Résultats de la recherche - (american OR africa) economic association

Economic development for Africa South of the Sahara Proceedings of a conference held by the international Economic Association/

Negotiating structural adjustment in Africa /

The enabling state and the role of the public service in wealth creation : problems and strategies for development in Africa : report of the 26th Roundtable Conference of the Afric...

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Instruments of economic policy in Africa /

African development : Adebayo Adedeji's alternative strategies / par Asante, S. K. B.

Managing natural resources for development in Africa : a resource book /

The macroeconomics of scaling up aid : lessons from recent experience /

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Enhancing policy management capacity in Africa /

The state of food and agriculture 2002

Table des matières: “…Foreword v Glossary xvii Explanatory note xx PART I World review Current Agricultural Situation - Facts and Figures 3 (35) Trends in undernourishment 3 (3) Crop and livestock production 6 (5) Food shortages and emergencies 11 (3) World cereal supply situation 14 (3) External assistance to agriculture 17 (3) Food aid flows 20 (3) Commodity price trends 23 (6) Fisheries: production, disposition and trade 29 (4) Production and trade of forest products 33 (5) The Global Economy and Agriculture 38 (13) World economic environment 38 (13) World trade and commodity prices 39 (3) Implications of the Fourth World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference for agriculture 42 (6) Notes 48 (3) PART II Regional review Africa 51 (21) Regional overview 51 (6) General economic performance 51 (3) Agricultural performance 54 (3) Women farmers' productivity in sub-Saharan Africa 57 (8) Introduction 57 (1) The role and importance of women farmers 57 (5) Gender differentials in agricultural productivity and constraints facing women farmers 62 (2) Conclusion and policy implications 64 (1) Tsetse and trypanosomiasis control 65 (7) Introduction 65 (1) The direct impact of trypanosomiasis 65 (1) The indirect impacts of the disease 66 (2) Cost-benefit ratios for tsetse control 68 (1) Conclusion 69 (3) Asia and the Pacific 72 (24) Regional overview 72 (5) General economic performance 72 (1) Agricultural performance 73 (4) China's accession to the World Trade Organization and implications for Chinese agricultural policies 77 (19) The changing role of agriculture in the Chinese economy 78 (2) Agricultural policy in the reform period 80 (4) China's WTO accession commitments and provisions related to agriculture 84 (3) Recent policy shifts and likely changes as a result of accession to the WTO 87 (8) Conclusions 95 (1) Latin America and the Caribbean 96 (26) Regional overview 96 (5) General economic performance 96 (1) Recent agricultural performance 97 (4) Changing patterns in agricultural trade 101 (21) Growing importance of agricultural trade relative to production 101 (2) Declining role of agriculture in total merchandise trade 103 (1) Stable regional share in world agricultural trade 104 (1) Diversified product composition of agricultural trade 104 (6) Geographic diversification of markets 110 (1) Agricultural trade balances and their economic significance 111 (6) The price factor 117 (2) Conclusions 119 (3) Near East and North Africa 122 (19) Regional overview 122 (7) General economic performance 122 (1) Agricultural performance 123 (6) Climate variability, aridity and vulnerability to drought 129 (12) Drought -- a structurally recurrent phenomenon in the region 130 (3) Water and land resource issues 133 (1) Impact of recent droughts on crop and livestock production 134 (1) Impact on population livelihood, household income and rural poverty 134 (2) Impact on the environment 136 (1) Government measures for drought prevention and relief of affected groups 137 (2) From reactive crisis management to proactive risk management in agriculture 139 (2) Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 141 (14) Regional overview 141 (3) Macroeconomic trends and agricultural performance 141 (3) Land and farms in Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS in the period of central planning 144 (1) Land and farm reform in Central and Eastern European and CIS countries 145 (10) The establishment of clear and secure rights of land tenure 147 (3) The creation of farms with an efficient ownership and management structure 150 (1) The formation of a class of mid-sized commercial farms 151 (2) Conclusions 153 (2) Developed Market Economies 155 (20) Overview 155 (20) General economic performance 155 (1) Agricultural performance 155 (5) Agricultural policy changes 160 (4) Notes 164 (11) PART III Agriculture and global public goods ten years after the Earth Summit The Role of Agriculture and Land in the Provision of Global Public Goods 175 (14) Introduction 175 (1) Economic concept of local and global public goods 176 (1) Public goods associated with the land-cluster chapters of Agenda 21 177 (1) Progress in the provision of global public goods since Rio-92 178 (4) Financing global public goods 182 (2) The need to increase international financial cooperation for promoting global public goods 184 (4) Conclusions 188 (1) Harvesting Carbon Sequestration Through Land-Use Change: A Way Out of Rural Poverty? …”

Development policy and public action /

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Structural adjustment and women informal sector traders in Harare, Zimbabwe / par Mupedziswa, Rodreck

Nonprofit organizations : theory, management, policy / par Anheier, Helmut K.

Table des matières: “…The chapter also links the historical study of the nonprofit sector to notions of state-society relations, forms of democracy, economic development, and community.Chapter 3This chapter discusses the various types of activities (volunteering, giving, civic engagement, advocacy, service provision), organizations (charities, foundations, associations, social enterprises) and institutions (charity, philanthropy, social economy community, solidarity) that make up, or relate to, the nonprofit sector, and looks at the various attempts to define the area between the market, state and household sectors. …”

Adjusting privatization : case studies from Developing countries / par Adam, Christopher

Accounting : a book of readings /

Table des matières: “…The impact of federal income tax law and regulations on accounting principles 32. American Accounting Association 33. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 34. …”

Constitutional government and democracy : theory and practice in Europe and America par Friedrich, Carl J.

Table des matières: “…Interest groups and economic councils : The deterioration of political representation in terms of the general interest ; General interest and special interests ; American lobbies ; Chambers of commerce and similar semiofficial bodies in France, Germany, and other countries ; Central banks ; Trade unions ; The Russian revolution and the trade unions, particularly in Germany ; The German national economic council ; The fascist "corporative state" ; Interest groups in the United States today IV. …”

Proactive purchasing in the supply chain : the key to world-class procurement / par Burt, David N.

Table des matières: “…Multiple Sourcing Share of Supplier's Capacity Local, National, and International Sourcing Manufacturer or Distributor "Green" Supply Management Minority- and Women-Owned Business Enterprises Ethical Considerations Reciprocity Consortium Purchasing and Group Buying Disaster Plans Summary Appendix Illustrative Plant Survey Financial Statement Analysis Planning a Facility Visit Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 14 Global Supply Management Global Management Perspective Future of Global Supply Management Stages to Global Supply Management Reasons for Global Sourcing Potential Problems Questions Before Going Global Supply Channels Global Trade Intermediaries International Procurement Offices Direct Suppliers Eliminating Intermediaries Identifying Direct Suppliers Qualifying Direct Suppliers Preparing for Direct Relations The Initial Meeting Currency and Payment Issues Exchange Rates Payments Letters of Credit Countertrade Countertrade's Advantages Countertrade's Disadvantages Supply Management's Role Creative Countertrade Political and Economic Alliances European Union North American Free Trade Agreement MERCOSUR Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summary Appendix Currency Risk Hedging Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 15 Total Cost of Ownership Three Components of Total Cost Acquisition Costs Ownership Costs Post-Ownership Costs TCO, Net Present Value (NPV) Analysis, and Estimated Costs The Importance of Total Cost of Ownership in Supply Management Service Providers Retail Manufacturing Supply Chains/Supply Networks Summary Appendix: Supply Management in Action Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 16 Price and Cost Analysis Introduction General Economic Considerations Conditions of Competition Variable-Margin Pricing Product Differentiation Six Categories of Cost Regulation by Competition Price Analysis Competitive Price Proposals Regulated, Catalog, and Market Prices Internet/e-Commerce II Historical Prices Supply and Demand Factors Independent Cost Estimates Cost Analysis Cost Analysis Defined Capabilities of Management Efficiency of Labor Amount and Quality of Subcontracting Plant Capacity Sources of Cost Data Potential Suppliers Supply Partners Cost Models Direct Costs Direct Labor Direct Materials Tooling Costs Learning Curves Cumulative Curve and the Unit Curve Target Cost Estimation Indirect Costs Engineering Overhead Material Overhead Manufacturing Overhead General and Administrative Selling Recovering Indirect Costs Activity-Based Costing Target Costing Profit Resisting Arbitrary Price Increases Summary Appendix A: Application of Learning Curves Appendix B: Discounts Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 17 Methods of Compensation Introduction to Compensation Arrangements Observation Contract Cost Risk Appraisal Technical Risk Contract Schedule Risk General Types of Contract Compensation Arrangements Fixed Price Contracts Incentive Contracts Cost-Reimbursement Contracts Specific Types of Compensation Arrangements Firm Fixed Price Contracts Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contracts Fixed Price Redetermination Contracts Incentive Arrangements Fixed Price Incentive Fee Cost Plus Incentive Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Fixed Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) Cost without Fee Cost Sharing Time and Materials Letter Contracts and Letters of Intent Considerations When Selecting the Method of Compensation Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 18 Negotiations Introduction Objectives of Negotiation Quality Fair and Reasonable Price On-Time Performance Control Cooperation Supplier Relationship Management When to Negotiate Supply Management's Role in Negotiation The Supply Management Professional Acting Alone The Supply Management Professional as the Negotiating Team Leader The Negotiation Process Preparation Establishing Objectives Identify the Desired Type of Relationship Five Powerful Preparation Activities The BATNA The Agenda "Murder Boards" and Mock Negotiations Crib Sheets Draft Agreements Face-to-Face Discussions Fact Finding Recess Narrowing the Differences Hard Bargaining Techniques Universally Applicable Techniques Transactional Techniques Collaborative and Alliance Negotiating Techniques The Debriefing: An Incredible Learning Opportunity Documentation Online Negotiation Advantages to Online Negotiation An Example of a Successful Application of Negotiating Online Drawbacks to Online Negotiation Negotiating for Price Price Analysis Negotiation Cost Analysis Negotiation Characteristics of a Successful Negotiator Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 19 Contract Formation and Legal Issues Litigation Prevention Dispute Resolution Negotiation Mediation Litigation Arbitration Courts Development of Commercial Law Electronic Contract Considerations: Cyber Law Attempts to Revise the UCC Basic Legal Considerations Status of an Agent The Purchase Contract Letters of Intent Special Legal Considerations Inspection Rights Rights of Rejection Title and Risk of Loss Warranties Evergreen Contracts Order Cancellation and Breach of Contract JIT Contracts Honest Mistakes Patent Infringement Restraint of Trade Laws International Considerations Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 20 Contract and Relationship Management Need for Better Contract Management Preaward Conference: The Stage Has Been Set Monitoring and Controlling Project Progress Operations Progress Reports Gantt Charts CPM and PERT Closed-Loop MRP Systems Monitoring and Controlling Total Supplier Performance Supplier Performance Evaluation Motivation Punishment Rewards Assistance Transformational Training Quality Audits and Supply System Reviews Problem Solving Collaboration Managing the Relationship Summary Appendix A: Supplier Reporting Requirements for Unique Major Projects Appendix B: How Critical Path Scheduling Works Appendix C: Supplier Questionnaire Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 21 Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics in the Supply Management Context Professional Supply Management Ethics Principles and Standards of Ethical Supply Management Conduct National and International Supply Management Conduct Important Areas Requiring Amplification Avoid Sharp Practices Competitive Bidding Negotiation Samples Treating Salespeople with Respect Substandard Materials and Services Gifts and Gratuities Management Responsibilities Written Standards Ethics Training and Education Departmental Environment Miscellaneous Factors Dealing with Gray Areas The Four Way Test Social Responsibilities Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 22 Implementing World-Class Purchasing in the Supply Chain Designing an Effective Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Purchasing Planning Function Defining Planning Four Phases of Planning The Organizing Function The Five Basic Steps to Organizing Basic Concepts of Organizing Organizing for Supply Chain Management The Staffing Function The Directing Function Leadership Leadership and the Purchasing Profession The Controlling Function Evaluating the Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Annual Report Risk Management New Focus on Risk Management Appendix A: The Institute for Supply Management Awards for Excellence in Supply Management Appendix B: From Reactive to Proactive Procurement: A Case Study Appendix C: Raytheon Supply Base Optimization, April Appendix D: At Rolls-Royce North America, an Organizational Shift Is the Driving Force Behind an Innovative New Journey to Engage Its Supply Chain Endnotes Suggested Reading Epilogue The Future of Supply Management Index…”

