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Cooperative microeconomics : a game-theoretic introduction 由 Moulin, Hervé

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Axioms of cooperative decision making / 由 Moulin, Hervé

书本目录: “...Axiomatic bargaining 4. Cost-sharing schemes and the core 5. Values of cooperative games Part III. ...”
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Proactive purchasing in the supply chain : the key to world-class procurement / 由 Burt, David N.

书本目录: “...Multiple Sourcing Share of Supplier's Capacity Local, National, and International Sourcing Manufacturer or Distributor "Green" Supply Management Minority- and Women-Owned Business Enterprises Ethical Considerations Reciprocity Consortium Purchasing and Group Buying Disaster Plans Summary Appendix Illustrative Plant Survey Financial Statement Analysis Planning a Facility Visit Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 14 Global Supply Management Global Management Perspective Future of Global Supply Management Stages to Global Supply Management Reasons for Global Sourcing Potential Problems Questions Before Going Global Supply Channels Global Trade Intermediaries International Procurement Offices Direct Suppliers Eliminating Intermediaries Identifying Direct Suppliers Qualifying Direct Suppliers Preparing for Direct Relations The Initial Meeting Currency and Payment Issues Exchange Rates Payments Letters of Credit Countertrade Countertrade's Advantages Countertrade's Disadvantages Supply Management's Role Creative Countertrade Political and Economic Alliances European Union North American Free Trade Agreement MERCOSUR Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summary Appendix Currency Risk Hedging Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 15 Total Cost of Ownership Three Components of Total Cost Acquisition Costs Ownership Costs Post-Ownership Costs TCO, Net Present Value (NPV) Analysis, and Estimated Costs The Importance of Total Cost of Ownership in Supply Management Service Providers Retail Manufacturing Supply Chains/Supply Networks Summary Appendix: Supply Management in Action Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 16 Price and Cost Analysis Introduction General Economic Considerations Conditions of Competition Variable-Margin Pricing Product Differentiation Six Categories of Cost Regulation by Competition Price Analysis Competitive Price Proposals Regulated, Catalog, and Market Prices Internet/e-Commerce II Historical Prices Supply and Demand Factors Independent Cost Estimates Cost Analysis Cost Analysis Defined Capabilities of Management Efficiency of Labor Amount and Quality of Subcontracting Plant Capacity Sources of Cost Data Potential Suppliers Supply Partners Cost Models Direct Costs Direct Labor Direct Materials Tooling Costs Learning Curves Cumulative Curve and the Unit Curve Target Cost Estimation Indirect Costs Engineering Overhead Material Overhead Manufacturing Overhead General and Administrative Selling Recovering Indirect Costs Activity-Based Costing Target Costing Profit Resisting Arbitrary Price Increases Summary Appendix A: Application of Learning Curves Appendix B: Discounts Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 17 Methods of Compensation Introduction to Compensation Arrangements Observation Contract Cost Risk Appraisal Technical Risk Contract Schedule Risk General Types of Contract Compensation Arrangements Fixed Price Contracts Incentive Contracts Cost-Reimbursement Contracts Specific Types of Compensation Arrangements Firm Fixed Price Contracts Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contracts Fixed Price Redetermination Contracts Incentive Arrangements Fixed Price Incentive Fee Cost Plus Incentive Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Fixed Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) Cost without Fee Cost Sharing Time and Materials Letter Contracts and Letters of Intent Considerations When Selecting the Method of Compensation Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 18 Negotiations Introduction Objectives of Negotiation Quality Fair and Reasonable Price On-Time Performance Control Cooperation Supplier Relationship Management When to Negotiate Supply Management's Role in Negotiation The Supply Management Professional Acting Alone The Supply Management Professional as the Negotiating Team Leader The Negotiation Process Preparation Establishing Objectives Identify the Desired Type of Relationship Five Powerful Preparation Activities The BATNA The Agenda "Murder Boards" and Mock Negotiations Crib Sheets Draft Agreements Face-to-Face Discussions Fact Finding Recess Narrowing the Differences Hard Bargaining Techniques Universally Applicable Techniques Transactional Techniques Collaborative and Alliance Negotiating Techniques The Debriefing: An Incredible Learning Opportunity Documentation Online Negotiation Advantages to Online Negotiation An Example of a Successful Application of Negotiating Online Drawbacks to Online Negotiation Negotiating for Price Price Analysis Negotiation Cost Analysis Negotiation Characteristics of a Successful Negotiator Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 19 Contract Formation and Legal Issues Litigation Prevention Dispute Resolution Negotiation Mediation Litigation Arbitration Courts Development of Commercial Law Electronic Contract Considerations: Cyber Law Attempts to Revise the UCC Basic Legal Considerations Status of an Agent The Purchase Contract Letters of Intent Special Legal Considerations Inspection Rights Rights of Rejection Title and Risk of Loss Warranties Evergreen Contracts Order Cancellation and Breach of Contract JIT Contracts Honest Mistakes Patent Infringement Restraint of Trade Laws International Considerations Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 20 Contract and Relationship Management Need for Better Contract Management Preaward Conference: The Stage Has Been Set Monitoring and Controlling Project Progress Operations Progress Reports Gantt Charts CPM and PERT Closed-Loop MRP Systems Monitoring and Controlling Total Supplier Performance Supplier Performance Evaluation Motivation Punishment Rewards Assistance Transformational Training Quality Audits and Supply System Reviews Problem Solving Collaboration Managing the Relationship Summary Appendix A: Supplier Reporting Requirements for Unique Major Projects Appendix B: How Critical Path Scheduling Works Appendix C: Supplier Questionnaire Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 21 Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics in the Supply Management Context Professional Supply Management Ethics Principles and Standards of Ethical Supply Management Conduct National and International Supply Management Conduct Important Areas Requiring Amplification Avoid Sharp Practices Competitive Bidding Negotiation Samples Treating Salespeople with Respect Substandard Materials and Services Gifts and Gratuities Management Responsibilities Written Standards Ethics Training and Education Departmental Environment Miscellaneous Factors Dealing with Gray Areas The Four Way Test Social Responsibilities Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 22 Implementing World-Class Purchasing in the Supply Chain Designing an Effective Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Purchasing Planning Function Defining Planning Four Phases of Planning The Organizing Function The Five Basic Steps to Organizing Basic Concepts of Organizing Organizing for Supply Chain Management The Staffing Function The Directing Function Leadership Leadership and the Purchasing Profession The Controlling Function Evaluating the Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Annual Report Risk Management New Focus on Risk Management Appendix A: The Institute for Supply Management Awards for Excellence in Supply Management Appendix B: From Reactive to Proactive Procurement: A Case Study Appendix C: Raytheon Supply Base Optimization, April Appendix D: At Rolls-Royce North America, an Organizational Shift Is the Driving Force Behind an Innovative New Journey to Engage Its Supply Chain Endnotes Suggested Reading Epilogue The Future of Supply Management Index...”

