Search Results - Channel 4

Marketing channels /

Table of Contents: “…Segmentation for Marketing Channel Design: Service Outputs. 4. Supply-Side Channel Analysis: Channel Flows and Efficiency Analysis. 5. …”

How to market books : the essential guide to maximizing profit and exploiting all channels to market / by Baverstock, Alison

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Marketing management and strategy by Doyle,Peter

Table of Contents: “…191 (4) Strategic opportunities for fast innovators 195 (2) Barriers to innovation 197 (2) Organizing for innovation 199 (4) New product development process 203 (9) Customer adoption process 212 (4) Summary 216 (1) Questions 216 (1) Notes 216 (2) Pricing policy: delivering value 218 (21) Assessing price competitiveness 220 (2) Establishing initial prices 222 (9) Initiating price changes 231 (3) Controlling reseller mark-ups 234 (3) Summary 237 (1) Questions 238 (1) Notes 238 (1) Communications strategy 239 (39) Introduction 239 (2) Communications and buyer behaviour 241 (11) Advertising planning 252 (13) Direct response marketing 265 (2) Interactive marketing 267 (2) Sales promotion 269 (3) Public relations 272 (2) Determining the communications mix 274 (2) Summary 276 (1) Questions 276 (1) Notes 277 (1) Managing personal selling 278 (33) Salesforce objectives 279 (2) Salesforce strategy 281 (4) Structure and size 285 (5) Allocation of resources 290 (2) Sales management 292 (6) The selling process 298 (5) Negotiations 303 (4) Managing account relationships 307 (2) Summary 309 (1) Questions 309 (1) Notes 309 (2) Managing marketing channels 311 (27) The role of channels 312 (3) Designing distribution channels 315 (5) Managing distribution channels 320 (4) Channel evolution 324 (4) Organizing distribution 328 (9) Summary 337 (1) Questions 337 (1) Notes 337 (1) Marketing in service businesses 338 (32) Nature of services 339 (3) Service characteristics 342 (4) Service tasks 346 (6) Services marketing strategy 352 (16) Summary 368 (1) Questions 368 (1) Notes 369 (1) Turnaround management 370 (31) Short-versus long-term improvements 371 (2) Types of industry change 373 (3) Some financial concepts 376 (4) Consolidation phase 380 (9) Transformation programme 389 (10) Summary 399 (1) Questions 400 (1) Notes 400 (1) Marketing in the twenty-first century 401 (20) Marketing: a recapitulation 401 (4) Changing marketing environment 405 (3) Changing marketing strategies 408 (4) Changing organizations for marketing 412 (3) Towards a partnership mentality 415 (2) Implementing marketing 417 (2) Summary 419 (1) Questions 420 (1) Notes 420 (1) Further reading 421 (8) Index of authors and firms 429 (5) Index of subjects 434…”

Marketing : the core / by Kerin, Roger A.

Table of Contents: “…Part 1: Initiating the Marketing ProcessChapter 1:Developing Customer Relationships and Value through MarketingChapter 2:Chapter 2: Linking Marketing and Corporate StrategiesChapter 3: Scanning the Marketing EnvironmentChapter 4:Ethics and Social Responsibility in MarketingPart 2: Understanding Buyers and MarketsChapter 5:Consumer BehaviorChapter 6:Organizational Markets and Buying BehaviorChapter 7:Reaching Global MarketsPart 3: Targeting Marketing OpportunitiesChapter 8: Turning Marketing Information into ActionChapter 9:Identifying Market Segments and TargetsPart 4: Satisfying Marketing OpportunitiesChapter 10:Developing New Products and ServicesChapter 11:Managing Products, Services, and BrandsChapter 12:Pricing Products and ServicesChapter 13:Managing Marketing Channels and Supply ChainsChapter 14:Retailing and WholesalingChapter 15:Integrated Marketing, Communications, and Direct MarketingChapter 16:Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations Chapter 17:Personal Selling and Sales ManagementChapter 18:Implementing Interactive and Multi-Channel MarketingAppendix A: Creating an Effective Marketing Plan…”

Product management / by Lehmann, Donald R.

Table of Contents: “…Defining the Competitive Set 4. Category Attractiveness Analysis 5. Competitor Analysis 6. …”
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Strategic marketing management by Lambin, Jean-Jacques

Table of Contents: “…Part 3 Marketing strategy development: need analysis through market segmentation; market attractiveness analysis; competitive analysis; formulating a marketing strategy; the strategic marketing plan. Part 4 Strategic marketing in action: new product decisions; distribution channel decisions; strategic pricing decisions; strategic communication decisions. …”

Basic marketing : a global-managerial approach / by Perreault, William D.

