检索结果 - (functional OR functions) relationship model

Database systems : introduction to databases and data warehouses / 由 Jukic, Nenad

书本目录: “...Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction Initial Terminology Steps in the Development of Database Systems Database Requirements Collection, Definition, and Visualization Database Modeling Database Implementation Developing Front-End Applications Database Deployment Database Use Database Administration and Maintenance The Next Version of the Database Database Scope People Involved with Database Systems Database Analysts, Designers, and Developers Front-End Applications Analysts and Developers Database Administrators Database End Users Operational versus Analytical Databases Relational DBMS Book Topics Overview Key Terms Review Questions ch. 2 Database Requirements And ER Modeling Introduction Basic ER Modeling Constructs Entities Attributes (Unique and Non-Unique) Relationships Cardinality Constraints Types of Relationships (Maximum Cardinality-Wise). ...”

Database concepts / 由 Kroenke, David M.

书本目录: “...16 (6) Functions of an Application Program 17 (1) Functions of a DBMS 18 (1) Definition and Components of a Database 19 (2) Desktop Versus Organizational Database Systems 21 (1) How to Build a Database System 22 (2) Building a Data Model 22 (1) Creating a Database Design 23 (1) Implementing a Database 24 (1) Summary 24 (2) Review Questions 26 (1) Exercises 27 (1) Garden Glory Project Questions 28 (1) James River Jewelry Project Questions 28 (2) The Relational Model 30 (24) Chapter Objectives 30 (1) Relations 31 (2) A Sample Relation and Two Nonrelations 31 (1) A Note on Terminology 32 (1) Types of Keys 33 (8) Composite Keys 34 (1) Primary and Candidate Keys 34 (1) Foreign Keys and Referential Integrity 34 (4) Surrogate Keys 38 (3) Functional Dependencies and Normalization 41 (6) Functional Dependencies 41 (1) Primary and Candidate Keys Revisited 42 (1) Normalization 43 (1) Relational Design Principles 44 (1) Normalization Examples 44 (3) The Problem of Null Values 47 (1) Summary 48 (1) Review Questions 49 (1) Exercises 50 (1) Garden Glory Project Questions 51 (1) James River Jewelry Project Questions 52 (2) Structured Query Language 54 (31) Chapter Objectives 54 (1) A Sample Database 55 (2) SQL for Data Definition 57 (4) Defining Primary Keys with the ALTER TABLE Statement 59 (1) Defining Foreign Keys with the ALTER TABLE Statement 59 (1) Submitting SQL to the DBMS 59 (1) DROP Statements 60 (1) SQL for Relational Query 61 (14) Reading Specified Columns from a Single Table 62 (1) Reading Specified Rows from a Single Table 62 (2) Reading Specified Columns and Specified Rows from a Single Table 64 (1) Ranges, Wildcards, and Nulls in WHERE Clauses 65 (1) Sorting the Results 66 (1) SQL Built-In Functions 67 (2) Built-In Functions and Groupings 69 (1) Querying Multiple Tables with Subqueries 70 (1) Querying Multiple Tables with Joins 71 (3) Outer Joins 74 (1) SQL for Relational Data Modification 75 (3) Inserting Data 75 (1) Modifying Data 76 (1) Deleting Data 77 (1) Summary 78 (1) Review Questions 79 (2) Exercises 81 (1) Garden Glory Project Questions 81 (1) James River Jewelry Project Questions 82 (3) PART 2 DATABASE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT 85 (80) Data Modeling and the Entity-Relationship Model 86 (24) Chapter Objectives 86 (1) The Requirements Stage 87 (1) The Entity-Relationship Data Model 88 (6) Entities 88 (1) Attributes 89 (1) Identifiers 89 (1) Relationships 90 (1) Three Types of Binary Relationships 90 (1) Recursive Relationships 91 (1) Entity-Relationship Diagrams 92 (1) Weak Entities 92 (2) Unified Modeling Language Entity-Relationship Diagrams 94 (2) UML Entities and Relationships 94 (1) UML Representation of Weak Entities 95 (1) An Example 96 (10) Heather Sweeney Designs 96 (1) The Seminar Customer List 97 (1) The Customer Form Letter 98 (3) The Sales Invoice 101 (2) Attribute Specifications 103 (1) Business Rules 103 (1) Validating the Data Model 104 (2) Summary 106 (1) Review Questions 107 (1) Exercises 108 (1) Garden Glory Project Questions 108 (1) James River Jewelry Project Questions 109 (1) Database Design 110 (25) Chapter Objectives 110 (1) Representing Entities with the Relational Model 111 (6) Normalization, Second Verse 112 (1) Normal Forms 113 (1) Domain/Key Normal Form 113 (1) Using Normalization Criteria 114 (1) Denormalization 115 (1) Representing Weak Entities 115 (2) Representing Relationships 117 (10) Representing One-to-One Relationships 117 (2) Questionable One-to-One Relationships 119 (1) Representing One-to-Many Relationships 119 (2) Representing Many-to-Many Relationships 121 (2) Representing Recursive Relationships 123 (4) Database Design at Heather Sweeney Designs 127 (4) Weak Entities 128 (1) Relationships 128 (1) Enforcing Referential Integrity 129 (2) Summary 131 (1) Review Questions 131 (2) Exercises 133 (1) Garden Glory Project Questions 133 (1) James River Jewelry Project Questions 134 (1) Database Administration 135 (30) Chapter Objectives 135 (1) The Database Processing Environment 136 (4) Queries, Forms, and Reports 136 (1) Internet Application Processing 137 (1) Client/Server and Traditional Application Processing 138 (1) Stored Procedures and Triggers 138 (1) The Need for Control, Security and Reliability 139 (1) Concurrency Control 140 (10) The Need for Atomic Transactions 140 (1) Concurrent Transaction Processing 141 (2) The Lost Update Problem 143 (1) Concurrency Problems: Dirty Reads, Inconsistent Reads, Phantom Reads 143 (1) Resource Locking 144 (1) Lock Terminology 144 (1) Serializable Transactions 145 (1) Deadlock 145 (1) Optimistic Versus Pessimistic Locking 146 (1) Declaring Lock Characteristics 147 (1) Consistent Transactions 148 (1) Transaction Isolation Level 149 (1) Database Security 150 (3) Processing Rights and Responsibilities 150 (1) DBMS Security 151 (1) Application Security 152 (1) Database Backup and Recovery 153 (4) Recovery via Reprocessing 153 (1) Recovery via Rollback and Rollforward 154 (3) Additional DBA Responsibilities 157 (1) Summary 158 (1) Review Questions 159 (2) Exercises 161 (1) Garden Glory Project Questions 162 (1) James River Jewelry Project Questions 163 (2) Appendix Database Processing with Microsoft Access 165 (40) Appendix Objectives 165 (1) Database Schema for Carbon River Construction 166 (2) Carbon River Schema Data Structure Diagram 167 (1) Column Design 167 (1) Creating Tables and Relationships Using Access 168 (7) Creating Tables 170 (1) Creating Relationships 171 (4) Creating Queries and SQL Statements 175 (6) Creating Simple Queries with the Graphical Tool 175 (5) Action Queries 180 (1) Creating Access Data Entry Forms 181 (9) Creating a Simple Form 181 (2) Using Default Values and Combo Boxes with Forms 183 (5) Looking Up Nonkey Data 188 (2) Creating Access Reports 190 (7) Banded Report Writers 190 (2) Computations in Reports 192 (1) Parameterized Reports 193 (4) Summary 197 (1) Review Questions 198 (2) Exercises 200 (1) Garden Glory Project Questions 201 (1) James River Jewelry Project Questions 202 (3) Glossary 205 (9) Index 214...”