Microeconomics 由 Pindyck, Robert S.

书本目录: “...221 (7) Economic cost versus Accounting Cost 222 (1) Opportunity Cost 222 (1) Sunk Costs 222 (2) Fixed Cost and Variable Costs 224 (1) Fixed versus Sunk Costs 225 (2) Marginal and Average Cost 227 (1) Cost in the Short Run 228 (6) The Determinants of Short-Run Cost 228 (2) The Shapes of the Cost curves 230 (4) Cost in the Long Run 234 (9) The User Cost of Capital 234 (1) The Cost-Minimizing Input Choice 235 (1) The Isocost Line 236 (1) Choosing Inputs 237 (4) Cost Minimization with Varying Output Levels 241 (1) The Expansion Path and Long-Run Costs 241 (2) Long-Run verus Short-Run Cost Curves 243 (5) The Inflexibility of Short-Run Production 243 (1) Long-Run Average Cost 243 (2) Economies and Diseconomies of Scale 245 (2) The Relationship between Short-Run and Long-Run Cost 247 (1) Production with Two Outputs---Economies of Scope 248 (3) Product Transformation Curves 249 (1) Economies and Diseconomies of Scope 250 (1) The Degree of Economies of Scope 250 (1) Dynamic Changes in Costs---The Learning Curve 251 (5) Graphing the Learning Curve 252 (1) Learning versus Economies of Scale 253 (3) Estimating and Predicting Cost 256 (4) Cost Functions and the Measurement of Scale Economies 258 (2) Summary 260 (1) Questions for Review 261 (1) Exercises 261 (3) Production and Cost theory---A Mathematical Treatment 264 (5) Cost Minimization 264 (1) Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution 265 (1) Duality in Production and Cost Theory 266 (1) The Cobb-Douglas Cost and Production Functions 267 (2) Exercises 269 (2) Profit Maximization and Competitive Supply 271 (38) Perfectly Competitive Markets 271 (3) When Is a Market Highly Competitive? ...”