Table of Contents: “…Chapter 1:Marketing's Value to Consumers, Firms, and SocietyChapter 2:Marketing Strategy PlanningChapter 3:Focusing Marketing Strategy with Segmentation and PositioningChapter 4:Evaluating Opportunities in the Changing Marketing EnvironmentChapter 5:Demographic Dimensions of Global Consumer MarketsChapter 6:Behavioral Dimensions of the Consumer MarketChapter 7:Business and Organizational Customers and Their Buying BehaviorChapter 8:Improving Decisions with Marketing InformationChapter 9:Elements of product Planning for Goods and ServicesChapter 10:Product Management and New-Product DevelopmentChapter 11:Place and Development of Channel SystemsChapter 12:Distribution Customer Service and LogisticsChapter 13:Retailers, Wholesalers, and Their Strategy PlanningChapter 14:Promotion-Introduction to Integrated Marketing CommunicationsChapter 15:Personal SellingChapter 16:Advertising and Sales PromotionChapter 17:Pricing Objectives and PoliciesChapter 18:Price Setting in the Business WorldChapter 19:Implementing and Controlling Market Plans: Evolution and RevolutionChapter 20:Managing Marketing's Link with Other Functional AreasChapter 21:Developing Innovative Marketing PlansChapter 22:Ethical Marketing in a Consumer-Oriented World: Appraisal and ChallengesAppendix A:Economics FundamentalsAppendix B:Marketing ArithmeticAppendix C:Career Planning in Marketing…”

Marketing foundations by Pride, William M

Table of Contents: “…USING TECHNOLOGY FOR CONSUMER RELATIONSHIPS IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT.4. E-Marketing and Customer Relationship Management.5. …”

Business marketing management : a strategic view of industrial and organizational markets / by Hutt, Michael D.

Table of Contents: “…Organizational buying behavior 4. Customer relationship management strategies for business markets 5. …”

Marketing management by Lancaster Geoff

Table of Contents: “…Chapter 1: The development of a Strategic approach to Marketing Chapter 2: Analysing the environment: opportunities and threats Chapter 3: Appraising resources: Strengths and Weaknesses Chapter 4: Strategic marketing planning tools Chapter 5: Markets and customers: buyer behaviour and marketing strategy Chapter 6: Markets and customers: market boundaries and target marketing Chapter 7: Product and innovation strategies Chapter 8: Pricing strategies Chapter 9: Promotional strategy Chapter 10: Channels of distribution Chapter 11: Logistics Chapter 12: Sales Management Chapter 13: Marketing information systems Chapter 14: Sales forecasting Chapter 15: Implementing strategic marketing: organization and resources Chapter 16: Evaluating and controlling strategic marketing Chapter 17: Services marketing: Relationship marketing Chapter 18: International marketing Analysing Case Studies Glossary of key terms Index…”

Fundamentals of marketing / by Stanton, William J.

Table of Contents: “…Part 5 Distribution; channels of distribution process; retailing; wholesaling and physical distribution. …”

Computer networks by Tanenbaum Andrew S.

Table of Contents: “…Example Data Link Protocols. Summary.4. The Medium Access Control Sublayer. The Channel Allocation Problem. …”

A preface to marketing management / by Peter, J. Paul

Table of Contents: “…3 (1) What Is Strategic Planning? 4 (9) Strategic Planning and Marketing Management 4 (1) The Strategic Planning Process 5 (8) The Complete Strategic Plan 13 (1) The Marketing Management Process 13 (5) Situation Analysis 14 (2) Marketing Planning 16 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 18 (1) Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research 18 (1) The Strategic Plan, the Marketing Plan, and Other Functional Area Plans 18 (2) Marketing's Role in Cross-Functional Strategic Planning 18 (2) Conclusion 20 (3) Appendix Portfolio Models 23 (4) PART B MARKETING INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKET 27 (50) Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making 28 (12) The Role of Marketing Research 28 (1) The Marketing Research Process 29 (9) Purpose of the Research 29 (1) Plan of the Research 30 (5) Performance of the Research 35 (1) Processing of Research Data 35 (1) Preparation of the Research Report 36 (1) Limitations of the Research Process 36 (2) Marketing Information Systems 38 (1) Conclusion 39 (1) Consumer Behavior 40 (13) Social Influences on Consumer Decision Making 41 (2) Culture and Subculture 41 (1) Social Class 42 (1) Reference Groups and Families 43 (1) Marketing Influences on Consumer Decision Making 43 (2) Product Influences 43 (1) Price Influences 43 (1) Promotion Influences 44 (1) Place Influences 44 (1) Situational Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Psychological Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Product Knowledge 45 (1) Product Involvement 46 (1) Consumer Decision Making 46 (6) Need Recognition 47 (1) Alternative Search 48 (1) Alternative Evaluation 49 (1) Purchase Decision 49 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 50 (2) Conclusion 52 (1) Business, Government, and Institutional Buying 53 (11) Categories of Organizational Buyers 53 (1) Producers 53 (1) Intermediaries 54 (1) Government Agencies 54 (1) Other Institutions 54 (1) The Organizational Buying Process 54 (1) Purchase-Type Influences on Organizational Buying 55 (1) Straight Rebuy 55 (1) Modified Rebuy 55 (1) New Task Purchase 55 (1) Structural Influences on Organizational Buying 56 (2) Purchasing Roles 56 (1) Organization-Specific Factors 57 (1) Purchasing Policies and Procedures 57 (1) Behavioral Influences on Organizational Buying 58 (2) Personal Motivations 58 (1) Role Perceptions 58 (2) Stages in the Organizational Buying Process 60 (3) Organizational Need 61 (1) Vendor Analysis 61 (1) Purchase Activities 61 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 61 (2) Conclusion 63 (1) Market Segmentation 64 (13) Delineate the Firm's Current Situation 64 (1) Determine Consumer Needs and Wants 65 (1) Divide Markets on Relevant Dimensions 65 (8) A Priori versus Post Hoc Segmentation 66 (1) Relevance of Segmentation Dimensions 66 (1) Bases for Segmentation 67 (6) Develop Product Positioning 73 (1) Decide Segmentation Strategy 74 (1) Design Marketing Mix Strategy 75 (1) Conclusion 76 (1) PART C THE MARKETING MIX 77 (90) Product and Brand Strategy 78 (16) Basic Issues in Product Management 78 (9) Product Definition 78 (1) Product Classification 79 (1) Product Quality and Value 80 (1) Product Mix and Product Line 81 (1) Branding and Brand Equity 82 (4) Packaging 86 (1) Product Life Cycle 87 (2) Product Adoption and Diffusion 89 (1) The Product Audit 90 (2) Deletions 90 (1) Product Improvement 90 (2) Organizing for Product Management 92 (1) Conclusion 93 (1) New Product Planning and Development 94 (13) New Product Strategy 95 (2) New Product Planning and Development Process 97 (5) Idea Generation 97 (2) Idea Screening 99 (1) Project Planning 99 (1) Product Development 100 (1) Test Marketing 100 (1) Commercialization 101 (1) The Importance of Time 101 (1) Some Important New Product Decisions 102 (3) Quality Level 102 (2) Product Features 104 (1) Product Design 104 (1) Product Safety 104 (1) Causes of New Product Failure 105 (1) Need for Research 105 (1) Conclusion 106 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications: Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, and Direct Marketing 107 (19) Strategic Goals of Marketing Communication 107 (1) Create Awareness 107 (1) Build Positive Images 108 (1) Identify Prospects 108 (1) Build Channel Relationships 108 (1) Retain Customers 108 (1) The Promotion Mix 108 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications 109 (2) Advertising: Planning and Strategy 111 (1) Objectives of Advertising 111 (1) Advertising Decisions 112 (7) The Expenditure Question 113 (2) The Allocation Question 115 (4) Sales Promotion 119 (4) Push versus Pull Marketing 119 (2) Trade Sales Promotions 121 (1) Consumer Promotions 121 (1) What Sales Promotion Can and Can't Do 121 (2) Public Relations 123 (1) Direct Marketing 123 (1) Conclusion 124 (1) Appendix: Major Federal Agencies Involved in Control of Advertising 125 (1) Personal Selling, Relationship Building, and Sales Management 126 (15) Importance of Personal Selling 126 (1) The Sales Process 127 (7) Objectives of the Sales Force 127 (1) The Sales Relationship-Building Process 128 (5) People Who Support the Sales Force 133 (1) Managing the Sales and Relationship-Building Process 134 (6) The Sales Management Task 135 (1) Controlling the Sales Force 136 (3) Motivating and Compensating Performance 139 (1) Conclusion 140 (1) Distribution Strategy 141 (16) The Need for Marketing Intermediaries 141 (1) Classification of Marketing Intermediaries and Functions 141 (2) Channels of Distribution 143 (1) Selecting Channels of Distribution 144 (3) Specific Considerations 144 (3) Managing a Channel of Distribution 147 (3) Relationship Marketing in Channels 147 (1) Vertical Marketing Systems 147 (3) Wholesaling 150 (1) Store and Nonstore Retailing 151 (4) Store Retailing 151 (1) Nonstore Retailing 152 (3) Conclusion 155 (2) Pricing Strategy 157 (10) Demand Influences on Pricing Decisions 157 (2) Demographic Factors 157 (1) Psychological Factors 157 (1) Price Elasticity 158 (1) Supply Influences on Pricing Decisions 159 (3) Pricing Objectives 159 (1) Cost Considerations in Pricing 159 (2) Product Considerations in Pricing 161 (1) Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions 162 (1) Competition 162 (1) Government Regulations 162 (1) A General Pricing Model 163 (3) Set Pricing Objectives 163 (1) Evaluate Product-Price Relationships 163 (1) Estimate Costs and Other Price Limitations 164 (1) Analyze Profit Potential 165 (1) Set Initial Price Structure 165 (1) Change Price as Needed 166 (1) Conclusion 166 (1) PART D MARKETING IN SPECIAL FIELDS 167 (32) The Marketing of Services 168 (15) Important Characteristics of Services 170 (4) Intangibility 170 (1) Inseparability 171 (1) Perishability and Fluctuating Demand 172 (1) Client Relationship 172 (1) Customer Effort 173 (1) Uniformity 174 (1) Providing Quality Services 174 (2) Customer Satisfaction Measurement 175 (1) The Importance of Internal Marketing 175 (1) Overcoming the Obstacles in Service Marketing 176 (2) Limited View of Marketing 177 (1) Limited Competition 177 (1) Noncreative Management 177 (1) No Obsolescence 178 (1) The Service Challenge 178 (4) Banking 179 (1) Health Care 179 (1) Insurance 180 (1) Travel 180 (1) Implications for Service Marketers 181 (1) Conclusion 182 (1) Global Marketing 183 (16) The Competitive Advantage of Nations 184 (1) Organizing for Global Marketing 185 (5) Problems with Entering Foreign Markets 185 (2) Organizing the Multinational Company 187 (3) Programming for Global Marketing 190 (5) Global Marketing Research 190 (2) Global Product Strategy 192 (1) Global Distribution Strategy 193 (1) Global Pricing Strategy 194 (1) Global Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy 194 (1) Entry and Growth Strategies for Global Marketing 195 (2) Conclusion 197 (2) SECTION II ANALYZING MARKETING PROBLEMS AND CASES 199 (14) A Case Analysis Framework 200 (7) Analyze and Record the Current Situation 201 (4) Analyze and Record Problems and Their Core Elements 205 (1) Formulate, Evaluate, and Record Alternative Courses of Action 206 (1) Select and Record the Chosen Alternative and Implementation Details 206 (1) Pitfalls to Avoid in Case Analysis 207 (1) Communicating Case Analyses 208 (4) The Written Report 209 (2) The Oral Presentation 211 (1) Conclusion 212 (1) SECTION III FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING DECISIONS 213 (10) Financial Analysis 214 (8) Break-Even Analysis 214 (2) Net Present Value Analysis 216 (2) Ratio Analysis 218 (4) Conclusion 222 (1) SECTION IV DEVELOPING MARKETING PLANS 223 (12) A Marketing Plan Framework 224 (9) Title Page 225 (1) Executive Summary 225 (1) Table of Contents 226 (1) Introduction 226 (1) Situational Analysis 226 (1) Marketing Planning 226 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 228 (2) Summary 230 (1) Appendix---Financial Analysis 230 (3) References 233 (1) Conclusion 233 (2) Chapter Notes 235 (7) Index 242…”

International marketing / by Cateora, Philip R.

Table of Contents: “…Part I An Overview The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing The Dynamic Environment of International Trade Part II The Cultural Environment of Global Markets History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global Markets Culture, Management Style, and Business Systems The Political Environment: A Critical Concern The International Legal Environment: Playing by the Rules Part III Assessing Global Market Opportunities Developing a Global Vision through Market Research Emerging Markets Multinational Market Regions and Market Groups Part IV Developing Global Marketing Strategies Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organization Products and Services for Consumers Products and Consumers for Businesses I nternational Marketing Channels Exporting and Logistics: Special Issues for Business Integrated Marketing Communications and International Advertising Personal Selling and Sales Management Pricing for International Markets Part V Implementing Global Marketing Strategies Negotiating with International Customers, Partners, and Regulators Part VI Supplementary Material The Country Notebook Cases…”
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Marketing management / by Kotler, Philip

Table of Contents: “…Capturing Marketing Insights: Chapter 3 Gathering Information & Scanning the Environment Chapter 4 Conducting Marketing Research & Forecasting Demand Part III. …”

E-business and e-commerce management : strategy, implementation, and practice by Chaffey, Dave

Table of Contents: “…43 (2) Marketplace channel structures 45 (2) Different types of online intermediary 47 (3) The importance of multi-channel marketplace models 50 (1) Focus on portals 51 (3) Types of portals 51 (2) The importance of search engines 53 (1) Location of trading in the marketplace 54 (3) Commercial arrangements for transactions 57 (1) Focus on auctions 58 (3) Case Study 2.1 The impact of B2B reverse auctions 60 (1) Business models for e-commerce 61 (2) Revenue models 63 (4) Publisher revenue models 63 (4) Focus on Internet start-up companies -- the `dot-coms' 67 (9) From `bricks and mortar' to `clicks and mortar' 67 (1) Assessing dot-com businesses 67 (1) Valuing Internet start-ups 68 (2) Case Study 2.2 lastminute.com - an international dot-com survivor 70 (2) The dot-com bubble bursts 72 (1) Why dot-coms failed 72 (2) The impact of the dot-com phenomenon on traditional organizations 74 (1) Case Study 2.3 Zopa launches a new lending model 75 (1) Summary 76 (1) Exercises 77 (1) References 78 (1) Further reading 79 (1) Web links 80 (1) E-business infrastructure 81 (64) Learning outcomes / Management issues 81 (1) Links to other chapters 81 (1) Introduction 82 (3) What is the Internet? …”

International law and the use of force : cases and materials by O'Connell, Mary Ellen

