Risultati della ricerca - (conditional OR (conventional OR convention)) cash transfer

Microeconomics di Pindyck, Robert S.

Sommario: “...274 (1) Alternative Forms of Organization 275 (1) Marginal Revenue, Marginal Cost, and Profit Maximization 276 (3) Demand and Marginal Revenue for a competitive Firm 277 (2) Profit Maximization by a Competitive Firm 279 (1) Choosing Output in the Short Run 279 (5) Short-Run Profit Maximization by a Competitive Firm 279 (1) The Short-Run Profit of a Competitive Firm 280 (4) The Competitive Firm's Short-Run Supply Curve 284 (3) the Firm's Response to an Input Price Change 284 (3) The Short-Run Market Supply Curve 287 (5) Elasticity of Market Supply 288 (3) Producer Surplus in the Short Run 291 (1) Choosing Output in the Long Run 292 (7) Long-Run Profit Maximization 293 (1) Long-Run Competitive Equilibrium 294 (3) Economic Rent 297 (1) Producer Surplus in the Long Run 297 (2) The Industry's Long-Run Supply curve 299 (6) Constant-Cost Industry 299 (1) Increasing-Cost Industry 300 (2) Decreasing-Cost Industry 302 (1) The Effects of a Tax 302 (1) Long-Run Elasticity of Supply 303 (2) Summary 305 (1) Questions for Review 306 (1) Exercises 306 (3) The Analysis of Competitive Markets 309 (38) Evaluating the Gains and Losses from Government Policies--Consumer and Producer Surplus 309 (6) Review of Consumer and Producer Surplus 310 (1) Application of Consumer and Producer Surplus 311 (4) The Efficiency of a Competitive Market 315 (4) Minimum Prices 319 (5) Price Supports and Production Quotas 324 (7) Price Supports 324 (1) Production Quotas 325 (6) Import Quotas and Tariffs 331 (4) The Impact of a Tax or Subsidy 335 (7) The Effects of a Subsidy 339 (3) Summary 342 (1) Questions for Review 342 (1) Exercises 343 (4) Part Three Market Structure and Competitive Strategy 347 (236) Market Power: Monopoly and Monopsony 349 (42) Monopoly 350 (11) Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue 350 (2) The Monopolist's Output Decision 352 (1) An Example 353 (1) A Rule of Thumb for Pricing 354 (3) Shifts in Demand 357 (1) The Effect of a Tax 357 (2) The Multiplant Firm 359 (2) Monopoly Power 361 (5) Measuring Monopoly Power 362 (1) The Rule of Thumb for Pricing 363 (3) Sources of Monopoly Power 366 (2) The Elasticity of Market Demand 367 (1) The Number of Firms 367 (1) The Interaction Among Firms 368 (1) The Social Costs of Monopoly Power 368 (5) Rent Seeking 370 (1) Price Regulation 370 (2) Natural Monopoly 372 (1) Regulation in Practice 373 (1) Monopsony 373 (3) Monopsony and Monopoly Compared 376 (1) Monopsony Power 376 (5) Sources of Monopsony Power 377 (2) The Social Costs of Monopsony Power 379 (1) Bilateral Monopoly 380 (1) Limiting Market Power: The Antitrust Laws 381 (6) Enforcement of the Antitrust Laws 383 (1) Antitrust in Europe 384 (3) Summary 387 (1) Questions for Review 387 (1) Exercises 388 (3) Pricing with Market Power 391 (52) Capturing Consumer Surplus 392 (1) Price Discrimination 393 (10) First-Degree Price Discrimination 393 (3) Second-Degree Price Discrimination 396 (1) Third-Degree Price Discrimination 397 (6) Intertemporal Price Discrimination and Peak-Load Pricing 403 (3) Intertemporal Price Discrimination 403 (1) Peak-Load Pricing 404 (2) The Two-Part Tariff 406 (7) Bundling 413 (11) Relative Valuations 414 (4) Mixed Bundling 418 (3) Bundling in Practice 421 (2) Tying 423 (1) Advertising 424 (4) A Rule of Thumb for Advertising 426 (2) Summary 428 (1) Questions for Review 429 (1) Exercises 429 (4) Transfer Pricing in the Integrated Firm 433 (8) Transfer Pricing When There Is No Outside Market 433 (3) Transfer Pricing with a Competitive Outside Market 436 (2) Transfer Pricing with a Noncompetitive Outside Market 438 (1) A Numerical Example 439 (2) Exercises 441 (2) Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly 443 (36) Monopolistic Competition 444 (5) The Makings of Monopolistic Competition 444 (1) Equilibrium in the Short Run and the Long Run 445 (1) Monopolistic Competition and Economic Efficiency 446 (3) Oligopoly 449 (7) Equilibrium in an Oligopolistic Market 449 (1) The Cournot Model 450 (3) The Linear Demand Curve---An Example 453 (2) First Mover Advantage---The Stackelberg Model 455 (1) Price Competition 456 (5) Price Competition with Homogeneous Products--The Bertrand Model 456 (2) Price Competition with Differential Products 458 (3) Competition versus Collusion: The Prisoners' Dilemma 461 (3) Implications of the Prisoners' Dilemma for Oligopolistic Pricing 464 (5) Price Rigidity 465 (1) Price Signaling and Price Leadership 465 (3) The Dominant Firm Model 468 (1) Cartels 469 (6) Analysis of Cartel Pricing 470 (5) Summary 475 (1) Questions for Review 475 (1) Exercises 476 (3) Game Theory and Competitive Strategy 479 (42) Gaming and Strategic Decisions 479 (3) Noncooperative versus Cooperative Games 480 (2) Dominant Strategies 482 (2) The Nash Equilibrium Revisited 484 (6) Maximin Strategies 486 (2) Mixed Strategies 488 (2) Repeated Games 490 (4) Sequential Games 494 (3) The Extensive Form of a Game 495 (1) The Advantage of Moving First 496 (1) Threats, Commitments, and Credibility 497 (6) Empty Threats 498 (1) Commitment and Credibility 498 (2) Bargaining Strategy 500 (3) Entry Deterrence 503 (6) Strategic Trade Policy and International Competition 505 (4) Auctions 509 (8) Auction Formats 510 (1) Valuation and Information 510 (1) Private-Value Auctions 511 (1) Common-Value Auctions 512 (1) Maximizing Auction Revenue 513 (1) Bidding and Colusion 514 (3) Summary 517 (1) Questions for Review 517 (1) