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Chain empowerment : supporting African farmers to develop markets

书本目录: “...23 (1) Intervention strategies 24 (4) Components of chain interventions 28 (5) 3 Chain actors 33 (22) Setting up an outgrower scheme for pineapples in Ghana 34 (7) Jatropha herbal soap: From project to commercial venture 41 (6) Reviving Mozambique's cashew industry 47 (8) 4 Chain partners 55 (46) Getting Mozambican pineapples to market 56 (6) Forging partnerships between Tanzanian sugarcane producers and millers 62 (6) The Cheetah story: Helping smallholders in Malawi access the paprika market 68 (7) Honey, the liquid gold of the North Rift Valley in Kenya 75 (4) Developing mango market linkages through farmer field schools in Kenya 79 (5) Learning from challenges: Sunflower contract farming in northern Tanzania 84 (5) Organic coffee from Kilimanjaro 89 (5) Farmer field school networks in Western Kenya 94 (7) 5 Chain activity integrators 101 (20) Stepping back to move forward: Fruit juice in NW Tanzania 102 (6) Trading and milling to help HIV-affected households in Kenya 108 (5) Honey and beeswax value chain development in Same, Tanzania 113 (8) 6 Chain co-owners 121 (28) Improving shea and empowering rural women in Mali 122 (6) Finding a niche for vanilla in Uganda 128 (5) Bringing Kaffa forest coffee to the German market 133 (5) Expanding dairying opportunities in Thika District, Kenya 138 (5) Linking potato farmers to restaurants in Uganda 143 (6) 7 Strategies for chain empowerment 149 (14) 1 Upgrading as a chain actor 149 (4) 2 Developing chain partnerships 153 (3) 3 Adding value through vertical integration 156 (3) 4 Developing co-ownership over the chain 159 (4) 8 Facilitating chain development 163 (12) Chain mapping and assessment 164 (3) Chain engagement 167 (1) Chain development 168 (4) Chain monitoring and evaluation 172 (1) Chain learning and innovation 173 (2) 9 Resources 175 SNV's local economic development approach 176 (2) The FAIDA market linkage approach 178 (1) CIAT's rural agro-enterprise development approach 179 (3) CIAT's learning alliance for agro-enterprise development 182 (2) Participatory market chain approach 184 (1) Participatory value chains analysis 185 (2) Value chain development 187 (1) Value chain research 188 (2) Participatory research methods 190 (3) INFO-Cadena: Instruments to foster value chains 193 (2) Publications and CD-ROMs 195 (6) Resource organizations and websites 201 (2) Participants' profiles 203...”