Principles of alternative dispute resolution / 由 Ware, Stephen J.

书本目录: “...Preface Note to teachers Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1: Overview 1-2: Disputes 1-3: Resolution of disputes 1-4: Processes of dispute resolution 1-5: Definitions of litigation and ADR a: ADR as alternatives to litigation b: Litigation as the default process 1-6: Introductions to major ADR processes a: Negotiation b: Mediation and other processes in aid of negotiation c: Arbitration 1-7: Basic division within ADR: arbitration vs everything else a: All ADR processes can produce binding results 1: Negotiation 2: Mediation and other processes in aid of negotiation 3: Arbitration b: Arbitration is the only ADR process that can produce binding results without a post-dispute contract c: Arbitration or litigation casts the shadow in which negotiation and processes in aid of it occur d: Implications for categorizing and comparing processes 1-8: Broader perspectives on ADR a: ADR diversity b: Cool and warm themes; the cost and quality of dispute resolution c: Lawyers and ADR Chapter 2: Arbitration And Similar Processes A: Overview 2-1: Arbitration defined 2-2: Contractual arbitration and non-contractual arbitration; constitutional right to jury trial 2-3: Arbitration law summarized a: Post-dispute and pre-dispute agreements to arbitrate b: Enforcement of arbitration agreements c: Arbitration process d: Enforcement of arbitrator's decision or "award" B: Sources of contemporary American arbitration law 2-4: Federal law a: Pro-contract b: Court orders to arbitrate; specific performance of arbitration agreements c: Broad applicability 2-5: State law a: Arbitration law b: Non-arbitration law C: FAA preemption of state law 1: Evolution of case law on FAA preemption 2-6: Federal arbitration law as (non-preemptive) procedural law 2-7: Federal arbitration law as (preemptive) substantive law 2-8: FAA creates no federal jurisdiction 2: Preemption of state law impeding contract enforcement 2-9: Generally 2-10: State law prohibiting courts from enforcing arbitration agreements 2-11: State law prohibiting courts from enforcing arbitration agreements with the remedy of specific performance 2-12: State law making arbitration agreements unenforceable with respect to certain claims 2-13: State law making arbitration agreements in certain types of transactions unenforceable 2-14: State law raising the standard of assent for contract formation 3: Choice-of-law clauses 2-15: Introduction 2-16: Volt case 2-17: Mastrobuono case 4: Insurance arbitration 2-18: McCarran-Ferguson and the FAA D: Formation of enforceable arbitration agreements 1: Separability 2-19: Prima paint case 2-20: Buckeye case 2-21: Applications of separability 2: Formation 2-22: Mutual manifestations of assent a: Contract law's objective approach b: Recurring fact patterns 2-23: Consideration 3: Contract law defenses to enforcement 2-24: Defenses subject to separability doctrine 2-25: Unconscionability a: Generally b: FAA's constraint on the scope of the unconscionability doctrine c: Arbitration organizations' policing against unconscionability d: Public policy and child custody 2-26: Waiver of the right to arbitrate 4: Non-contract law defenses to enforcement: federal statutory claims and public policy 2-27: Toward universal arbitrability 2-28: Current in arbitrability a: Simple in arbitrability 1: Labor arbitration 2: Automobile dealers and military personnel b: Arbitrability with strings attached: the effectively vindicate doctrine E: Interpretation of arbitration agreements 1: Contractual arbitrability 2-29: Introduction 2-30: Generally decided by courts 2-31: Contractual and non-contractual approaches 2: Multi-party disputes 2-32: Claims by or against those not party to the arbitration agreement a: Party plaintiff vs non-party defendant b: Non-party plaintiff vs party defendant 2-33: Consolidation of, and stays pending, related proceedings 2-34: Class actions 3: Arbitration procedure 2-35: Overview 2-36: Pre-hearing a: Selection of arbitrator(s) 1: Methods of selection 2: Arbitrator fees 3: Judicial and regulatory constraints on party selection of arbitrator(s) b: Pleadings c: Filing fees (and un-administered arbitration) d: Discovery 2-37: Hearing a: General comparison with trial b: Role of lawyers c: Rules of evidence d: No hearing; dispositive motions e: Written awards; reasoned opinions 2-38: Remedies a: Determined by contract, within limitations 1: Generally determined by contract; the Mastrobuono case 2: Limitations on contract; the book case b: Typical contract terms c: Consequences of limiting remedies in arbitration 4: Governing substantive law, if any 2-39: Substantive law applied in arbitration F: Effect of arbitration award 1: Enforcement of arbitration award 2-40: Confirmation 2-41: Claim preclusion (res judicata) a: Generally applicable b: Labor exception 2-42: Issue preclusion (collateral estoppel) 2: Vacatur of arbitration award 2-43: Introduction a: Vacatur is rare b: Statutory and non-statutory grounds 2-44: Statutory grounds a: Corruption, fraud or undue means b: Evident partiality or corruption c: Fundamentally fair hearing d: Exceeded powers 2-45: Non-statutory grounds a: Error of law, including manifest disregard 1: Narrow ground for Vacatur 2: Recent expansion b: Public policy c: Grounds created by contract 2-46: Federal preemption of state law a: State grounds for Vacatur broader than federal b: State grounds for Vacatur narrower than federal G: International arbitration 2-47: Introduction: public law arbitration and commercial arbitration 2-48: New York convention a: Basic provisions b: Effect of United States ratification c: Significance 2-49: Practice of international commercial arbitration H: Employment arbitration and labor arbitration 2-50: Conventional distinction between "employment" and "labor" 2-51: FAA's exclusion of certain "contracts of employment" 2-52: Employment arbitration 2-53: Labor arbitration a: LMRA rather than FAA b: Practice of labor arbitration 1: Two peculiarities 2: Labor law and CBAs c: Few arbitrable claims 1: Law 2: Union, not employee, controls arbitration 3: Narrowly drafted arbitration clauses d: Interest arbitration I: Processes similar to arbitration 2-54: Private judging ("rent-a-judge") 2-55: Non-contractual, yet binding, arbitration a: Introduction b: Examples 1: Federal programs 2: Government employees-federal 3: Government employees-state and local 4: Railway Labor Act 5: State "lemon" laws 6: State auto insurance laws 7: Attorney fee disputes. 