approach 4: Gender, culture, race and ethnicity 3-31: Gender 3-32: Culture, race and ethnicity E: Preparing for negotiation 3-33: Introduction 3-34: Identifying your client's interests, bottom line and specific goals 3-35: Identifying other party's interests, bottom line and specific goals 3-36: Adjusting during negotiation a: Adjusting approaches during negotiation b: Adjusting your bottom line during negotiation 3-37: Specific preparations F: Law governing settlement 3-38: Criminal and tort law; "good faith" in negotiation 3-39: Sales law a: Legal effects of releases and settlement agreements 1: Releases 2: Settlement agreements b: Grounds for non-enforcement 1: Duress and unconscionability 2: Misrepresentation and mistake 3: Requirement of a writing 4: Public policy c: Entering judgment on settlement (consent decree) d: Plea agreements 3-40: Agency law 3-41: Multiple parties: indemnity, contribution and Mary Carter agreements 3-42: Confidentiality a: Generally b: Confidentiality agreements prior to or during litigation c: Rules of evidence and discovery d: Confidentiality clauses in settlement agreements G: Settlement/litigation choice: broader perspectives 3-43: Normative views on the prevalence of settlement 3-44: Resources 3-45: Dispute resolution vs public justice. 4: Mediation And Other Processes In Aid Of Negotiation A: Overview 4-1: Mediation's popularity 4-2: Mediation defined 4-3: Dispute mediation and transactional mediation 4-4: Mandatory mediation and voluntary mediation B: Goals of dispute mediation 4-5: Generally 4-6: Settle cases 4-7: Positive-sum or problem-solving 4-8: Moral growth C: Mediation process 4-9: Goals shape process 4-10: Mediation process generally a: Participants b: Starting to mediate c: Joint sessions, private caucuses and shuttle diplomacy d: Facilitating communication 1: Direct communication 2: Indirect communication e: Settlement offers f: Agreements 4-11: Identifying settlement zones and overcoming barriers to settlement 4-12: Positive-sum a: In general b: Coinciding interests c: Logrolling multiple issues d: Trusted intermediary combining information 4-13: Evaluation by the mediator a: Appeal of evaluation b: Concerns about evaluation 1: Interests vs rights 2: Is "evaluative mediation" an oxymoron? …”

Computer crimes and digital investigations / par Walden, Ian

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The Governance of China par JINPING, XI. (Author)

Institutions and democracy in Africa : how the rules of the game shape political developments

A practical guide to public procurement / par Semple, Abby

An Introduction to social psychology : global perspectives / par Alcock, James

Table des matières: “…Attitude change From the inside out: Cognitive consistency and attitude change The evolution of cognitive dissonance theory A revised model of cognitive dissonance Note continued: Attitude change: From the outside in: Persuasion and attitude change What predicts persuasion? …”

Proactive purchasing in the supply chain : the key to world-class procurement / par Burt, David N.