Database systems : an application-oriented approach 由 Kifer, Michael

书本目录: “...Embedded SQLMore on Integrity ConstraintsDynamic SQLJDBC and SQLJODBCComparisonBibliographic NotesExercises PART THREE Optimizing DBMS Performance Chapter 9 Physical Data Organization and IndexingDisk OrganizationHeap FilesSorted FilesIndicesMultilevel IndexingHash IndexingSpecial-Purpose IndicesTuning Issues: Choosing Indices for an ApplicationBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 10 The Basics of Query ProcessingOverview of Query ProcessingExternal SortingComputing Projection, Union, and Set DifferenceComputing SelectionComputing JoinsMultirelational JoinsComputing Aggregate FunctionsBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 11 An Overview of Query OptimizationQuery Processing ArchitectureHeuristic Optimization Based on Algebraic EquivalencesEstimating the Cost of a Query Execution PlanEstimating the Size of the OutputChoosing a PlanBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 12 Database TuningDisk CachesTuning the SchemaTuning the Data Manipulation LanguageToolsManaging Physical ResourcesInfluencing the OptimizerBibliographic NotesExercises PART FOUR Advanced Topics in Databases Chapter 13 Relational Calculus, Visual Query Languages, and Deductive DatabasesTuple Relational CalculusUnderstanding SQL through Tuple Relational CalculusDomain Relational Calculus and Visual Query LanguagesVisual Query Languages: QBE and PC DatabasesThe Relationship between Relational Algebra and the CalculiDeductive DatabasesBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 14 Object DatabasesLimitations of the Relational Data ModelObject Databases versus Relational DatabasesThe Conceptual Object Data ModelObjects in SQL:1999 and SQL:2003The ODMG StandardCommon Object Request Broker ArchitectureBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 15 XML and Web DataSemistructured Data Overview of XMLXML SchemaXML Query LanguagesBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 16 Distributed DatabasesThe Application Designer's View of the DatabaseDistributing Data among Different DatabasesQuery Planning StrategiesBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 17 OLAP and Data MiningOLAP and Data Warehouses-Old and NewA Multidimensional Model for OLAP ApplicationsAggregationROLAP and MOLAPImplementation IssuesPopulating a Data WarehouseData Mining TasksMining AssociationsClassification and Prediction Using Decision TreesClassification and Prediction Using Neural NetsClusteringBibliographic NotesExercises PART FIVE Transaction Processing Chapter 18 ACID Properties of TransactionsConsistencyAtomicityDurabilityIsolationThe ACID PropertiesBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 19 Models of TransactionsFlat TransactionsProviding Structure within a TransactionStructuring an Application as Multiple TransactionsBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 20 Implementing IsolationSchedules and Schedule EquivalenceRecoverability, Cascaded Aborts, and StrictnessModels for Concurrency ControlA Strategy for Immediate-Update Pessimistic Concurrency ControlsDesign of an Immediate-Update Pessimistic Concurrency ControlObjects and Semantic CommutativityAtomicity, Recoverability, and Compensating OperationsIsolation in Structured Transaction ModelsOther Concurrency ControlsBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 21 Isolation in Relational DatabasesConflicts in a Relational DatabaseLocking and the SQL Isolation LevelsGranular Locking: Intention Locks and Index LocksTuning TransactionsMultiversion Concurrency ControlsBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 22 Atomicity and DurabilityCrash, Abort, and Media FailureImmediate-Update Systems and Write-Ahead LogsRecovery in Deferred-Update SystemsRecovery from Media FailureBibliographic NotesExercises PART SIX Distributed Applications and the Web Chapter 23 Architecture of Transaction Processing SystemsTransaction Processing in a Centralized SystemTransaction Processing in a Distributed SystemThe TP Monitor: An OverviewThe TP Monitor: Global Atomicity and the Transaction ManagerThe TP Monitor: Remote Procedure CallThe TP Monitor: Peer-to-Peer CommunicationThe TP Monitor: Event CommunicationStorage ArchitecturesTransaction Processing on the InternetWeb Application Servers-J2EEBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 24 Implementing Distributed TransactionsImplementing the ACID PropertiesAtomic TerminationTransfer of CoordinationDistributed DeadlockGlobal SerializationWhen Global Atomicity Cannot Be GuaranteedReplicated DatabasesDistributed Transactions in the Real WorldBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 25 Web ServicesThe Basic IdeaWeb BasicsHypertext Transfer ProtocolSOAP: Message PassingWSDL: Specifying Web ServicesBPEL: Specifying Business ProcessesUDDI: Publishing and Discovering Information about ServicesWS-Coordination: Transactional Web ServicesBibliographic NotesExercises Chapter 26 Security and Electronic CommerceAuthentication, Authorization, and EncryptionEncryptionDigital SignaturesKey Distribution and AuthenticationAuthorizationAuthenticated Remote Procedure CallElectronic CommerceThe Secure Sockets Layer Protocol: CertificatesPassport: Single Sign-OnKeeping Credit Card Numbers PrivateThe Secure Electronic Transaction Protocol: Dual SignaturesGoods Atomicity, Certified Delivery, and EscrowElectronic Cash: Blind SignaturesSecurity in XML-Based Web ServicesBibliographic NotesExercises BibliographyIndexAppendices, available on the Web A An Overview of Transaction ProcessingIsolationAtomicity and DurabilityImplementing Distributed TransactionsBibliographic NotesExercises B Requirements and SpecificationsSoftware Engineering MethodologyThe Requirements Document for the Student Registration SystemRequirements Analysis-New IssuesSpecifying the Student Registration SystemThe Specification Document for the Student Registration System: Section IIIThe Next Step in the Software Engineering ProcessBibliographic NotesExercises C Design, Coding, and TestingThe Design ProcessTest PlanProject PlanningCodingIncremental DevelopmentThe Project Management PlanDesign and Code for the Student Registration SystemBibliographic NotesExercises...”