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Fundamentals of human resource management : emerging experiences from Africa / by Itika, Josephat Stephen

Table of Contents: “…Recruitment and selection 75 6. Performance management 93 7. Reward systems management 115 8. …”
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Fundamentals of human resource management : emerging experiences from Africa / by Itika, Josephat Stephen

Table of Contents: “…Recruitment and selection 75 6. Performance management 93 7. Reward systems management 115 8. …”
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Services management : an integrated approach

Table of Contents: “…341 (4) The impact of IT developments on service encounters 345 (15) Action strategies for the new media 360 (6) Conclusion 366 (1) Review and discussion questions 366 (1) Notes and references 366 (3) Suggested further reading 369 (2) Part Five: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH 371 (1) 18 Performance measurement systems in service firms 373 (104) Paul Gemmel, Kurt Verweire, Gino Van Ossel, Werner Bruggeman, Roland Van Dierdonck, Bart Van Looy Introduction 373 (1) Objectives 374 (27) Designing performance measurement systems for services 374 (14) Implementing an integrated performance measurement system 388 (13) Conclusion 401 (1) Review and discussion questions 401 (1) Technical note 401 (1) Notes and references 401 (2) Suggested further reading 403 (1) 19 Managing innovation in a service environment 404 (1) Koenraad Debackere, Bart Van Looy Introduction 404 (1) Objectives 405 (19) Innovations as spiral processes: the value-constellation approach 406 (3) Innovation portfolio management 409 (5) Organizing the innovation portfolio: the make-or-buy decision 414 (2) The operational management of innovation 416 (7) Conclusion 423 (1) Review and discussion questions 424 (1) Notes and references 424 (2) Suggested further reading 426 (1) 20 Managing services across national boundaries 427 (1) Roland Van Dierdonck Introduction 427 (4) Objectives 431 (20) Why internationalize? …”

Cost and management accounting : an introduction

Table of Contents: “…Preface xiii Part One Introduction to Cost and Management Accounting 1 (38) Introduction to management accounting 3 (16) The users of accounting information 4 (1) Differences between management accounting and financial accounting 5 (1) The decision-making process 5 (5) Changing competitive environment 10 (1) Focus on customer satisfaction and new management approaches 10 (3) The impact of the changing environment of management accounting systems 13 (1) Functions of management accounting 14 (2) Summary of the contents of this book 16 (3) An introduction to cost terms and concepts 19 (20) Cost objects 19 (1) Direct and indirect costs 20 (2) Period and product costs 22 (1) Cost behaviour 22 (5) Relevant and irrelevant costs and revenues 27 (1) Avoidable and unavoidable costs 28 (1) Sunk costs 28 (1) Opportunity costs 28 (1) Incremental and marginal costs 29 (1) Job costing and process costing systems 30 (1) Maintaining a cost database 30 (9) Part Two Cost Accumulation for Inventory Valuation and Profit Measurement 39 (158) Accounting for labour and materials 41 (30) Accounting for labour costs 42 (2) Accounting treatment of various labour cost items 44 (1) Materials recording procedure 45 (2) Pricing the issues of materials 47 (4) Issues relating to accounting for materials 51 (2) Quantitative models for the planning and control of stocks 53 (1) Relevant costs for quantitative models under conditions of certainty 53 (1) Determining the economic order quantity 54 (3) Assumptions of the EOQ formula 57 (1) Determining when to place the order 57 (1) Control of stocks through classification 58 (1) Materials requirement planning 59 (1) Just-in-time systems 60 (11) Cost assignment 71 (36) Assignment of direct and indirect costs 72 (1) Different costs for different purposes 72 (2) Cost-benefit issues and cost systems design 74 (1) Assigning direct costs to objects 75 (1) Plant-wide (blanket) overhead rates 75 (2) The two-stage allocation process 77 (1) An illustration of the two-stage process for a traditional costing system 78 (7) Extracting relevant costs for decision-making 85 (1) Budgeted overhead rates 85 (1) Under-and over-recovery of overheads 86 (1) Maintaining the database at standard costs 87 (1) Non-manufacturing overheads 88 (4) Appendix 4.1: Inter-service department reallocations 92 (4) Appendix 4.2: Other allocation bases used by traditional systems 96 (11) Accounting entries for a job costing system 107 (24) Control accounts 108 (1) Recording the purchase of raw materials 109 (1) Recording the issue of materials 109 (3) Accounting procedure for labour costs 112 (1) Accounting procedure for manufacturing overheads 113 (2) Non-manufacturing overheads 115 (1) Accounting procedures for jobs completed and products sold 115 (1) Costing profit and loss account 116 (1) Interlocking accounting 116 (1) Contract costing 117 (5) Work in progress valuation and amounts recoverable on contracts 122 (9) Process costing 131 (32) Flow of production and costs in a process costing system 132 (1) Process costing when all output is fully complete 133 (6) Process costing with ending work in progress partially complete 139 (3) Beginning and ending work in progress of uncompleted units 142 (5) Partially completed output and losses in process 147 (1) Process costing for decision-making and control 147 (1) Batch/operating costing 148 (1) Surveys of practice 149 (3) Appendix 6.1: Losses in process and partially completed units 152 (11) Joint and by-product costing 163 (16) Distinguishing between joint products and by-products 163 (2) Methods of allocating joint costs 165 (7) Irrelevance of joint cost allocations for decision-making 172 (1) Accounting for by-products 173 (1) By-products, scrap and waste 174 (5) Income effects of alternative cost accumulation systems 179 (18) External and internal reporting 180 (1) Variable costing 181 (1) Absorption costing 182 (1) Variable costing and absorption costing: a comparison of their impact on profit 183 (3) A mathematical model of the profit functions 186 (1) Some arguments in support of variable costing 187 (1) Some arguments in support of absorption costing 188 (1) Surveys of company practice 189 (2) Appendix 8.1: Derivation of the profit function for an absorption costing system 191 (6) Part Three Information for Decision-making 197 (112) Cost-volume--profit analysis 199 (30) The economist's model 200 (2) The accountant's cost--volume--profit model 202 (2) A mathematical approach to cost-volume--profit analysis 204 (4) Margin of safety 208 (1) Constructing the break-even chart 208 (1) Alternative presentation of cost--volume--profit analysis 208 (2) Multi-product cost--volume--profit analysis 210 (3) Cost--volume--profit analysis assumptions 213 (3) Cost--volume--profit analysis and computer applications 216 (1) Separation of semi-variable costs 216 (13) Measuring relevant costs and revenues for decision-making 229 (28) The meaning of relevance 230 (1) Importance of qualitative factors 230 (1) Special pricing decisions 231 (4) Product-mix decisions when capacity constraints exist 235 (2) Replacement of equipment -- the irrelevance of past costs 237 (2) Outsourcing and make or buy decisions 239 (4) Discontinuation decisions 243 (2) Determining the relevant costs of direct materials 245 (1) Determining the relevant costs of direct labour 245 (12) Activity-based costing 257 (28) The role of a cost accumulation system in generating relevant cost information for decision-making 258 (1) Types of cost systems 259 (1) A comparison of traditional and ABC systems 260 (2) The emergence of ABC systems 262 (1) Volume-based and non-volume-based cost drivers 262 (3) An illustration of the two-stage process for an ABC system 265 (4) Designing ABC systems 269 (3) Activity hierarchies 272 (1) Cost versus benefits considerations 273 (1) Periodic review of an ABC data base 274 (1) ABC in service organizations 274 (1) ABC cost management applications 275 (10) Capital investment decisions 285 (24) The opportunity cost of an investment 286 (1) Compounding and discounting 286 (2) The concept of net present value 288 (2) Calculating net present values 290 (1) The internal rate of return 291 (3) Relevant cash flows 294 (1) Timing of cash flows 294 (1) Techniques that ignore the time value of money 295 (1) Payback method 295 (3) Accounting rate of return 298 (1) Qualitative factors 299 (2) Appendix 12.1: Taxation and investment decisions 301 (8) Part Four Information for Planning, Control and Performance Measurement 309 (106) The budgeting process 311 (28) Relationship between budgeting and long-term planning 312 (1) The multiple functions of budgets 312 (2) Conflicting roles of budgets 314 (1) The budget period 314 (1) Administration of the budgeting process 315 (1) Stages in the budgeting process 316 (4) A detailed illustration 320 (1) Sales budget 320 (3) Production budget and budgeted stock levels 323 (1) Direct materials usage budget 324 (1) Direct materials purchase budget 324 (1) Direct labour budget 325 (1) Factory overhead budget 325 (1) Selling and administration budget 326 (1) Departmental budgets 327 (1) Master budget 327 (2) Cash budgets 329 (1) Final review 329 (1) Computerized budgeting 330 (9) Management control systems 339 (28) Different types of controls 340 (3) Cybernetic control systems 343 (1) Feedback and feed-forward controls 343 (1) Management accounting control systems 344 (1) Responsibility centres 344 (2) The nature of management accounting control systems 346 (1) The controllability principle 347 (4) Setting financial performance targets 351 (1) Participation in the budgeting and target setting process 352 (2) Non-financial performance measures 354 (1) Activity-based cost management 355 (12) Standard costing and variance analysis 367 (48) Operation of a standard costing system 368 (3) Establishing cost standards 371 (3) Types of cost standards 374 (4) Variance analysis 378 (1) Material variances 378 (1) Material price variances 379 (2) Material usage variance 381 (1) Total material variance 382 (1) Labour variances 382 (1) Wage rate variance 382 (1) Labour efficiency variance 383 (1) Total labour variance 384 (1) Variable overhead variances 384 (1) Variable overhead expenditure variance 384 (1) Variable overhead efficiency variance 385 (1) Similarities between materials, labour and overhead variances 386 (1) Fixed overhead expenditure or spending variance 386 (1) Sales variances 387 (1) Total sales margin variance 387 (1) Sales margin price variance 388 (1) Sales margin volume variance 389 (1) Reconciling budgeted profit and actual profit 389 (1) Standard absorption costing 389 (2) Volume variance 391 (1) Volume efficiency variance 392 (1) Volume capacity variance 393 (1) Summary of fixed overhead variances 393 (1) Reconciliation of budgeted and actual profit for a standard absorption costing system 393 (2) Performance reports 395 (3) Recording standard costs in the accounts 398 (17) Questions 415 (126) Bibliography 541 (4) Appendices 545 (4) Appendix A 546 (1) Appendix B 547 (2) Index 549…”

A preface to marketing management / by Peter, J. Paul

Table of Contents: “…4 (9) Strategic Planning and Marketing Management 4 (1) The Strategic Planning Process 5 (8) The Complete Strategic Plan 13 (1) The Marketing Management Process 13 (5) Situation Analysis 14 (2) Marketing Planning 16 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 18 (1) Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research 18 (1) The Strategic Plan, the Marketing Plan, and Other Functional Area Plans 18 (2) Marketing's Role in Cross-Functional Strategic Planning 18 (2) Conclusion 20 (3) Appendix Portfolio Models 23 (4) PART B MARKETING INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKET 27 (50) Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making 28 (12) The Role of Marketing Research 28 (1) The Marketing Research Process 29 (9) Purpose of the Research 29 (1) Plan of the Research 30 (5) Performance of the Research 35 (1) Processing of Research Data 35 (1) Preparation of the Research Report 36 (1) Limitations of the Research Process 36 (2) Marketing Information Systems 38 (1) Conclusion 39 (1) Consumer Behavior 40 (13) Social Influences on Consumer Decision Making 41 (2) Culture and Subculture 41 (1) Social Class 42 (1) Reference Groups and Families 43 (1) Marketing Influences on Consumer Decision Making 43 (2) Product Influences 43 (1) Price Influences 43 (1) Promotion Influences 44 (1) Place Influences 44 (1) Situational Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Psychological Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Product Knowledge 45 (1) Product Involvement 46 (1) Consumer Decision Making 46 (6) Need Recognition 47 (1) Alternative Search 48 (1) Alternative Evaluation 49 (1) Purchase Decision 49 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 50 (2) Conclusion 52 (1) Business, Government, and Institutional Buying 53 (11) Categories of Organizational Buyers 53 (1) Producers 53 (1) Intermediaries 54 (1) Government Agencies 54 (1) Other Institutions 54 (1) The Organizational Buying Process 54 (1) Purchase-Type Influences on Organizational Buying 55 (1) Straight Rebuy 55 (1) Modified Rebuy 55 (1) New Task Purchase 55 (1) Structural Influences on Organizational Buying 56 (2) Purchasing Roles 56 (1) Organization-Specific Factors 57 (1) Purchasing Policies and Procedures 57 (1) Behavioral Influences on Organizational Buying 58 (2) Personal Motivations 58 (1) Role Perceptions 58 (2) Stages in the Organizational Buying Process 60 (3) Organizational Need 61 (1) Vendor Analysis 61 (1) Purchase Activities 61 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 61 (2) Conclusion 63 (1) Market Segmentation 64 (13) Delineate the Firm's Current Situation 64 (1) Determine Consumer Needs and Wants 65 (1) Divide Markets on Relevant Dimensions 65 (8) A Priori versus Post Hoc Segmentation 66 (1) Relevance of Segmentation Dimensions 66 (1) Bases for Segmentation 67 (6) Develop Product Positioning 73 (1) Decide Segmentation Strategy 74 (1) Design Marketing Mix Strategy 75 (1) Conclusion 76 (1) PART C THE MARKETING MIX 77 (90) Product and Brand Strategy 78 (16) Basic Issues in Product Management 78 (9) Product Definition 78 (1) Product Classification 79 (1) Product Quality and Value 80 (1) Product Mix and Product Line 81 (1) Branding and Brand Equity 82 (4) Packaging 86 (1) Product Life Cycle 87 (2) Product Adoption and Diffusion 89 (1) The Product Audit 90 (2) Deletions 90 (1) Product Improvement 90 (2) Organizing for Product Management 92 (1) Conclusion 93 (1) New Product Planning and Development 94 (13) New Product Strategy 95 (2) New Product Planning and Development Process 97 (5) Idea Generation 97 (2) Idea Screening 99 (1) Project Planning 99 (1) Product Development 100 (1) Test Marketing 100 (1) Commercialization 101 (1) The Importance of Time 101 (1) Some Important New Product Decisions 102 (3) Quality Level 102 (2) Product Features 104 (1) Product Design 104 (1) Product Safety 104 (1) Causes of New Product Failure 105 (1) Need for Research 105 (1) Conclusion 106 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications: Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, and Direct Marketing 107 (19) Strategic Goals of Marketing Communication 107 (1) Create Awareness 107 (1) Build Positive Images 108 (1) Identify Prospects 108 (1) Build Channel Relationships 108 (1) Retain Customers 108 (1) The Promotion Mix 108 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications 109 (2) Advertising: Planning and Strategy 111 (1) Objectives of Advertising 111 (1) Advertising Decisions 112 (7) The Expenditure Question 113 (2) The Allocation Question 115 (4) Sales Promotion 119 (4) Push versus Pull Marketing 119 (2) Trade Sales Promotions 121 (1) Consumer Promotions 121 (1) What Sales Promotion Can and Can't Do 121 (2) Public Relations 123 (1) Direct Marketing 123 (1) Conclusion 124 (1) Appendix: Major Federal Agencies Involved in Control of Advertising 125 (1) Personal Selling, Relationship Building, and Sales Management 126 (15) Importance of Personal Selling 126 (1) The Sales Process 127 (7) Objectives