Human behavior in the social environment / par Rogers, Anissa

Table des matières: “…Theory: The Foundation of Social Work 1 (18) Defining Human Behavior in the Social Environment 2 (12) Knowledge, Theories, and Social Work 3 (1) Use of Theories and Empirical Knowledge in Social Work 4 (1) The Debate over Theory in Social Work 5 (3) What It Means to Be Eclectic 8 (1) The Single Theory Argument 9 (1) The Argument for Eclecticism 10 (1) Evaluating the Quality of Knowledge and Theory 11 (3) Relating Knowledge of Human Behavior to Other Social Work Content Areas 14 (1) Using This Book to Think about Human Development and Social Work Practice 15 (1) Conclusion 16 (1) Main Points 17 (1) Exercises: Practicing Social Work 17 (1) Exercises: The Social Work Library 18 (1) Lenses for Conceptualizing Problems and Interventions: The Person in the Environment 19 (30) Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Levels of Conceptualization 20 (6) Applying the Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Levels of Conceptualization 21 (4) Critiquing the Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Levels of Conceptualization 25 (1) The Biopsychosocial Approach 26 (3) Applying the Biopsychosocial Approach 27 (1) Critiquing the Biopsychosocial Approach 28 (1) Systems Theory 29 (6) Applying Systems Theory 32 (1) Family Subsystems and Boundaries 32 (1) Roles and Homeostasis 33 (1) Input and Output 33 (1) Entropy 34 (1) Critiquing Systems Theory 34 (1) Ecological Theory 35 (7) Applying Ecological Theory 39 (1) Critiquing Ecological Theory 40 (1) Combining Ecological and Systems Theories: An Ecosystems Approach 41 (1) The Strengths Perspective 42 (4) Applying the Strengths Perspective 44 (1) Critiquing the Strengths Perspective 45 (1) Conclusion 46 (1) Main Points 46 (1) Exercises: Practicing Social Work 47 (1) Exercises: The Social Work Library 48 (1) Lenses for Conceptualizing Problems and Interventions: Biopsychosocial Dimensions 49 (31) The Disease Model 50 (6) The Medical Model 50 (1) Applying the Medical Model 51 (4) Critiquing the Medical Model 55 (1) Theories of Cognitive Development 56 (4) Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development 56 (2) Applying Piaget's Theory 58 (1) Critiquing Piaget's Theory 59 (1) Psychodynamic Theories 60 (9) Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development 60 (3) Applying Freudian Theory 63 (1) Critiquing Freudian Theory 64 (1) Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development 65 (2) Applying Erikson's Theory 67 (1) Critiquing Erikson's Theory 68 (1) Behavioral and Learning Theories 69 (5) Classical Conditioning 69 (1) Operant Conditioning 70 (1) Social Learning Theory 71 (1) Applying Learning Theory 72 (1) Critiquing Learning Theory 73 (1) Humanistic and Existential Perspectives 74 (3) Person-Centered Therapy and Transactional Analysis 75 (1) Applying and Critiquing Humanistic and Existential Perspectives 76 (1) Conclusion 77 (1) Main Points 77 (1) Exercises: Practicing Social Work 78 (1) Exercises: The Social Work Library 79 (1) Lenses for Conceptualizing Problems and Interventions: Sociocultural Dimensions 80 (29) Sociological Theories 81 (17) Conflict Theory 81 (1) Marx and Conflict Theory 81 (3) Conflict Theories since Marx 84 (1) Applying Conflict Theory 85 (1) The Family 86 (1) Health Care 86 (1) Conflict Theory and Social Work 87 (1) Aisha's Case Revisited 88 (1) Critiquing Conflict Theory 89 (1) Functionalist Theory 90 (1) Manifest Functions, Latent Functions, and Dysfunctions 90 (1) Functionalist Theorists: Durkheim and Parsons 91 (1) Applying