Schaum's Outline of Probability and Statistics, 4th Edition : 897 Solved Problems + 20 Video 由 SPIEGEL, M.

书本目录: “...Chapter 2 Random Variables and Probability Distributions Random Variables Discrete Probability Distributions Distribution Functions for Random Variables Distribution Functions for Discrete Random Variables Continuous Random Variables Graphical Interpretations Joint Distributions Independent Random Variables Change of Variables Probability Distributions of Functions of Random Variables Convolutions Conditional Distributions Applications to Geometric Probability Chapter 3 Mathematical Expectation Definition of Mathematical Expectation Functions of Random Variables Some Theorems on Expectation The Variance and Standard Deviation Some Theorems on Variance Standardized Random Variables Moments Moment Generating Functions Some Theorems on Moment Generating Functions Characteristic Functions Variance for Joint Distributions. ...”

Managerial economics / 由 Gupta, G. S.

书本目录: “...Demand & Revenue Analysis Definition & Types of Demand Determinants & Functions Elasticities & Demand–Revenue Relationships sultanchandandsons.com +5 intlibrary.ir +5 scribd.com +5 3. ...”

Database systems : an application-oriented approach 由 Kifer, Michael

书本目录: “...Features of Modern Database and Transaction Processing SystemsMajor Players in the Implementation and Support of Database and Transaction Processing SystemsDecision Support Systems-OLAP and OLTP Chapter 2 The Big PictureCase Study: A Student Registration SystemIntroduction to Relational DatabasesWhat Makes a Program a Transaction-The ACID PropertiesBibliographic NotesExercises PART TWO Database Management Chapter 3 The Relational Data ModelWhat Is a Data Model?The Relational ModelSQL-Data Definition SublanguageBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 4 Conceptual Modeling of Databases with Entity-Relationship Diagrams and the Unified Modeling LanguageConceptual Modeling with the E-R ApproachEntities and Entity TypesRelationships and Relationship TypesAdvanced Features in Conceptual Data ModelingFrom E-R Diagrams to Relational Database SchemasUML: A New Kid on the BlockA Brokerage Firm ExampleCase Study: A Database Design for the Student Registration SystemLimitations of Data Modeling MethodologiesBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 5 Relational Algebra and SQLRelational Algebra: Under the Hood of SQLThe Query Sublanguage of SQLModifying Relation Instances in SQLBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 6 Database Design with the Relational Normalization TheoryThe Problem of RedundancyDecompositionsFunctional DependenciesProperties of Functional DependenciesNormal FormsProperties of DecompositionsAn Algorithm for BCNF DecompositionSynthesis of 3NF SchemasThe Fourth Normal FormAdvanced 4NF DesignSummary of Normal Form DecompositionCase Study: Schema Refinement for the Student Registration SystemTuning Issues: To Decompose or Not to Decompose?...”

The science of psychology : an appreciative view / 由 King, Laura A.

书本目录: “...Health psychology Biopsychosocial model Relationship between the mind and body Positive life changes Theoretical models of change Stages of change model Tools for effective life change Self-efficacy Motivation Religious faith Cultivating good habits Controlling stress Becoming physically active Eating right Quitting smoking Practicing safe sex Integrating psychology and health and wellness...”

Proactive purchasing in the supply chain : the key to world-class procurement / 由 Burt, David N.