of the Sales Force 127 (1) The Sales Relationship-Building Process 128 (5) People Who Support the Sales Force 133 (1) Managing the Sales and Relationship-Building Process 134 (6) The Sales Management Task 135 (1) Controlling the Sales Force 136 (3) Motivating and Compensating Performance 139 (1) Conclusion 140 (1) Distribution Strategy 141 (16) The Need for Marketing Intermediaries 141 (1) Classification of Marketing Intermediaries and Functions 141 (2) Channels of Distribution 143 (1) Selecting Channels of Distribution 144 (3) Specific Considerations 144 (3) Managing a Channel of Distribution 147 (3) Relationship Marketing in Channels 147 (1) Vertical Marketing Systems 147 (3) Wholesaling 150 (1) Store and Nonstore Retailing 151 (4) Store Retailing 151 (1) Nonstore Retailing 152 (3) Conclusion 155 (2) Pricing Strategy 157 (10) Demand Influences on Pricing Decisions 157 (2) Demographic Factors 157 (1) Psychological Factors 157 (1) Price Elasticity 158 (1) Supply Influences on Pricing Decisions 159 (3) Pricing Objectives 159 (1) Cost Considerations in Pricing 159 (2) Product Considerations in Pricing 161 (1) Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions 162 (1) Competition 162 (1) Government Regulations 162 (1) A General Pricing Model 163 (3) Set Pricing Objectives 163 (1) Evaluate Product-Price Relationships 163 (1) Estimate Costs and Other Price Limitations 164 (1) Analyze Profit Potential 165 (1) Set Initial Price Structure 165 (1) Change Price as Needed 166 (1) Conclusion 166 (1) PART D MARKETING IN SPECIAL FIELDS 167 (32) The Marketing of Services 168 (15) Important Characteristics of Services 170 (4) Intangibility 170 (1) Inseparability 171 (1) Perishability and Fluctuating Demand 172 (1) Client Relationship 172 (1) Customer Effort 173 (1) Uniformity 174 (1) Providing Quality Services 174 (2) Customer Satisfaction Measurement 175 (1) The Importance of Internal Marketing 175 (1) Overcoming the Obstacles in Service Marketing 176 (2) Limited View of Marketing 177 (1) Limited Competition 177 (1) Noncreative Management 177 (1) No Obsolescence 178 (1) The Service Challenge 178 (4) Banking 179 (1) Health Care 179 (1) Insurance 180 (1) Travel 180 (1) Implications for Service Marketers 181 (1) Conclusion 182 (1) Global Marketing 183 (16) The Competitive Advantage of Nations 184 (1) Organizing for Global Marketing 185 (5) Problems with Entering Foreign Markets 185 (2) Organizing the Multinational Company 187 (3) Programming for Global Marketing 190 (5) Global Marketing Research 190 (2) Global Product Strategy 192 (1) Global Distribution Strategy 193 (1) Global Pricing Strategy 194 (1) Global Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy 194 (1) Entry and Growth Strategies for Global Marketing 195 (2) Conclusion 197 (2) SECTION II ANALYZING MARKETING PROBLEMS AND CASES 199 (14) A Case Analysis Framework 200 (7) Analyze and Record the Current Situation 201 (4) Analyze and Record Problems and Their Core Elements 205 (1) Formulate, Evaluate, and Record Alternative Courses of Action 206 (1) Select and Record the Chosen Alternative and Implementation Details 206 (1) Pitfalls to Avoid in Case Analysis 207 (1) Communicating Case Analyses 208 (4) The Written Report 209 (2) The Oral Presentation 211 (1) Conclusion 212 (1) SECTION III FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING DECISIONS 213 (10) Financial Analysis 214 (8) Break-Even Analysis 214 (2) Net Present Value Analysis 216 (2) Ratio Analysis 218 (4) Conclusion 222 (1) SECTION IV DEVELOPING MARKETING PLANS 223 (12) A Marketing Plan Framework 224 (9) Title Page 225 (1) Executive Summary 225 (1) Table of Contents 226 (1) Introduction 226 (1) Situational Analysis 226 (1) Marketing Planning 226 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 228 (2) Summary 230 (1) Appendix---Financial Analysis 230 (3) References 233 (1) Conclusion 233 (2) Chapter Notes 235 (7) Index 242…”

OM / by Collier, David A.

Table of Contents: “…Goods, Services, and Operations Management 2 (16) Operations Management 3 (1) OM in the Workplace 4 (2) Understanding Goods and Services 6 (2) Customer Benefit Packages 8 (3) Processes 11 (1) OM: A History of Change and Challenge 12 (2) A Focus on Efficiency 12 (1) The Quality Revolution 12 (1) Customization and Design 13 (1) Time-Based Competition 14 (1) The Service Revolution 14 (1) Current Challenges in OM 14 (4) Value Chains 18 (20) The Concept of Value 20 (1) Value Chain Perspectives 21 (4) An Example of a Value Chain: Buhrke Industries, Inc 23 (2) Supply Chains 25 (1) Value Chain Decisions 26 (3) Outsourcing and Vertical Integration 26 (1) The Economics of Outsourcing 27 (1) Value and Supply Chain Integration 28 (1) Offshoring 29 (3) Value Chains in a Global Business Environment 32 (6) A Global Value Chain: Rocky Shoes & Boots Company 32 (1) Issues in Global Value Chain Decisions 33 (1) Value Chains and Local Culture 34 (4) Measuring Performance in Operations 38 (20) Performance Measurement 39 (6) Financial Measures 40 (1) Customer and Market Measures 41 (1) Safety 42 (1) Quality 42 (1) Time 43 (1) Flexibility 44 (1) Innovation and Learning 44 (1) Productivity 45 (1) Linking Internal and External Measures 46 (1) The Value of a Loyal Customer 46 (1) Designing Measurement Systems in Operations 47 (1) Models of Organizational Performance 48 (10) Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Framework 48 (2) The Balanced Scorecard 50 (1) The Value