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Structured techniques : the basis for CASE / par Martin, James

Table des matières: “…3 (12) Objectives 3 (5) Evolution 8 (3) Mathematical Rigor 11 (1) CASE: Computer-Aided Systems Engineering 12 (1) Important Characteristics 13 (1) Loyalty to Old Techniques 13 (2) 2 Philosophies of Structured Techniques 15 (22) Introduction 15 (1) Basic Principles 15 (5) Basic Principles of Software Engineering 20 (3) The Data-Base Environment 23 (1) Automation of Analysis, Design, and Coding 24 (2) Graphics 26 (1) Provably Correct Constructs 26 (1) Management of Complexity 27 (1) Changing Computer Languages 28 (1) End-User Involvement 28 (2) User-Friendly Structured Techniques 30 (1) The Design Process 30 (7) PART II PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGIES 37 (72) 3 Structured Programming 37 (8) The Shift to Software 37 (1) Introduction of Structured Programming 38 (1) GO TO-less Programming 38 (1) Objectives 39 (1) Definitions 39 (6) 4 Structured Programs 45 (22) Properties of a Structured Program 45 (1) Limited Control Constructs 45 (3) Nested IF 48 (1) Case Statement 49 (1) Escape 50 (1) Highest-Level Control Constructs 50 (1) Standardized Module Format 51 (1) Hierarchical Organization 51 (1) Program Control Structure 52 (1) Program Paths 53 (1) Documentation 54 (5) Indentation 59 (1) Structured Coding Standards 59 (8) 5 Modular Programming and Control of Complexity 67 (16) Divide and Conquer 67 (1) Program Modules 67 (1) Black Box Model 68 (1) Modularization Schemes 68 (2) Module Size 70 (1) Complexity Metrics 70 (5) Module Relationships 75 (5) Program Shape 80 (3) 6 Programming by Stepwise Refinement 83 (8) Changing Programming from Craft to Science 83 (1) Stepwise Refinement 83 (1) Levels of Abstraction 84 (1) An Example of the Refinement Process 85 (6) 7 Top-Down, Bottom-Up, and Structured Programming 91 (12) Structured Programming Methodologies 91 (1) Top-Down Programming 91 (4) Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Programming 95 (1) Bottom-Up Programming 96 (2) Choosing a Development Approach 98 (1) Combinations 99 (4) 8 Commentary on Structured Programming Methodologies 103 (6) The Problem of Programming in the Large 103 (1) Program Complexity 103 (1) The Absence of Rigor 104 (1) Recommendation 105 (4) PART III DIAGRAMMING TECHNIQUES 109 (290) 9 Diagrams and Clear Thinking 109 (14) Introduction 109 (1) Changing Methods 110 (1) Categories of Structured Diagrams 111 (1) End-User Involvement 111 (6) Program Documentation Tools 117 (1) Utility of Documentation 118 (2) Computer-Aided Diagramming 120 (1) Functions of Structured Diagrams 120 (3) 10 Forms of Structured Diagrams 123 (26) Introduction 123 (1) Forms of Tree Structure 123 (2) Inhibition of Change 125 (1) Left-to-Right Trees 126 (5) Sequence of Operations 131 (1) Mesh-Structured Diagrams 131 (2) COW Charts 133 (1) Nested Charts 134 (4) Data-Model Charts 138 (3) Root Nodes 141 (1) Find the Trees 142 (3) Computer Magic 145 (1) Symbols with Obvious Meaning 145 (3) Summary 148 (1) 11 Data Flow Diagrams 149 (16) Introduction 149 (1) Defining Data Flow 149 (1) Components of a DFD 149 (3) Leveling a DFD 152 (2) Process Specification and Data Dictionary 154 (1) Gane and Sarson Notation 155 (3) Use of Computer Graphics 158 (5) Commentary 163 (1) Data Layering 164 (1) 12 Three Species of Functional Decomposition 165 (16) Introduction 165 (1) Levels of Thoroughness in Functional Decomposition 165 (1) Species I Functional Decomposition: Corporate Model 166 (4) Species II Functional Decomposition 170 (6) Species III Functional Decomposition 176 (1) Commentary 177 (4) 13 Structure Charts 181 (10) Hierarchical Diagram 181 (1) Components of a Structure Chart 181 (2) Control Relationships 183 (1) Common Modules 183 (1) Library Modules 184 (1) Data Transfer 184 (2) Sequence, Selection, and Iteration 186 (2) Transaction Center 188 (1) Computer Graphics 188 (3) 14 HIPO Diagrams 191 (6) Introduction 191 (1) Diagram Components 192 (2) Analysis and Design Tools 194 (1) Commentary 194 (3) 15 Warnier-Orr Diagrams 197 (10) Introduction 197 (1) Representation of Data 197 (2) Representation of Program Structure 199 (2) Critique of Warnier-Orr Diagrams 201 (6) 16 Michael Jackson Diagrams 207 (12) Introduction 207 (1) Tree-Structure Diagrams 207 (2) Data-Structure Diagrams 209 (2) Program-Structure Diagrams 211 (1) System Network Diagram 212 (1) From Data to Programs 213 (1) Critique of Jackson Diagrams 214 (5) 17 Flowcharts 219 (8) Overview Versus Detailed Structure 219 (1) Flowcharts 220 (2) Flowchart Symbols 222 (1) Critique of Flowcharts 222 (5) 18 Structured English and Pseudocode 227 (12) Introduction 227 (1) Why Should English Be Structured? …”

The Judicial House of Lords 1876-2009 /

Table des matières: “…Brodie, Ronan Keane, Brice Dickson -- The interplay with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council / Kenneth Keith -- The old commonwealth / Michael Kirby ... [et al.] -- Reflections from the new commonwealth / Fred Phillips.…”

The Oxford handbook of public policy