Table of Contents: “…Tadic 8 (2) Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua 10 (2) Initial Report on the Meaning of Armed Conflict in International Law 12 (2) The Meaning of the Use of Force 14 (1) The Red Crusader 14 (1) The Corfu Channel Case 15 (4) Notes, Questions, and Problems 19 (3) Two Case Studies on the Use of Force 22 (72) The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (1990) 22 (29) UN Security Council, 2932nd meeting, 2 Aug 1990 22 (6) UN Security Council Resolution 660 (1990) 28 (1) Invading Iraqis Seize Kuwait and Its Oil: U.S. …”

100% information literacy success / by Taylor, Terry

Table of Contents: “…-- Steps in effective research -- Step 1 : define the need -- Step 2 : find the information -- Step 3 : evaluate the information -- Step 4 : organize the information -- Step 5 : communicate the information -- 2. …”
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Exploring public relations by Tench, Ralph

Table of Contents: “…322 (2) Segmenting internal publics 324 (2) Organisations: culture, leadership and stragegic change 326 (4) Line manager role: listening andinterpretin 330 (1) Communication channels 331 (2) Ethical Communication 333 (2) Summary 335 (1) Bibliography 336 (2) Managing community involvement programmes 338 (26) Martin Langford Introduction 339 (1) Corporate community involvement (CCI) programmes 339 (3) Employees and community programmes 342 (3) Cause-related marketing (CRM) 345 (6) Developing community programmes 351 (6) Evaluating community programmes 357 (5) Summary 362 (1) Bibliography 362 (1) Websites 363 (1) Issues management 364 (21) Paul Gillions Introudction 365 (1) Issues management: defining the field 365 (2) Context of issues management 367 (3) Action plaaning: a framework for managing issues 370 (13) Summary 383 (1) Bibliography 383 (1) Websites 384 (1) Crisis public relations management 385 (24) Martin Langford Intrdouction 386 (1) Crisis public relations management: the context 386 (1) Crisis public relations management vs operationaleffectiveness 386 (3) Where do crises come from? …”

Integrated advertising, promotion, and marketing communications by Clow, Kenneth E.

Table of Contents: “…Preface xix PART 1 THE IMC FOUNDATION 1 (116) Integrated Marketing Communications 2 (22) Ron Jon Surf Shop: IMC and Brand Building Go to the Beach 2 (2) Overview 4 (2) Communication and IMC Programs 6 (2) Integrated Marketing Communications 8 (1) An Integrated Marketing Communications Plan 9 (1) IMC Components and the Design of this Book 10 (1) The IMC Foundation 10 (3) Advertising Tools 11 (1) IMC Media Tools 11 (1) Promotional Tools 11 (1) Integration Tools 12 (1) Refining the IMC Program 12 (1) The Value of IMC Plans 13 (4) Information Technology 13 (1) Changes in Channel Power 14 (1) Increases in Competition 15 (1) Brand Parity 16 (1) Integration of Information 16 (1) Decline in the Effectiveness of Television Advertising 17 (1) International Implications 17 (7) Corporate Image and Brand Management 24 (32) Gucci: One Strong Brand Works with Others 24 (1) Overview 25 (1) Corporate Image 26 (4) Components of a Corporate Image 26 (1) The Role of a Corporate Image---Consumer Perspective 27 (1) The Role of a Corporate Image--- Business-to-Business Perspective 28 (1) The Role of a Corporate Image---Company Perspective 29 (1) Promoting the Desired Image 30 (2) Creating the Right Image 30 (1) Rejuvenating an Image 31 (1) Changing an Image 31 (1) Corporate Name 32 (1) Corporate Logos 33 (1) Branding 34 (1) Developing a Strong Brand Name 34 (1) Brand Equity 35 (3) Steps to Building Brand Equity 36 (1) Measuring Brand Equity 37 (1) Brand Extensions and Flanker Brands 38 (2) Co-Branding 40 (1) Private Brands 41 (2) Packaging 43 (2) New Trends in Packaging 44 (1) Labels 45 (1) Positioning 45 (3) Other Elements of Positioning 47 (1) Ethical Issues in Brand Management 48 (1) International Implications 49 (7) Buyer Behaviors 56 (32) Apple's iPhone: Dialing Up New Customers 56 (2) Overview 58 (1) Consumer Purchasing Process 58 (1) Information Search 59 (7) Internal Search 59 (1) External Search 59 (2) Consumer Attitudes 61 (2) Consumer Values 63 (1) Cognitive Mapping 64 (2) Evaluation of Alternatives 66 (3) The Evoked Set Method 66 (1) The Multiattribute Approach 67 (1) Affect Referral 68 (1) Trends in the Consumer Buying Environment 69 (3) Age Complexity 69 (1) Gender Complexity 69 (1) Individualism 69 (1) Active, Busy Lifestyles 70 (1) Cocooning 70 (1) Changes in Family Units 71 (1) Pleasure Pursuits 71 (1) Health Emphasis 71 (1) Business-to-Business Buyer Behavior 72 (1) Factors Affecting Members of Business Buying Centers 73 (2) Organizational Influences 73 (1) Individual Factors 73 (2) Types of Business-to-Business Sales 75 (1) The Business-to-Business Buying Process 76 (2) Identification of Needs 76 (1) Establishment of Specifications 77 (1) Identification of Vendors 77 (1) Vendor Evaluation 77 (1) Vendor Selection 78 (1) Negotiation of Terms 78 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 78 (1) Dual Channel Marketing 78 (2) International Implications 80 (8) Promotions Opportunity Analysis 88 (29) PETsMART: It's a Dog's Life (which ain't half bad) 88 (2) Overview 90 (1) Promotions Opportunity Analysis 90 (1) Communication Market Analysis 91 (26) Competitors 91 (1) Opportunities 91 (1) Target Markets 92 (1) Customers 92 (1) Product Positioning 93 (1) Establishing Marketing Communications Objectives 93 (1) Establishing a Communications Budget 94 (2) Types of Budgets 96 (1) The Percentage of Sales Method 96 (1) The Meet-the-Competition Method 97 (1) The ``What We Can Afford'' Method 97 (1) The Objective and Task Method 97 (1) Payout Planning 97 (1) Quantitative Models 98 (1) Budgeting Expenditures 98 (1) Preparing Promotional Strategies 99 (1) Matching Tactics with Strategies 100 (1) Market Segmentation 101 (1) Market Segmentation by Consumer Groups 101 (1) Segments Based on Demographics 102 (2) Psychographics 104 (1) Segments Based on Generations 105 (1) Segmentation by Geographic Area 106 (1) Geodemographic Segmentation 106 (1) Benefit Segmentation 107 (1) Usage Segmentation 107 (1) Business-to-Business Segmentation 108 (1) Segmentation by Industry 108 (1) Segmentation by Size 109 (1) Segmentation by Geographic Location 109 (1) Segmentation by Product Usage 109 (1) Segmentation by Customer Value 110 (1) International Implications 110 (7) PART 2 IMC ADVERTISING TOOLS 117 (90) Advertising Management 118 (1) The Anatomy of a Perfect Pushup 118 (1) Overview 119 (2) Overview of Advertising Management 121 (1) Advertising and the IMC Process 121 (1) Choosing an Advertising Agency 122 (1) Decision Variables 123 (1) External Advertising Agencies 124 (1) Choosing an Agency 125 (1) Goal Setting 125 (1) Selection Criteria 125 (2) Reference Requests 127 (1) Creative Pitch 127 (1) Agency Selection 128 (1) Advertising Planning and Research 129 (1) The Roles of Advertising Account Executives 130 (1) The Roles of Creatives 130 (1) Advertising Campaign Management 131 (1) Communication Market Analysis 131 (1) Advertising Goals 132 (1) Building Brand Image 132 (1) Providing Information 133 (1) Persuasion 133 (1) Supporting Marketing Efforts 133 (1) Encouraging Action 134 (1) The