Chain Model 51 (1) The Service-Profit Chain 52 (6) Operations Strategy 58 (18) Gaining Competitive Advantage 59 (1) Understanding Customer Requirements 60 (2) Evaluating Goods and Services 62 (1) Competitive Priorities 63 (4) Cost 64 (1) Quality 64 (2) Time 66 (1) Flexibility 66 (1) Innovation 66 (1) OM and Strategic Planning 67 (9) Operations Strategy at McDonald's 70 (6) Technology and Operations Management 76 (16) Understanding Technology in Operations 78 (2) Manufacturing Technology 78 (1) Service Technology 79 (1) Technology in Value Chains 80 (2) Integrated Operating Systems 82 (3) Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS) 82 (1) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems 83 (1) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems 84 (1) Revenue Management Systems (RMS) 84 (1) Benefits and Challenges of Technology 85 (2) Technology Development and Adoption 87 (5) Goods and Service Design 92 (20) Desigining Goods and Services 93 (3) Robust Design and the Taguchi Loss Function 96 (2) Reliability 98 (1) Quality Function Deployment 99 (2) Product and Process Design in Manufacturing 101 (2) Quality Engineering 102 (1) Product and Process Simplification 102 (1) Design for Environmental Quality 103 (1) Service Delivery System Design 103 (2) Facility Location and Layout 104 (1) Servicescape 104 (1) Service Process and Job Design 104 (1) Technology and Information Support Systems 105 (1) Organizational Structure 105 (1) Service Encounter Design 105 (2) Customer Contact Behavior and Skills 106 (1) Service-Provider Selection, Development, and Empowerment 106 (1) Recognition and Reward 107 (1) Service Recovery and Guarantees 107 (1) An Integrative Case Study of LensCrafters 107 (5) Process Selection, Design, and Analysis 112 (20) Process Choice Decisions 114 (1) The Product-Process Matrix 115 (2) The Service-Positioning Matrix 117 (3) Process Design 120 (4) Process and Value Stream Mapping 121 (3) Process Analysis and Improvement 124 (2) Process Design and Resource Utilization 126 (6) Little's Law 128 (4) Facility and Work Design 132 (20) Facility Layout 134 (4) Product Layout 134 (1) Process Layout 135 (1) Cellular Layout 135 (1) Fixed-Position Layout 136 (1) Facility Layout in Service Organizations 137 (1) Designing Product Layouts 138 (5) Assembly Line Balancing 139 (2) Line Balancing Approaches 141 (2) Designing Process Layouts 143 (1) Workplace Design 144 (2) The Human Side of Work 146 (6) Supply Chain Design 152 (18) Understanding Supply Chains 154 (4) The Value and Supply Chain at Dell, Inc 156 (2) Designing the Supply Chain 158 (5) Efficient and Responsive Supply Chains 158 (1) Push and Pull Systems 158 (3) Supply Chain Design for Multisite Services 161 (1) Supply Chain Metrics 161 (1) The Bullwhip Effect 161 (2) Location Decisions in Supply Chains 163 (3) Critical Factors in Location Decisions 164 (1) Location Decision Process 164 (1) The Center of Gravity Method 165 (1) Other Issues in Supply Chain Management 166 (4) Capacity Management 170 (16) Understanding Capacity 172 (2) Economies and Diseconomies of Scale 172 (2) Capacity Measurement 174 (3) Safety Capacity 174 (1) Capacity Measurement in Job Shops 174 (1) Using Capacity Measures for Operations Planning 175 (2) Long-Term Capacity Strategies 177 (3) Capacity Expansion 178 (2) Short-Term Capacity Management 180 (1) Managing Capacity by Adjusting Short-Term Capacity Levels 180 (1) Managing Capacity by Shifting and Stimulating Demand 180 (1) Theory of Constraints 181 (5) Forecasting and Demand Planning 186 (22) Forecasting and Demand Planning 188 (1) Basic Concepts in Forecasting 189 (5) Forecast Planning Horizon 189 (1) Data Patterns in Time Series 190 (2) Forecast Errors and Accuracy 192 (2) Statistical Forecasting Models 194 (5) Single Moving Average 194 (2) Single Exponential Smoothing 196 (3) Regression as a Forecasting Approach 199 (4) Excel's Add Trendline Option 200 (1) Causal Forecasting Models with Multiple Regression 201 (2) Judgmental Forecating 203 (1) Forecasting in Practice 204 (4) Managing Inventories 208 (20) Understanding Inventory 210 (3) Key Definitions and Concepts 210 (2) Inventory Management Decisions and Costs 212 (1) Inventory Characteristics 213 (2) ABC Inventory Analysis 215 (1) Fixed Quantity Systems 215 (4) The EOQ Model 219 (3) Fixed Period Systems 222 (2) Single-Period Inventory Model 224 (4) Resource Management 228 (24) Resource Planning Framework for Goods and Services 230 (3) Aggregate Planning Options 233 (1) Strategies for Aggregate Planning 234 (2) Disaggregation in Manufacturing 236 (9) Master Production Scheduling 237 (1) Materials Requirements Planning 238 (2) Time Phasing and Lot Sizing in MRP 240 (5) Capacity Requirements Planning 245 (7) Operations Scheduling and Sequencing 252 (18) Understanding Scheduling and Sequencing 254 (1) Scheduling Applications and Approaches 255 (4) Staff Scheduling 255 (2) Appointment Systems 257 (2) Sequencing 259 (1) Sequencing Performance Criteria 259 (1) Sequencing Rules 260 (1) Applications of Sequencing Rules 260 (6) Single-Resource Sequencing Problem 260 (2) Two-Resource Sequencing Problem 262 (4) Schedule Monitoring and Control 266 (4) Quality Management 270 (18) Understanding Quality 272 (2) Influential Leaders in Modern Quality Management 274 (2) W. …”

LINUX : the textbook / by Sarwar, Syed Mansoor