3: Negotiation A: Negotiation contexts 3-1: Dispute negotiation and transactional negotiation 3-2: Dispute negotiation and lawyers; settlement negotiation defined 3-3: Settlement negotiation and the shadow of the law 3-4: Bilateral monopoly of settlement negotiation B: Settlement/litigation choice 3-5: Valuing a case a: Introduction to case valuation b: Factors lawyers and clients should consider in valuing a case c: Timing of the settlement/litigation choice d: Risk aversion and diversification 1: Risk aversion 2: Diversification e: Expected value, BATNA and the bottom line f: Psychological barriers to valuing a case accurately 1: Availability bias 2: Anchoring bias 3: Egocentric biases 4: Overconfidence bias g: Valuation of criminal cases 3-6: Disagreements between lawyer and client about the settlement/litigation choice a: Generally b: Legal fees 1: Hourly billing 2: Contingency fees 3: Retainers and other fixed-fees (especially in criminal practice) 4: Legal fees paid through liability insurance c: Professional responsibility C: Negotiation theory 3-7: Zero-sum and positive-sum 3-8: Zero-sum (distributive) negotiation 3-9: Positive-sum (integrative) negotiation a: Example on the time value of money b: Importance of multiple issues 3-10: Positive-sum (integrative) negotiation is not always worthwhile, or even possible 3-11: Bottom lines and settlement zones a: Case valuations determine bottom lines which determine settlement zones b: Predictions about the results of litigation 1: Predictions that usually (but not always) result in a settlement zone 2: Predictions less likely to result in a settlement zone: cases of over-optimism c: Conclusion 3-12: Settlement zone does not ensure settlement (barriers to settlement) a: Ignorance of settlement zone's existence or boundaries b: Dividing the value created by settlement 3-13: Bottom lines and settlement zones in positive-sum (integrative) negotiation D: Approaches to negotiation 3-14: Terminology 1: Adversarial/competitive approach 3-15: Opening offers 3-16: Few and small concessions 3-17: False concessions 3-18: Concession tricks and escalation tactics 3-19: Deception and information 3-20: Misinformation about bottom lines and the strength of your case a: Generally b: Lying about one's bottom line c: Projecting confidence in one's case and lack of interest in settling d: Effect of misinformation about bottom lines 3-21: Psychological warfare a: Anger, threats, ridicule, accusation and intimidation b: Negotiate on your own turf c: Outnumber your counterparts d: Negotiate when you have time and your counterpart does not e: Lack of authority f: Locked into position g: Feign irrationality h: Wolf in sheep's clothing 3-22: Drawbacks of the adversarial/competitive approach 2: Cooperative approach and the prisoner's dilemma 3-23: Cooperative approach 3-24: Prisoner's dilemma and the importance of reputation a: Prisoner's dilemma b: Importance of reputation and the incentive to cooperate 3-25: Tactics for a cooperative lawyer with an adversarial/competitive counterpart 3: Problem-solving approach 3-26: Overview of problem-solving a: Positive-sum b: Coinciding interests (with a tax law example) c: Logrolling multiple issues d: Tactics listed 3-27: Interests, not positions 3-28: Communicating your side's interests 3-29: Variety of solutions 3-30: Drawbacks of the problem-solving approach 4: Gender, culture, race and ethnicity 3-31: Gender 3-32: Culture, race and ethnicity E: Preparing for negotiation 3-33: Introduction 3-34: Identifying your client's interests, bottom line and specific goals 3-35: Identifying other party's interests, bottom line and specific goals 3-36: Adjusting during negotiation a: Adjusting approaches during negotiation b: Adjusting your bottom line during negotiation 3-37: Specific preparations F: Law governing settlement 3-38: Criminal and tort law; "good faith" in negotiation 3-39: Sales law a: Legal effects of releases and settlement agreements 1: Releases 2: Settlement agreements b: Grounds for non-enforcement 1: Duress and unconscionability 2: Misrepresentation and mistake 3: Requirement of a writing 4: Public policy c: Entering judgment on settlement (consent decree) d: Plea agreements 3-40: Agency law 3-41: Multiple parties: indemnity, contribution and Mary Carter agreements 3-42: Confidentiality a: Generally b: Confidentiality agreements prior to or during litigation c: Rules of evidence and discovery d: Confidentiality clauses in settlement agreements G: Settlement/litigation choice: broader perspectives 3-43: Normative views on the prevalence of settlement 3-44: Resources 3-45: Dispute resolution vs public justice. 4: Mediation And Other Processes In Aid Of Negotiation A: Overview 4-1: Mediation's popularity 4-2: Mediation defined 4-3: Dispute mediation and transactional mediation 4-4: Mandatory mediation and voluntary mediation B: Goals of dispute mediation 4-5: Generally 4-6: Settle cases 4-7: Positive-sum or problem-solving 4-8: Moral growth C: Mediation process 4-9: Goals shape process 4-10: Mediation process generally a: Participants b: Starting to mediate c: Joint sessions, private caucuses and shuttle diplomacy d: Facilitating communication 1: Direct communication 2: Indirect communication e: Settlement offers f: Agreements 4-11: Identifying settlement zones and overcoming barriers to settlement 4-12: Positive-sum a: In general b: Coinciding interests c: Logrolling multiple issues d: Trusted intermediary combining information 4-13: Evaluation by the mediator a: Appeal of evaluation b: Concerns about evaluation 1: Interests vs rights 2: Is "evaluative mediation" an oxymoron? ...”