Advertising Budget 134 (1) Media Selection 135 (1) The Creative Brief 135 (1) The Objective 135 (1) The Target Audience 136 (1) The Message Theme 137 (1) The Support 137 (1) The Constraints 137 (1) International Implications 138 (8) Advertising Design: Theoretical Frameworks and Types of Appeals 146 (30) Ecko Enterprises: Dressing the Hip Hop World and Beyond 146 (2) Overview 148 (1) The Creative Brief 148 (1) Advertising Theory 149 (4) Hierarchy of Effects 149 (1) Means-End Theory 150 (1) Leverage Points 151 (1) Verbal and Visual Images 152 (1) Types of Advertising Appeals 153 (14) Fear 154 (1) Humor 155 (2) Sex 157 (5) Musical Appeals 162 (2) Rational Appeals 164 (1) Emotional Appeals 165 (2) Scarcity Appeals 167 (1) The Structure of an Advertisement 167 (2) International Implications 169 (7) Advertising Design: Message Strategies and Executional Frameworks 176 (31) Dove's Social and Fashion Advertising 176 (1) Overview 177 (1) Message Strategies 178 (5) Cognitive Strategies 178 (3) Affective Strategies 181 (1) Conative Strategies 182 (1) Executional Frameworks 183 (5) Animation 183 (1) Slice-of-Life 184 (1) Dramatization 185 (1) Testimonials 185 (1) Authoritative 186 (1) Demonstration 186 (1) Fantasy 187 (1) Informative 188 (1) Sources and Spokespersons 188 (6) Source Characteristics 190 (2) Matching Source Types and Characteristics 192 (2) Creating an Advertisement 194 (1) Advertising Effectiveness 195 (3) Beating Ad Clutter 197 (1) International Implications 198 (9) PART 3 IMC MEDIA TOOLS 207 (88) Traditional Media Channels 208 (34) M&M's: The Sweet Task of Media Selection 208 (2) Overview 210 (1) Media Strategy 210 (1) Media Planning 211 (2) Media Planners 212 (1) Media Buyers 213 (1) Advertising Objectives 213 (3) Achieving Advertising Objectives 216 (3) Recency Theory 217 (2) Media Selection 219 (11) Television 219 (3) Radio 222 (2) Outdoor Advertising 224 (2) Magazines 226 (2) Newspapers 228 (2) Media Mix 230 (1) Media Selection in Business-to-Business Markets 231 (2) International Implications 233 (9) E-active Marketing 242 (28) How Google Has Changed Our Language 242 (1) Overview 243 (1) E-Commerce 244 (2) E-Commerce Components 245 (1) E-Commerce Incentives 246 (3) Financial Incentives 246 (1) Convenience Incentives 247 (1) Value-Added Incentives 248 (1) Consumer Concerns with E-Commerce 249 (2) Seller Opportunism 249 (1) Security Issues 249 (1) Privacy Issues 250 (1) Purchasing Habits 250 (1) Biusiness-to-Business E-Commerce 251 (1) Interactive Marketing 251 (2) Online Advertising 253 (1) Forms of Online Advertising 253 (1) The Impact of Online Advertising 253 (1) Brand Spiraling 253 (1) Blogs 254 (1) Reactions to Negative Comments 254 (1) Company-Sponsored Blogging 255 (1) Online Social Networks 255 (1) Developing a Social Network Presence 256 (1) Consumer-Generated Advertising 256 (1) Consumer-Generated Reviews 257 (1) E-Mail 258 (2) Integration with Other Channels 258 (1) Web Analytics 258 (1) Monitoring Future Actions 259 (1) E-Mail Newsletters 259 (1) Advertising on Other Newsletters 259 (1) Search Engine Optimization 260 (1) Viral Marketing 260 (2) Web Site Design Issues 262 (1) International Implications 262 (8) Shipping Issues 262 (1) Payment Methods 263 (1) Communication Issues 263 (1) Technology Issues 263 (7) Alternative Marketing 270 (25) Red Bull's Buzz 270 (1) Overview 271 (1) Alternative Media Programs 272 (1) Buzz Marketing 272 (2) Consumers Who Like a Brand 273 (1) Sponsored Consumers 273 (1) Company Employees 273 (1) Buzz Marketing Stages 274 (1) Buzz Marketing Preconditions 274 (1) Guerilla Marketing 274 (2) Product Placements and Branded Entertainment 276 (2) Product Placements 276 (1) Branded Entertainment 276 (1) Achieving Success with Individual Consumers 277 (1) Company Tactics 277 (1) The Media's Perspective 278 (1) Lifestyle Marketing 278 (1) Alternative Media Venues 279 (3) Video Game Advertising 279 (1) Benefits of Video Game Advertising 280 (1) Disadvantages of Video Game Advertising 280 (1) Cinema Advertising 280 (1) In-Tunnel Subway Advertising 280 (1) Parking Lot Advertising 281 (1) Escalator Advertising 281 (1) Airline In-Flight Advertising 281 (1) Leaflets and Brochures 281 (1) Carry-Home Menus 281 (1) Carry-Home Bag Advertising 282 (1) Advertising on Clothing 282 (1) Mall Signs 282 (1) Kiosks 282 (1) In-Store Marketing 282 (2) New In-Store Marketing Tactics 283 (1) Point-of-Purchase Tactics 284 (2) Designing Effective POP 284 (1) Measuring POP Effectiveness 285 (1) Combination Approaches 286 (1) Brand Communities 286 (2) International Implications 288 (7) PART 4 IMC PROMOTIONAL TOOLS 295 (86) Database and Direct Response Marketing 296 (28) Levi Strauss & Co.: Using Quality Information to Build Relationships 296 (2) Overview 298 (1) Database Marketing 298 (1) Building a Data Warehouse 299 (2) E-Mail and Internet Data 300 (1) Purchase and Communication Histories 300 (1) Personal Preference Profiles 300 (1) Customer Information Companies 301 (1) Geocoding 301 (1) Database Coding and Analysis 301 (2) Lifetime Value Analysis 301 (1) RFM Analysis 