Table of Contents: “…44 (1) Various Ways to Change Your Shell 45 (3) Shell Start-up Files and Environment Variables 48 (1) Some Useful General-Purpose Commands 49 (7) Creating and Displaying Directories 49 (2) Displaying Files 51 (1) Printing Files 51 (1) Displaying a Calendar 51 (1) One-Way Real-Time Messaging 52 (1) Notification of and Permission for Electronic Communication 52 (1) Creating Pseudonyms for Commands 53 (3) Displaying System Up Time 56 (1) Shell Metacharacters 56 (5) Summary 58 (1) Problems 59 (2) Editing Text Files 61 (46) Introduction 62 (1) How to Do Short and Simple Edits by Using the pico Editor 63 (6) Creating the Text of an E-mail Message with the pico Text Editor 63 (1) How to Start, Save a File, and Exit 64 (2) General Keystroke Commands and Cursor Movement 66 (2) Cutting, Pasting, and Searching 68 (1) Obtaining More Control Using the vi Editor 69 (15) Shell Script File 70 (2) How to Start, Save a File, and Exit 72 (1) The Format of a vi Command and the Modes of Operation 73 (5) Cursor Movement and Editing Commands 78 (2) Yank and Put (Copy and Paste) and Substitute (Search and Replace) 80 (3) Setting the vi Environment 83 (1) Executing Shell Commands from Within vi 84 (1) Getting Maximum Control by Using the emacs Editor 84 (11) DOS Aliases 84 (2) How to Start, Save a File, and Exit 86 (1) Cursor Movement and Editing Commands 87 (1) Keyboard Macros 88 (3) Cut or Copy and Paste and Search and Replace 91 (4) How to do Graphical Editing by Using XEmacs 95 (5) Editing Data Files with XEmacs 95 (2) XEmacs Menus and Buttons 97 (1) How to Start, Save a File, and Exit 98 (2) Command Line Editing 100 (7) Summary 104 (1) Problems 104 (3) Electronic Mail 107 (52) Introduction 108 (3) How to Use the LINUX mail Command Effectively 111 (9) Sending and Reading E-mail with the LINUX mail Command 111 (1) Sending E-mail with the mail Command 112 (3) Reading E-mail with mail 115 (2) Saving Messages in Folders 117 (1) Replying to and Forwarding Messages and Including Attachments 118 (1) mail Aliases 119 (1) elm---A Full-Screen Display E-mail System 120 (11) Sending a Message in elm 121 (1) Sending E-mail with elm 121 (1) Reading E-mail in elm 121 (5) Forwarding and Replying to an E-mail message in elm 126 (3) Saving Messages in Folders 129 (1) elm Aliases 129 (2) pine---Another Full-Screen Display E-mail System Sending an E-mail Message by Using pine with an Attachment Created in vi 131 (3) Sending E-mail with pine 134 (2) Reading E-mail with pine 136 (1) Disposing of E-mail in Folders in pine 137 (2) Using the pine Address Book 139 (4) A Summary of pine Commands 143 (1) Graphical E-mail with Kmail 144 (15) Starting Out with Kmail 145 (2) Reading E-mail in Kmail 147 (3) Sending E-mail in Kmail 150 (2) Simple Filtering of E-mail into Folders 152 (2) Summary 154 (1) Problems 155 (4) Files and File System Structure 159 (38) Introduction 159 (1) The LINUX File Concept 160 (1) Types of Files 160 (3) Simple/Ordinary File 160 (1) Directory 161 (1) Link File 162 (1) Special File (Device) 162 (1) Named Pipe (FIFO) 163 (1) File System Structure 163 (7) File System Organization 163 (1) Home and Present Working Directories 164 (1) Pathnames: Absolute and Relative 164 (1) Some Standard Directories and Files 165 (5) Navigating the File Structure 170 (18) Determining the Absolute Pathname for Your Home Directory 171 (1) Browsing the File System 172 (4) Creating Files 176 (1) Creating and Removing Directories 176 (2) Manipulating the Directory Stack 178 (5) Determining File Attributes 183 (4) Determining the Type of a File's Contents 187 (1) File Representation and Storage in LINUX 188 (3) Standard Files and File Descriptors 191 (1) End of File (eof) Marker 192 (5) Summary 193 (1) Problems 194 (3) File Security 197 (22) Introduction 198 (1) Password-Based Protection 198 (1) Encryption-Based Protection 198 (2) Protection-Based on Access Permission 200 (1) Types of Users 200 (1) Types of File Operations/Access Permissions 200 (1) Determining and Changing File Access Privileges 201 (10) Determining File Access Privileges 202 (2) Changing File Access Privilages 204 (5) Default File Access Privileges 209 (2) Special Access Bits 211 (5) The Set-User-ID (SUID) Bit 211 (2) The Set-Group-ID (SGID) Bit 213 (1) The Sticky Bit 214 (2) File Permissions and Types 216 (3) Summary 216 (1) Problems 217 (2) Basic File Processing 219 (40) Introduction 220 (1) Viewing Contents of Text Files 220 (11) Viewing Complete Files 220 (3) Viewing Files One Page at a Time 223 (4) Viewing the Head or Tail of a File 227 (4) Copying, Moving, and Removing Files 231 (9) Copying Files 231 (3) Moving Files 234 (2) Removing/Deleting Files 236 (2) Determining File Size 238 (2) Appending to Files 240 (2) Combining Files 242 (2) Comparing Files 244 (5) Removing Repeated Lines 249 (2) Printing Files and Controlling Print Jobs 251 (8) LINUX Mechanism for Printing Files 251 (1) Printing Files 252 (2) Finding the Status of a Print Request 254 (1) Canceling Print Jobs 254 (2) Summary 256 (1) Problems 257 (2) Advanced File Processing 259 (42) Introduction 260 (1) Regular Expressions 260 (2) Compressing Files 262 (6) The gzip Command 263 (1) The gunzip Command 264 (1) The gzexe Command 265 (1) The zcat Command 266 (1) The zforce Command 267 (1) Sorting Files 268 (3) Searching for Commands and Files 271 (4) The find Command 272 (2) The where is Command 274 (1) The which Command 275 (1) Searching Files 275 (6) Cutting and Pasting 281 (5) Encoding and Decoding 286 (2) Command History 288 (13) Summary 