Table des matières: “…Multiple Sourcing Share of Supplier's Capacity Local, National, and International Sourcing Manufacturer or Distributor "Green" Supply Management Minority- and Women-Owned Business Enterprises Ethical Considerations Reciprocity Consortium Purchasing and Group Buying Disaster Plans Summary Appendix Illustrative Plant Survey Financial Statement Analysis Planning a Facility Visit Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 14 Global Supply Management Global Management Perspective Future of Global Supply Management Stages to Global Supply Management Reasons for Global Sourcing Potential Problems Questions Before Going Global Supply Channels Global Trade Intermediaries International Procurement Offices Direct Suppliers Eliminating Intermediaries Identifying Direct Suppliers Qualifying Direct Suppliers Preparing for Direct Relations The Initial Meeting Currency and Payment Issues Exchange Rates Payments Letters of Credit Countertrade Countertrade's Advantages Countertrade's Disadvantages Supply Management's Role Creative Countertrade Political and Economic Alliances European Union North American Free Trade Agreement MERCOSUR Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summary Appendix Currency Risk Hedging Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 15 Total Cost of Ownership Three Components of Total Cost Acquisition Costs Ownership Costs Post-Ownership Costs TCO, Net Present Value (NPV) Analysis, and Estimated Costs The Importance of Total Cost of Ownership in Supply Management Service Providers Retail Manufacturing Supply Chains/Supply Networks Summary Appendix: Supply Management in Action Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 16 Price and Cost Analysis Introduction General Economic Considerations Conditions of Competition Variable-Margin Pricing Product Differentiation Six Categories of Cost Regulation by Competition Price Analysis Competitive Price Proposals Regulated, Catalog, and Market Prices Internet/e-Commerce II Historical Prices Supply and Demand Factors Independent Cost Estimates Cost Analysis Cost Analysis Defined Capabilities of Management Efficiency of Labor Amount and Quality of Subcontracting Plant Capacity Sources of Cost Data Potential Suppliers Supply Partners Cost Models Direct Costs Direct Labor Direct Materials Tooling Costs Learning Curves Cumulative Curve and the Unit Curve Target Cost Estimation Indirect Costs Engineering Overhead Material Overhead Manufacturing Overhead General and Administrative Selling Recovering Indirect Costs Activity-Based Costing Target Costing Profit Resisting Arbitrary Price Increases Summary Appendix A: Application of Learning Curves Appendix B: Discounts Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 17 Methods of Compensation Introduction to Compensation Arrangements Observation Contract Cost Risk Appraisal Technical Risk Contract Schedule Risk General Types of Contract Compensation Arrangements Fixed Price Contracts Incentive Contracts Cost-Reimbursement Contracts Specific Types of Compensation Arrangements Firm Fixed Price Contracts Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contracts Fixed Price Redetermination Contracts Incentive Arrangements Fixed Price Incentive Fee Cost Plus Incentive Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Fixed Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) Cost without Fee Cost Sharing Time and Materials Letter Contracts and Letters of Intent Considerations When Selecting the Method of Compensation Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 18 Negotiations Introduction Objectives of Negotiation Quality Fair and Reasonable Price On-Time Performance Control Cooperation Supplier Relationship Management When to Negotiate Supply Management's Role in Negotiation The Supply Management Professional Acting Alone The Supply Management Professional as the Negotiating Team Leader The Negotiation Process Preparation Establishing Objectives Identify the Desired Type of Relationship Five Powerful Preparation Activities The BATNA The Agenda "Murder Boards" and Mock Negotiations Crib Sheets Draft Agreements Face-to-Face Discussions Fact Finding Recess Narrowing the Differences Hard Bargaining Techniques Universally Applicable Techniques Transactional Techniques Collaborative and Alliance Negotiating Techniques The Debriefing: An Incredible Learning Opportunity Documentation Online Negotiation Advantages to Online Negotiation An Example of a Successful Application of Negotiating Online Drawbacks to Online Negotiation Negotiating for Price Price Analysis Negotiation Cost Analysis Negotiation Characteristics of a Successful Negotiator Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 19 Contract Formation and Legal Issues Litigation Prevention Dispute Resolution Negotiation Mediation Litigation Arbitration Courts Development of Commercial Law Electronic Contract Considerations: Cyber Law Attempts to Revise the UCC Basic Legal Considerations Status of an Agent The Purchase Contract Letters of Intent Special Legal Considerations Inspection Rights Rights of Rejection Title and Risk of Loss Warranties Evergreen Contracts Order Cancellation and Breach of Contract JIT Contracts Honest Mistakes Patent Infringement Restraint of Trade Laws International Considerations Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 20 Contract and Relationship Management Need for Better Contract Management Preaward Conference: The Stage Has Been Set Monitoring and Controlling Project Progress Operations Progress Reports Gantt Charts CPM and PERT Closed-Loop MRP Systems Monitoring and Controlling Total Supplier Performance Supplier Performance Evaluation Motivation Punishment Rewards Assistance Transformational Training Quality Audits and Supply System Reviews Problem Solving Collaboration Managing the Relationship Summary Appendix A: Supplier Reporting Requirements for Unique Major Projects Appendix B: How Critical Path Scheduling Works Appendix C: Supplier Questionnaire Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 21 Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics in the Supply Management Context Professional Supply Management Ethics Principles and Standards of Ethical Supply Management Conduct National and International Supply Management Conduct Important Areas Requiring Amplification Avoid Sharp Practices Competitive Bidding Negotiation Samples Treating Salespeople with Respect Substandard Materials and Services Gifts and Gratuities Management Responsibilities Written Standards Ethics Training and Education Departmental Environment Miscellaneous Factors Dealing with Gray Areas The Four Way Test Social Responsibilities Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 22 Implementing World-Class Purchasing in the Supply Chain Designing an Effective Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Purchasing Planning Function Defining Planning Four Phases of Planning The Organizing Function The Five Basic Steps to Organizing Basic Concepts of Organizing Organizing for Supply Chain Management The Staffing Function The Directing Function Leadership Leadership and the Purchasing Profession The Controlling Function Evaluating the Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Annual Report Risk Management New Focus on Risk Management Appendix A: The Institute for Supply Management Awards for Excellence in Supply Management Appendix B: From Reactive to Proactive Procurement: A Case Study Appendix C: Raytheon Supply Base Optimization, April Appendix D: At Rolls-Royce North America, an Organizational Shift Is the Driving Force Behind an Innovative New Journey to Engage Its Supply Chain Endnotes Suggested Reading Epilogue The Future of Supply Management Index…”

Microeconomics par Pindyck, Robert S.