书本目录: “...Strategic Responsibilities Organizational Authority e-Commerce Organizational Structures The Materials Management Organization The Supply Chain Management Structure Organizing with Cross-Functional Teams Budgeting and Staffing Summary Appendix A Benefits Resulting from Cross-Functional Teams Challenges and Problems with the Cross-Functional Approach Prerequisities to Successful Cross-Functional Teams Team Development and Training Appendix B: The Professional Organizations of Supply Chain Management Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 3 Supply Management: An Organization Spanning Activity Supply Management's Relations with Other Departments Supply Management and Engineering Supply Management and Manufacturing and Operations Supply Management and Quality Supply Management and Marketing Supply Management and Finance Supply Management and Information Technology (IT) Supply Management and Logistics Supply Management and Accounts Payable Supply Management and Lawyers Supply Management in Non-Manufacturing Organizations Supply Management in Government Supply Management and the External Environment Business Relationships Monitoring the Supply Environment Completing the Supply Chain Linkage: Supplier Integration with the Customer Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 4 A Portfolio of Relationships A Transformation in Relationships Transactional Relationships Collaborative and Alliance Relationships Collaborative Relationships Supply Alliances Which Relationship Is Appropriate? ...”

An Introduction to social psychology : global perspectives / 由 Alcock, James

书本目录: “...Attitudes, ideologies and values The nature of attitudes Measuring attitudes Ideology Personal and social values Character values Functions of attitudes The relationship between attitudes and behaviour A final note Summary Further reading Weblinks pt. ...”

Structured techniques : the basis for CASE / 由 Martin, James

书本目录: “...3 (12) Objectives 3 (5) Evolution 8 (3) Mathematical Rigor 11 (1) CASE: Computer-Aided Systems Engineering 12 (1) Important Characteristics 13 (1) Loyalty to Old Techniques 13 (2) 2 Philosophies of Structured Techniques 15 (22) Introduction 15 (1) Basic Principles 15 (5) Basic Principles of Software Engineering 20 (3) The Data-Base Environment 23 (1) Automation of Analysis, Design, and Coding 24 (2) Graphics 26 (1) Provably Correct Constructs 26 (1) Management of Complexity 27 (1) Changing Computer Languages 28 (1) End-User Involvement 28 (2) User-Friendly Structured Techniques 30 (1) The Design Process 30 (7) PART II PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGIES 37 (72) 3 Structured Programming 37 (8) The Shift to Software 37 (1) Introduction of Structured Programming 38 (1) GO TO-less Programming 38 (1) Objectives 39 (1) Definitions 39 (6) 4 Structured Programs 45 (22) Properties of a Structured Program 45 (1) Limited Control Constructs 45 (3) Nested IF 48 (1) Case Statement 49 (1) Escape 50 (1) Highest-Level Control Constructs 50 (1) Standardized Module Format 51 (1) Hierarchical Organization 51 (1) Program Control Structure 52 (1) Program Paths 53 (1) Documentation 54 (5) Indentation 59 (1) Structured Coding Standards 59 (8) 5 Modular Programming and Control of Complexity 67 (16) Divide and Conquer 67 (1) Program Modules 67 (1) Black Box Model 68 (1) Modularization Schemes 68 (2) Module Size 70 (1) Complexity Metrics 70 (5) Module Relationships 75 (5) Program Shape 80 (3) 6 Programming by Stepwise Refinement 83 (8) Changing Programming from Craft to Science 83 (1) Stepwise Refinement 83 (1) Levels of Abstraction 84 (1) An Example of the Refinement Process 85 (6) 7 Top-Down, Bottom-Up, and Structured Programming 91 (12) Structured Programming Methodologies 91 (1) Top-Down Programming 91 (4) Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Programming 95 (1) Bottom-Up Programming 96 (2) Choosing a Development Approach 98 (1) Combinations 99 (4) 8 Commentary on Structured Programming Methodologies 103 (6) The Problem of Programming in the Large 103 (1) Program Complexity 103 (1) The Absence of Rigor 104 (1) Recommendation 105 (4) PART III DIAGRAMMING TECHNIQUES 109 (290) 9 Diagrams and Clear Thinking 109 (14) Introduction 109 (1) Changing Methods 110 (1) Categories of Structured Diagrams 111 (1) End-User Involvement 111 (6) Program Documentation Tools 117 (1) Utility of Documentation 118 (2) Computer-Aided Diagramming 120 (1) Functions of Structured Diagrams 120 (3) 10 Forms of Structured Diagrams 123 (26) Introduction 123 (1) Forms of Tree Structure 123 (2) Inhibition of Change 125 (1) Left-to-Right Trees 126 (5) Sequence of Operations 131 (1) Mesh-Structured Diagrams 131 (2) COW Charts 133 (1) Nested Charts 134 (4) Data-Model Charts 138 (3) Root Nodes 141 (1) Find the Trees 142 (3) Computer Magic 145 (1) Symbols with Obvious Meaning 145 (3) Summary 148 (1) 11 Data Flow Diagrams 149 (16) Introduction 149 (1) Defining Data Flow 149 (1) Components of a DFD 149 (3) Leveling a DFD 152 (2) Process Specification and Data Dictionary 154 (1) Gane and Sarson Notation 155 (3) Use of Computer Graphics 158 (5) Commentary 163 (1) Data Layering 164 (1) 12 Three Species of Functional Decomposition 165 (16) Introduction 165 (1) Levels of Thoroughness in Functional Decomposition 165 (1) Species I Functional Decomposition: Corporate Model 166 (4) Species II Functional Decomposition 170 (6) Species III Functional Decomposition 176 (1) Commentary 177 (4) 13 Structure Charts 181 (10) Hierarchical Diagram 181 (1) Components of a Structure Chart 181 (2) Control Relationships 183 (1) Common Modules 183 (1) Library Modules 184 (1) Data Transfer 184 (2) Sequence, Selection, and Iteration 186 (2) Transaction Center 188 (1) Computer Graphics 188 (3) 14 HIPO Diagrams 191 (6) Introduction 191 (1) Diagram Components 192 (2) Analysis and Design Tools 194 (1) Commentary 194 (3) 15 Warnier-Orr Diagrams 197 (10) Introduction 197 (1) Representation of Data 197 (2) Representation of Program Structure 199 (2) Critique of Warnier-Orr Diagrams 201 (6) 16 Michael Jackson Diagrams 207 (12) Introduction 207 (1) Tree-Structure Diagrams 207 (2) Data-Structure Diagrams 209 (2) Program-Structure Diagrams 211 (1) System Network Diagram 212 (1) From Data to Programs 213 (1) Critique of Jackson Diagrams 214 (5) 17 Flowcharts 219 (8) Overview Versus Detailed Structure 219 (1) Flowcharts 220 (2) Flowchart Symbols 222 (1) Critique of Flowcharts 222 (5) 18 Structured English and Pseudocode 227 (12) Introduction 227 (1) Why Should English Be Structured? ...”