297 (1) Problems 298 (3) File Sharing 301 (24) Introduction 302 (1) Duplicate Shared Files 302 (1) Common Login for Members of a Team 302 (1) Setting Appropriate Access Permissions on Shared Files 303 (1) Common Group for Members of a Team 303 (1) File Sharing via Links 303 (18) Hard Links 304 (8) Drawbacks of Hard Links 312 (2) Soft/Symbolic Links 314 (5) Types of Symbolic Links 319 (1) Pros and Cons of Symbolic Links 319 (2) Searching for Symbolic Links 321 (4) Summary 322 (1) Problems 323 (2) Redirection and Piping 325 (30) Introduction 326 (1) Standard Files 326 (1) Input Redirection 326 (2) Output Redirection 328 (2) Combining Input and Output Redirection 330 (1) I/O Redirection with File Descriptors 331 (1) Redirecting Standard Error 332 (1) Redirecting stdout and stderr in One Command 333 (2) Redirecting stdin, stdout, and stderr in One Command 335 (2) Redirecting Without Overwriting File Contents (Appending) 337 (2) LINUX pipes 339 (4) Redirection and Piping Combined 343 (2) Error Redirection in the TC Shell 345 (4) Recap of I/O and Error Redirection 349 (6) Summary 351 (1) Problems 352 (3) Processes 355 (46) Introduction 356 (1) Running Multiple Processes Simultaneously 356 (1) LINUX Process States 357 (1) Execution of Shell Commands 357 (5) Process Attributes 362 (11) Process and Job Control 373 (20) Foreground and Background Processes and Related Commands 373 (8) LINUX Daemons 381 (1) Sequential and Parallel Execution of Commands 382 (5) Abnormal Termination of Commands and Processes 387 (5) Conditional Command Execution 392 (1) Process Hierarchy in LINUX 393 (8) Summary 397 (1) Problems 398 (3) Networks and Internetworking 401 (48) Introduction 402 (1) Computer Networks and Internetworks 402 (1) The Reasons for Computer Networks and Internetworks 403 (1) Network Models 404 (2) The TCP/IP Protocol Suite 406 (8) TCP and UDP 406 (1) Routing of Application Data---The Internet Protocol (IP) 407 (2) Ipv4 Addresses in Dotted Decimal Notation 409 (1) Symbolic Names 410 (2) Translating Names to IP Addresses---The Domain Name System 412 (2) Internet Services and Protocols 414 (1) The Client-Server Software Model 415 (1) Application Software 416 (33) Displaying the Host Name 416 (1) Displaying List of Users Using Hosts on a Network 417 (2) Displaying the Status of Hosts on a Network 419 (1) Testing a Network Connection 420 (2) Displaying Information About Users 422 (3) Remote Login 425 (8) Remote Command Execution 433 (3) File Transfer 436 (3) Remote Copy 439 (3) Interactive Chat 442 (1) Tracing the Route from One Site to Another Site 443 (2) Summary 445 (1) Problems 445 (4) Introductory Bash Programming 449 (54) Introduction 450 (1) Running a Bash Script 450 (1) Shell Variables and Related Commands 451 (21) Controlling the Prompt 457 (1) Variable Declaration 457 (3) Reading and Writing Shell Variables 460 (4) Command Substitution 464 (1) Exporting Environment 465 (3) Resetting Variables 468 (1) Creating Read-Only User Defined Variables 469 (1) Reading from Standard Input 470 (2) Passing Arguments to Shell Scripts 472 (5) Comments and Program Headers 477 (1) Program Control Flow Commands 478 (25) The if-then-elif-else-fi Statement 478 (10) The for Statement 488 (2) The while Statement 490 (3) The until Statement 493 (1) The break and continue Commands 494 (1) The case Statement 495 (5) Summary 500 (1) Problems 501 (2) Advanced Bash Programming 503 (44) Introduction 504 (1) Numeric Data Processing 504 (10) Array Processing 514 (5) The Here Document 519 (4) Interrupt (Signal) Processing 523 (4) The exec Command and File I/O 527 (11) Execution of a Command without Creating a New Process 528 (2) File I/O via the exec Command 530 (8) Functions In Bash 538 (9) The Reasons for Functions 538 (1) Function Definition 539 (1) Function Invocation/Call 539 (1) Examples of Functions 539 (3) Debugging Shell Programs 542 (2) Summary 544 (1) Problems 545 (2) Introductory TC Shell Programming 547 (42) Introduction 548 (1) Running a TC Shell Script 548 (1) Shell Variables and Related Commands 549 (14) Reading and Writing Shell Variables 553 (2) Command Substitution 555 (1) Exporting Environment 556 (3) Resetting Variables 559 (1) Creating Read-Only User-Defined Variables 560 (1) Reading from Standard Input 561 (2) Passing Arguments to Shell Scripts 563 (4) Comments and Program Headers 567 (1) Program Control Commands 568 (21) The if-then-else-endif Statement 568 (9) The foreach Statement 577 (2) The while Statement 579 (2) The break, continue and goto Commands 581 (1) The switch Statement 582 (4) Summary 586 (1) Problems 586 (3) Advanced TC Shell Programming 589 (20) Introduction 590 (1) Numeric Data Processing 590 (2) Array Processing 592 (6) The Here Document 598 (2) Interrupt (Signal) Processing 600 (5) Debugging Shell Programs 605 (4) Summary 606 (1) Problems 607 (2) File System Backup 609 (16) Introduction 610 (1) Archiving and Restoring Files Via tar 610 (12) Archiving Files 611 (5) Restoring Archived Files 616 (4) Copying Directory Hierarchies 620 (2) Software Distributions in the tar Format 622 (3) Summary 623 (1) Problems 623 (2) LINUX Tools for Software Development 625 (98) Introduction 626 (1) Computer Programming Languages 626 (2) The Compilation Process 628 (1) The Software Engineering Life Cycle 628 (2) Program Generation Tools 630 (67) Generating C Source Files 631 (1) Indenting C Source Code 631 (3) Compiling C Programs 634 (5) Handling Module-Based C