Table des matières: “…15 (3) Corporate Decision Making: Ford's Sport Utility Vehicles 15 (2) Public Policy Design: Automobile Emission Standards for the Twenty-First Century 17 (1) Summary 18 (1) Questions for Review 18 (1) Exercises 18 (3) The Basics of Supply and Demand 21 (44) Supply and Demand 22 (3) The Supply Curve 22 (1) The Demand Curve 23 (2) The Market Mechanism 25 (1) Changes in Market Equilibrium 26 (8) Elasticities of Supply and Demand 34 (6) Point versus Arc Elasticities 37 (3) Short-Run versus Long-Run Elasticities 40 (9) Demand 40 (5) Supply 45 (4) Understanding and Predicting the Effects of Changing Market Conditions 49 (9) Effects of Government Intervention-Price Controls 58 (3) Summary 61 (1) Questions for Review 61 (1) Exercises 62 (3) Part Two Producers, Consumers, and Competitive Markets 65 (282) Consumer Behavior 67 (44) Consumer Behavior 67 (2) Consumer Preferences 69 (14) Market Baskets 69 (1) Some Basic Assumptions about Preferences 70 (1) Indifference Curves 70 (2) Indifference Maps 72 (2) The Shape of Indifference Curves 74 (1) The Marginal Rate of Substitution 75 (1) Perfect Substitutes and Perfect Complements 76 (7) Budget Constraints 83 (3) The Budget Line 83 (1) The Effects of Changes in Income and Prices 84 (2) Consumer choice 86 (6) Corner Solutions 90 (2) Revealed Preferences 92 (3) Marginal Utility and Consumer Choice 95 (5) Cost-of-Living Indexes 100 (6) Ideal Cost-of-Living Index 101 (1) Laspeyres Index 102 (1) Paasche Index 103 (1) Price Indexes in the United Statics: Chain Weighting 104 (2) Summary 106 (1) Questions for Review 106 (1) Exercises 107 (4) Individual and Market Demand 111 (48) Individual Demand 112 (8) Price Changes 112 (1) The Individual Demand Curve 113 (1) Income Changes 114 (1) Normal versus Inferior Goods 115 (1) Engel Curves 116 (3) Substitutes and Complements 119 (1) Income and Substitution Effects 120 (5) Substitution Effect 121 (1) Income Effect 121 (1) A Special Case: The Giffen Good 122 (3) Market Demand 125 (7) From Individual to Market Demand 125 (2) Elasticity of Demand 127 (5) Consumer Surplus 132 (4) Consumer Surplus and Demand 132 (4) Network Externalities 136 (4) The Bandwagon Effect 136 (1) The Snob Effect 137 (3) Empirical Estimation of Demand 140 (4) The Statistical Approach to Demand Estimation 140 (2) The Form of the Demand Relationship 142 (2) Interview and Experimental Approaches to Demand Determination 144 (1) Summary 144 (1) Questions for Review 145 (1) Exercises 146 (3) Demand Theory---A Mathematical Treatment 149 (8) Utility Maximization 149 (1) The Method of Lagrange Multipliers 150 (1) The Equal Marginal Principle 151 (1) Marginal Rate of Substitution 151 (1) Marginal Utility of Income 152 (1) An Example 152 (2) Duality in Consumer Theory 154 (1) Income and Substitution Effect 155 (2) Exercises 157 (2) Uncertainty and Consumer Behavior 159 (36) Describing Risk 160 (5) Probability 160 (1) Expected Value 161 (1) Variability 161 (2) Decision Making 163 (2) Preferences Toward Risk 165 (5) Different Preferences Toward Risk 167 (3) Reducing Risk 170 (6) Diversification 170 (2) Insurance 172 (2) The Value of Information 174 (2) The Demand for Risky Assets 176 (9) Assets 177 (1) Risky and Riskless Assets 177 (1) Asset Returns 178 (1) The Trade-Off Between Risk and Return 179 (1) The Investor's Choice Problem 180 (5) Behavioral Economics 185 (6) More Complex Preferences 186 (2) Rules of Thumb and Biases in Decision Making 188 (1) Probabilities and Uncertainty 189 (1) Summing Up 189 (2) Summary 191 (1) Questions for Review 191 (1) Exercises 191 (4) Production 195 (26) The Production Decisions of a Firm 195 (1) The Technology of Production 196 (2) The Production Function 197 (1) The Short Run versus the Long Run 197 (1) Production with One Variable Input (Labor) 198 (9) Average and Marginal Products 199 (1) The Slopes of the Product Curve 200 (1) The Average Product of Labor Curve 201 (1) The Marginal Product of Labor Curve 202 (1) The Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns 202 (3) labor Productivity 205 (2) Production with Two Variable Inputs 207 (8) Isoquants 207 (2) Input Flexibility 209 (1) Diminishing Marginal Returns 209 (1) Substitution Among Inputs 209 (2) Production Functions---Two Special Cases 211 (4) Returns to Scale 215 (3) Describing Returns to Scale 215 (3) Summary 218 (1) Questions for Review 218 (1) Exercises 219 (2) The Cost of Production 221 (50) Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? …”

Economics : private & public choice / par Gwartney, James D.

Table des matières: “…329 (2) Measures of Economic Activity Index of Leading Indicators 331 (1) How Are Expectations Formed? …”