Managerial Economics : applications, strategies and tactics 由 McGUIGAN, J.R. (Author)

书本目录: “...; 2-1 Demand and Supply: A Review; 2-1a The Diamond-Water Paradox and the Marginal Revolution; 2-1b Marginal Utility and Incremental Cost Simultaneously Determine Equilibrium Market Price; 2-1c Individual and Market Demand Curves. 2-1d The Demand Function2-1e Import-Export Traded Goods; International Perspectives: Exchange Rate Impacts on Demand: Cummins Engine Company; 2-1f Individual and Market Supply Curves; 2-1g Equilibrium Market Price of Gasoline; 2-2 Marginal Analysis; 2-2a Total, Marginal, and Average Relationships; 2-3 The Net Present Value Concept; 2-3a Determining the Net Present Value of an Investment; 2-3b Sources of Positive Net Present Value Projects; 2-3c Risk and the NPV Rule; 2-4 Meaning and Measurement of Risk; 2-4a Probability Distributions; 2-4b Expected Values. 2-4c Standard Deviation: An Absolute Measure of Risk2-4d Normal Probability Distribution; 2-4e Coefficient of Variation: A Relative Measure of Risk; What Went Right/What Went Wrong: Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM); 2-5 Risk and Required Return; Summary; Exercises; Case Exercise: Revenue Management at American Airlines; Part 2: Demand and Forecasting; Chapter 3: Demand Analysis; Chapter Preview; Managerial Challenge: Health Care Reform and Cigarette Taxes; 3-1 Demand Relationships; 3-1a The Demand Schedule Defined; 3-1b Constrained Utility Maximization and Consumer Behavior...”