The state of food and agriculture 2002

书本目录: “...202 Carbon market design, transactions costs and poor land-users 204 Conclusions 208 Notes 209 Annex table Countries and territories used for statistical purposes in this publication 215 Time series for SOFA 2002 -- CD-ROM Instructions for use 221...”

Economics : private & public choice / 由 Gwartney, James D.

书本目录: “...708 (11) Regulation of Business 709 (1) The Political Economy of Regulation 710 (2) Applications in Economics Limousines and Restraints on Entry 712 (1) The Costs of Regulation 713 (1) Applications in Economics Superfund: a Highly Inefficient Cleanup Program 714 (3) Future Directions for Regulatory Policy 717 (1) Key Points 718 (1) Critical Analysis Questions 718 (1) Resource Management: How Property Rights and Markets Replace Conflict with Cooperation 719 (10) Property Rights: The Key to Environmental Quality 720 (4) Applications in Economics Looking Ahead at the Flying D Ranch 724 (1) How Property Rights Affect Environmental Quality and Life Expectancy 724 (1) Markets, Economizing, and Resource Conservation 724 (2) Applications in Economics Managing Forests for Nature, Too 726 (2) Key Points 728 (1) Critical Analysis Questions 728 (1) Difficult Environmental Cases and the Role of Government 729 (10) Government Regulation and the Environment 730 (1) Climate Change and the Uncertainty Problem 730 (2) Market-like Schemes: Reducing the Cost of Specific Regulations 732 (1) Applications in Economics Fighting the Risks of Global Warming: Mitigation or Adaptation? ...”