Software 639 (13) Creating, Modifying, and Extracting from Libraries/Archives 652 (8) Version Control 660 (37) Static Analysis Tools 697 (7) Profiling C Source Code 698 (6) Dynamic Analysis Tools 704 (19) Source Code Debugging 704 (13) Run-Time Performance 717 (2) Summary 719 (1) Problems 719 (4) Xfree 86 and the LINUX GUI 723 Introduction 724 The Basics of Xfree86 725 Comparisons and Advantages 725 The Key Components of Interactivity---Events and Requests 727 The Role of a Window Manager in the User Interface and fvwm 729 Customizing Xfree86 and fvwm 734 The GNOME Desktop Manager 742 Logging In and Out and the Appearance of the GNOME Desktop 743 The GNOME Panel 744 Customizing the Panel 747 GnoRPM Installation of New Packages 751 The Sawfish Window Manager 755 The GNOME Control Center 760 File Management with the GNOME File Manager 761 The KDE Desktop Manager 763 Logging In and Out 764 The KDE Panel 766 New Packages Installation 771 The K Window Manager 775 The KDE Control Center 778 File Management with kfm 780 Internet Resources 782 Summary 783 Problems 784 Appendix A: LINUX Installation A-1 Appendix B: Command Dictionary A-13 Glossary G-1 Index l-1…”

Software engineering : a programming approach / by Bell, Douglas

Table of Contents: “…200 (1) Formal development: a case study 201 (7) The role of formal development 208 (1) Summary 209 (6) Exercises 210 (1) Answers to self test questions 211 (1) Further reading 211 (4) Part D Programming paradigms The programming language 215 (50) Introduction 215 (1) Design principles 216 (2) Language syntax 218 (3) Control abstractions 221 (6) Data types and strong typing 227 (11) Procedural abstraction 238 (5) Abstract data types 243 (6) Programming in the large 249 (7) The role of programming languages 256 (2) Summary 258 (7) Exercises 258 (2) Answers to self test questions 260 (4) Further reading 264 (1) Object-oriented programming (OOP) 265 (21) Introduction 265 (1) Encapsulation 265 (2) Classes 267 (1) Creating objects 268 (1) Constructor methods 269 (1) Destructor methods 270 (1) Class or static methods 270 (1) Inheritance 271 (3) Single versus multiple inheritance 274 (1) Polymorphism 274 (1) Event-driven programming 275 (1) Case study -- a complete Java program 276 (4) The role of OOP 280 (1) Summary 281 (5) Exercises 282 (2) Answers to self test questions 284 (1) Further reading 285 (1) Concurrent programming 286 (35) Introduction 286 (2) Independent threads 288 (3) Dying and killing 291 (1) The state of a thread 292 (1) Scheduling and thread priorities 293 (1) Mutual exclusion 293 (3) Thread interaction 296 (5) The producer--consumer problem 301 (11) Interruptions 312 (1) Deadlock 313 (1) Conclusions 314 (2) Summary 316 (5) Exercises 316 (2) Answers to self test questions 318 (2) Further reading 320 (1) Functional programming 321 (17) Introduction 321 (1) Procedural languages 322 (2) Characteristics of functional programming 324 (7) Other functional languages 331 (2) The role of functional programming 333 (2) Summary 335 (3) Exercises 336 (1) Answers to self test questions 337 (1) Further reading 337 (1) Logic programming 338 (17) Introduction 338 (2) Facts and rules 340 (2) Execution mechanisms 342 (6) Prolog in use 348 (2) Conclusions 350 (1) Summary 351 (4) Exercises 352 (1) Further reading 352 (3) Part E Implementation Software tools 355 (17) Introduction 355 (1) Tools for programming 356 (1) Not programming tools 357 (1) Examples of tools 357 (8) Discussion 365 (1) Application development tools 365 (4) The physical environment 369 (1) Summary 370 (2) Exercises 371 (1) Answers to self test questions 371 (1) Further reading 371 (1) Verification 372 (24) Introduction 372 (1) The nature of errors 373 (1) The problem of testing 374 (1) Black box (functional) testing 375 (2) White box (structural) testing 377 (2) Walkthroughs and inspections 379 (3) Other testing strategies 382 (1) Discussion 383 (2) System (integration) testing 385 (1) Bottom-up testing 386 (1) Top-down development 387 (3) Summary 390 (6) Exercises 391 (2) Answers to self test questions 393 (2) Further reading 395 (1) Softwar fault tolerance and exceptions 396 (22) Introduction 396 (3) Fault detection by software 399 (3) Fault detection by hardware 402 (3) Dealing with damage 405 (2) Exceptions and exception handlers 407 (3) Recovery blocks 410 (3) N-version programming 413 (1) The role of fault tolerance 414 (1) Summary 414 (4) Exercises 415 (2) Answers to self test questions 417 (1) Further reading 417 (1) Software metrics and quality assurance 418 (12) Introduction 418 (1) Complexity metrics 419 (3) Faults and reliability -- estimating bugs 422 (1) Software quality 423 (2) Quality assurance 425 (1) Process improvement 426 (1) The capability maturity model (CMM) 426 (1) Summary 427 (3) Exercises 428 (1) Answers to self test questions 429 (1) Further reading 429 (1) Project management 430 (19) Introduction 430 (1) The challenge of project management 431 (1) The ingredients of project management 431 (1) Cost estimation 432 (2) Team organization 434 (7) Selecting tools and methods 441 (1) Introducing new methods 442 (1) The project plan 442 (1) Peopleware 443 (1) Summary 444 (5) Exercises 444 (1) Further reading 445 (4) Part F Review Review 449 (14) Introduction 449 (1) Assessing and comparing development methods 450 (2) Software tools 452 (1) Software re-usability 452 (1) The current state of methods 452 (1) A single development method? …”