Investment analysis and portfolio management 由 Ranganatham, M.

书本目录: “...Legislation Governing SEBI Functions Primary Market Regulation Issue of Shares Pricing by Companies Issuing Securities Promoters' Contribution Other Issue Requirements Pre-issue Obligations Contents of the Prospectus Post-issue Obligations Regulation on Employee Stock Option Scheme (ESOS)/Employee Stock Purchase Scheme (ESPS) Issue of Sweat Equity by a Listed Company Secondary Market Regulations Insider Trading Buyback of Shares Buyback through Tender Offer/Buyback of Odd Lot Specified Securities Buyback from Open Market Buyback through Stock Exchange Buyback through Book Building Substantial Acquisition of Shares or Voting Rights or Control in a Listed Company Bail out Takeovers Regulation for Mutual Funds Regulations on Derivatives Trading Summary Concepts Short Questions Essay Questions Appendix Case Study Chapter 4: Services of Intermediaries Brokers Sub-broker Dealing/Trading Member of a Derivative Segment Investment Management Company Fund Managers Merchant Bankers Issue Managements Advisory Services Financial Services Market Operations Credit Rating Agencies Investment Banks Regulatory Bodies Auditing Bodies Stock Depositories Technology Providers/Internet Providers Bandwidth Optimisation Scalability and Robustness of the Trading System Intergration with Third Party Systems Broadband Narrowband Electronic Communications Networks e-Customer Relationship Managements Summary Concepts Short Questions Essay Questions Appendix Chapter 5: Investment Opportunities Investment Avenues Corporate Securities Equity Shares Rights Issue of Equity Preference Shares Debentures and Bonds Depsitory Receipts (GDRs/ADRs) Warrants Derivatives Deposits. ...”