302 (1) Data Mining 303 (1) Database-Driven Marketing Communications 304 (3) Identification Codes 305 (1) Customer Profile Information 305 (1) In-Bound Telemarketing 305 (1) Trawling 306 (1) Lifetime Value Segments 306 (1) Database-Driven Marketing Programs 307 (5) Permission Marketing 307 (2) Frequency Programs 309 (2) Customer Relationship Management 311 (1) Direct Response Marketing 312 (1) Direct Mail 313 (1) Types of Lists 313 (1) Advantages of Direct Mail 314 (1) Disadvantages of Direct Mail 314 (1) Catalogs 314 (1) Direct Response Media 315 (1) Internet 315 (1) Alternative Media 315 (1) Telemarketing 316 (1) International Implications 316 (8) Sales Promotions 324 (30) Sales Promotions and More Hook Fans 324 (2) Overview 326 (1) Consumer Promotions 326 (1) Coupons 327 (3) Coupon Distribution 328 (1) Types of Coupons 328 (1) Problems with Coupons 329 (1) Premiums 330 (1) Types of Premiums 330 (1) Keys to Successful Premium Programs 331 (1) Contests and Sweepstakes 331 (2) Contests 332 (1) Sweepstakes 332 (1) Components of Prizes 332 (1) Goals of Contests and Sweepstakes 333 (1) Refunds and Rebates 333 (1) Sampling 334 (2) Types of Samples 335 (1) Benefits of Sampling 335 (1) Problems with Sampling 335 (1) Successful Sampling Programs 336 (1) Bonus Packs 336 (1) Types of Bonus Packs 336 (1) Benefits of Bonus Packs 336 (1) Problems with Bonus Packs 337 (1) Price-Offs 337 (1) Benefits of Price-Offs 337 (1) Problems with Price-Offs 338 (1) Overlays and Tie-Ins 338 (1) Planning for Consumer Promotions 338 (2) Trade Promotions 340 (7) Trade Allowances 340 (2) Trade Contests 342 (1) Trade Incentives 343 (2) Trade Shows 345 (2) Concerns with Trade Promotions 347 (1) International Implications 348 (6) Public Relations and Sponsorship Programs 354 (27) Everyone's Wild About Harry 354 (1) Overview 355 (1) Public Relations 356 (1) Internal Versus External Public Relations 356 (1) Public Relations Tools 356 (1) Public Relations Functions 357 (1) Identifying Stakeholders 357 (2) Internal Stakeholders 358 (1) External Stakeholders 358 (1) Assessing Corporate Reputation 359 (1) Auditing Corporate Social Responsibility 360 (1) Creating Positive Image-Building Activities 360 (4) Cause-Related Marketing 361 (2) Green Marketing and Pro-Environmental Activities 363 (1) Preventing or Reducing Image Damage 364 (4) Proactive Prevention Strategies 365 (1) Reactive Damage-Control Strategies 365 (3) Sponsorships 368 (2) Forms of Sponsorships 368 (1) Choosing Sponsorships 369 (1) Sponsorship Objectives 370 (1) Event Marketing 370 (3) Determining Objectives 371 (1) Matching the Event to Publics 371 (1) Promoting the Event 371 (1) Advertising at the Event 371 (1) Tracking Results 372 (1) Cross-Promotions 372 (1) International Implications 373 (8) PART 5 IMC ETHICS, REGULATION, AND EVALUATION 381 (57) Regulations and Ethical Concerns 382 (26) A Salty Situation 382 (1) Overview 383 (1) Marketing Communications Regulations 384 (6) Governmental Regulatory Agencies 384 (1) The Federal Trade Commission 385 (1) Unfair and Deceptive Marketing Practices 385 (1) Deception Versus Puffery 385 (1) Substantiation of Marketing Claims 386 (1) How Investigations Begin 387 (1) Consent Orders 388 (1) Administrative Complaints 388 (1) Courts and Legal Channels 388 (1) Corrective Advertising 389 (1) Trade Regulation Rulings 389 (1) Industry Oversight of Marketing Practices 390 (2) Council of Better Business Bureaus 390 (1) National Advertising Division 390 (1) National Advertising Review Board 391 (1) Children's Advertising Review Unit 391 (1) Ethics and Social Responsibility 392 (3) Ethics and Advertising 393 (1) Perpetuating Stereotypes 393 (1) Advertising Unsafe Products 394 (1) Offensive Advertisements 394 (1) Advertising to Children 395 (1) Marketing and Ethics 395 (2) Brand Infringement 395 (1) Medical Marketing and Advertising 396 (1) Gifts and Bribery in Business-to-Business Marketing Programs 396 (1) Internet Marketing: Spamming and Cookies 397 (1) Responding to Ethical Challenges 397 (2) Ethical Frameworks 398 (1) Social Responsibility 399 (1) Social Responsibility Perspectives 399 (1) Ethics Programs 400 (1) Ethics Training Programs 400 (1) Codes of Ethics 400 (1) Ethics Consulting Systems 401 (1) International Implications 401 (7) Evaluating an Integrated Marketing Program 408 (30) Pretesting for Effectiveness: The New High-Tech World of Advertising Design 408 (1) Overview 409 (1) Matching Methods with IMC Objectives 410 (1) Message Evaluations 411 (10) Concept Testing 412 (1) Copytesting 413 (1) Recall Tests 414 (2) Recognition Tests 416 (1) Attitude and Opinion Tests 417 (1) Emotional Reaction Tests 418 (1) Physiological Arousal Tests 419 (1) Persuasion Analysis 420 (1) Evaluation Criteria 421 (2) Behavioral Evaluations 423 (5) Sales and Response Rates 423 (2) Online Metrics 425 (1) Test Markets 426 (2) Purchase Simulation Tests 428 (1) Evaluating Public Relations Activities 428 (2) Evaluating the Overall IMC Program 430 (1) International Implications 431 (7) Name/Organization Index 438 (8) Subject Index 446…”