Functionalist Theory 91 (1) Education and Language 91 (1) Functionalist Theory and Social Work 92 (1) Aisha's Case Revisited 92 (1) Critiquing Functionalist Theory 93 (1) Symbolic Interaction Theory and Social Constructionism 94 (2) George Herbert Mead 96 (1) Erving Goffman 96 (1) Applying Symbolic Interaction Theory 97 (1) Body Piercing 97 (1) Aisha's Case Revisited 97 (1) Critiquing Symbolic Interaction Theory 97 (1) Feminist Theory 98 (4) Branches of Feminist Theory 99 (2) Applying and Critiquing Feminist Theory 101 (1) Cultural Perspectives 102 (5) Defining Culture 103 (1) Cultural Perspectives and Social Work 104 (1) Applying and Critiquing Cultural Perspectives 105 (2) Conclusion 107 (1) Main Points 107 (1) Exercises: Practicing Social Work 108 (1) Exercises: The Social Work Library 108 (1) Lenses for Conceptualizing Problems and Interventions: Social Change Dimensions 109 (26) Theories of Racism, Discrimination, and Oppression 110 (10) Racism 111 (4) Discrimination and Prejudice 115 (1) Theories of Prejudice 116 (1) Prejudice and Social Work 117 (1) Oppression 118 (1) Applying Theories of Racism, Discrimination, and Oppression 118 (1) Critiquing Theories of Racism, Discrimination, and Oppression 119 (1) Social and Economic Justice Perspectives 120 (3) Applying Social and Economic Justice Perspectives 122 (1) Critiquing Social and Economic Justice Perspectives 123 (1) Social Change and Social Action Perspectives 123 (4) Contemporary Social Action Perspectives 125 (1) Applying Social Change and Social Action Perspectives 126 (1) Critiquing Social Change and Social Action Perspectives 127 (1) Community Organization Theory 127 (5) How Social Work Defines and Perceives Community 128 (1) Community and Social Work Practice 129 (2) Applying and Critiquing Community Organization Theory 131 (1) Conclusion 132 (1) Main Points 133 (1) Exercises: Practicing Social Work 134 (1) Exercises: The Social Work Library 134 (1) Pre-Pregnancy and Prenatal Issues 135 (30) Developmental Milestones in the Fetus 136 (4) Growth Processes from Conception through Birth 136 (2) Low Birth Weight 138 (2) Pregnancy, Birth, and the Individual 140 (8) Planned and Unplanned Pregnancy 140 (1) Pregnancy in Later Life 141 (1) Fertility Issues 142 (1) Parents' Biological, Psychological, and Emotional Health 142 (1) Hazards to Fetal Development 143 (1) Birth Defects 144 (1) Alcohol and Drugs 145 (1) Rh Incompatibility 146 (1) Environmental Toxins 146 (1) Paternal Age 146 (1) Maternal Diseases 146 (1) Genetic Disorders 147 (1) Pregnancy, Birth, and the Family and Immediate Environment 148 (8) Access to Health Care 149 (1) The Relationship between the Birth Mother and Her Care Providers 150 (1) Control over the Childbirth Environment 150 (1) Episiotomies 151 (1) C-Sections 151 (1) Breastfeeding 152 (1) Doulas and Midwives 152 (1) Birthing Classes 153 (1) Adoption 153 (2) Workplace Policies 155 (1) Pregnancy, Birth, and the Larger Social Environment 156 (6) Effects of Poverty on Pregnancy and Birth 156 (1) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Model 156 (2) Poverty, Pregnancy, and the Hierarchy of Needs 158 (1) Social Policies Related to Pregnancy and Birth 159 (1) Medical Leave Laws 159 (1) International Family Planning 159 (2) Environmental Issues Related to Pregnancy and Birth 161 (1) Conclusion 162 (1) Main Points 162 (1) Exercises: Practicing Social Work 163 (1) Exercises: The Social Work Library 164 (1) Development in Infancy and Early Childhood 165 (29) Developmental Milestones in Infants and Young Children 165 (7) Language Acquisition 166 (1) Biological vs. …”