A preface to marketing management / 由 Peter, J. Paul

书本目录: “...4 (9) Strategic Planning and Marketing Management 4 (1) The Strategic Planning Process 5 (8) The Complete Strategic Plan 13 (1) The Marketing Management Process 13 (5) Situation Analysis 14 (2) Marketing Planning 16 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 18 (1) Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research 18 (1) The Strategic Plan, the Marketing Plan, and Other Functional Area Plans 18 (2) Marketing's Role in Cross-Functional Strategic Planning 18 (2) Conclusion 20 (3) Appendix Portfolio Models 23 (4) PART B MARKETING INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKET 27 (50) Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making 28 (12) The Role of Marketing Research 28 (1) The Marketing Research Process 29 (9) Purpose of the Research 29 (1) Plan of the Research 30 (5) Performance of the Research 35 (1) Processing of Research Data 35 (1) Preparation of the Research Report 36 (1) Limitations of the Research Process 36 (2) Marketing Information Systems 38 (1) Conclusion 39 (1) Consumer Behavior 40 (13) Social Influences on Consumer Decision Making 41 (2) Culture and Subculture 41 (1) Social Class 42 (1) Reference Groups and Families 43 (1) Marketing Influences on Consumer Decision Making 43 (2) Product Influences 43 (1) Price Influences 43 (1) Promotion Influences 44 (1) Place Influences 44 (1) Situational Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Psychological Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Product Knowledge 45 (1) Product Involvement 46 (1) Consumer Decision Making 46 (6) Need Recognition 47 (1) Alternative Search 48 (1) Alternative Evaluation 49 (1) Purchase Decision 49 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 50 (2) Conclusion 52 (1) Business, Government, and Institutional Buying 53 (11) Categories of Organizational Buyers 53 (1) Producers 53 (1) Intermediaries 54 (1) Government Agencies 54 (1) Other Institutions 54 (1) The Organizational Buying Process 54 (1) Purchase-Type Influences on Organizational Buying 55 (1) Straight Rebuy 55 (1) Modified Rebuy 55 (1) New Task Purchase 55 (1) Structural Influences on Organizational Buying 56 (2) Purchasing Roles 56 (1) Organization-Specific Factors 57 (1) Purchasing Policies and Procedures 57 (1) Behavioral Influences on Organizational Buying 58 (2) Personal Motivations 58 (1) Role Perceptions 58 (2) Stages in the Organizational Buying Process 60 (3) Organizational Need 61 (1) Vendor Analysis 61 (1) Purchase Activities 61 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 61 (2) Conclusion 63 (1) Market Segmentation 64 (13) Delineate the Firm's Current Situation 64 (1) Determine Consumer Needs and Wants 65 (1) Divide Markets on Relevant Dimensions 65 (8) A Priori versus Post Hoc Segmentation 66 (1) Relevance of Segmentation Dimensions 66 (1) Bases for Segmentation 67 (6) Develop Product Positioning 73 (1) Decide Segmentation Strategy 74 (1) Design Marketing Mix Strategy 75 (1) Conclusion 76 (1) PART C THE MARKETING MIX 77 (90) Product and Brand Strategy 78 (16) Basic Issues in Product Management 78 (9) Product Definition 78 (1) Product Classification 79 (1) Product Quality and Value 80 (1) Product Mix and Product Line 81 (1) Branding and Brand Equity 82 (4) Packaging 86 (1) Product Life Cycle 87 (2) Product Adoption and Diffusion 89 (1) The Product Audit 90 (2) Deletions 90 (1) Product Improvement 90 (2) Organizing for Product Management 92 (1) Conclusion 93 (1) New Product Planning and Development 94 (13) New Product Strategy 95 (2) New Product Planning and Development Process 97 (5) Idea Generation 97 (2) Idea Screening 99 (1) Project Planning 99 (1) Product Development 100 (1) Test Marketing 100 (1) Commercialization 101 (1) The Importance of Time 101 (1) Some Important New Product Decisions 102 (3) Quality Level 102 (2) Product Features 104 (1) Product Design 104 (1) Product Safety 104 (1) Causes of New Product Failure 105 (1) Need for Research 105 (1) Conclusion 106 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications: Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, and Direct Marketing 107 (19) Strategic Goals of Marketing Communication 107 (1) Create Awareness 107 (1) Build Positive Images 108 (1) Identify Prospects 108 (1) Build Channel Relationships 108 (1) Retain Customers 108 (1) The Promotion Mix 108 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications 109 (2) Advertising: Planning and Strategy 111 (1) Objectives of Advertising 111 (1) Advertising Decisions 112 (7) The Expenditure Question 113 (2) The Allocation Question 115 (4) Sales Promotion 119 (4) Push versus Pull Marketing 119 (2) Trade Sales Promotions 121 (1) Consumer Promotions 121 (1) What Sales Promotion Can and Can't Do 121 (2) Public Relations 123 (1) Direct Marketing 123 (1) Conclusion 124 (1) Appendix: Major Federal Agencies Involved in Control of Advertising 125 (1) Personal Selling, Relationship Building, and Sales Management 126 (15) Importance of Personal Selling 126 (1) The Sales Process 127 (7) Objectives of the Sales Force 127 (1) The Sales Relationship-Building Process 128 (5) People Who Support the Sales Force 133 (1) Managing the Sales and Relationship-Building Process 134 (6) The Sales Management Task 135 (1) Controlling the Sales Force 136 (3) Motivating and Compensating Performance 139 (1) Conclusion 140 (1) Distribution Strategy 141 (16) The Need for Marketing Intermediaries 141 (1) Classification of Marketing Intermediaries and Functions 141 (2) Channels of Distribution 143 (1) Selecting Channels of Distribution 144 (3) Specific Considerations 144 (3) Managing a Channel of Distribution 147 (3) Relationship Marketing in Channels 147 (1) Vertical Marketing Systems 147 (3) Wholesaling 150 (1) Store and Nonstore Retailing 151 (4) Store Retailing 151 (1) Nonstore Retailing 152 (3) Conclusion 155 (2) Pricing Strategy 157 (10) Demand Influences on Pricing Decisions 157 (2) Demographic Factors 157 (1) Psychological Factors 157 (1) Price Elasticity 158 (1) Supply Influences on Pricing Decisions 159 (3) Pricing Objectives 159 (1) Cost Considerations in Pricing 159 (2) Product Considerations in Pricing 161 (1) Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions 162 (1) Competition 162 (1) Government Regulations 162 (1) A General Pricing Model 163 (3) Set Pricing Objectives 163 (1) Evaluate Product-Price Relationships 163 (1) Estimate Costs and Other Price Limitations 164 (1) Analyze Profit Potential 165 (1) Set Initial Price Structure 165 (1) Change Price as Needed 166 (1) Conclusion 166 (1) PART D MARKETING IN SPECIAL FIELDS 167 (32) The Marketing of Services 168 (15) Important Characteristics of Services 170 (4) Intangibility 170 (1) Inseparability 171 (1) Perishability and Fluctuating Demand 172 (1) Client Relationship 172 (1) Customer Effort 173 (1) Uniformity 174 (1) Providing Quality Services 174 (2) Customer Satisfaction Measurement 175 (1) The Importance of Internal Marketing 175 (1) Overcoming the Obstacles in Service Marketing 176 (2) Limited View of Marketing 177 (1) Limited Competition 177 (1) Noncreative Management 177 (1) No Obsolescence 178 (1) The Service Challenge 178 (4) Banking 179 (1) Health Care 179 (1) Insurance 180 (1) Travel 180 (1) Implications for Service Marketers 181 (1) Conclusion 182 (1) Global Marketing 183 (16) The Competitive Advantage of Nations 184 (1) Organizing for Global Marketing 185 (5) Problems with Entering Foreign Markets 185 (2) Organizing the Multinational Company 187 (3) Programming for Global Marketing 190 (5) Global Marketing Research 190 (2) Global Product Strategy 192 (1) Global Distribution Strategy 193 (1) Global Pricing Strategy 194 (1) Global Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy 194 (1) Entry and Growth Strategies for Global Marketing 195 (2) Conclusion 197 (2) SECTION II ANALYZING MARKETING PROBLEMS AND CASES 199 (14) A Case Analysis Framework 200 (7) Analyze and Record the Current Situation 201 (4) Analyze and Record Problems and Their Core Elements 205 (1) Formulate, Evaluate, and Record Alternative Courses of Action 206 (1) Select and Record the Chosen Alternative and Implementation Details 206 (1) Pitfalls to Avoid in Case Analysis 207 (1) Communicating Case Analyses 208 (4) The Written Report 209 (2) The Oral Presentation 211 (1) Conclusion 212 (1) SECTION III FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING DECISIONS 213 (10) Financial Analysis 214 (8) Break-Even Analysis 214 (2) Net Present Value Analysis 216 (2) Ratio Analysis 218 (4) Conclusion 222 (1) SECTION IV DEVELOPING MARKETING PLANS 223 (12) A Marketing Plan Framework 224 (9) Title Page 225 (1) Executive Summary 225 (1) Table of Contents 226 (1) Introduction 226 (1) Situational Analysis 226 (1) Marketing Planning 226 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 228 (2) Summary 230 (1) Appendix---Financial Analysis 230 (3) References 233 (1) Conclusion 233 (2) Chapter Notes 235 (7) Index 242...”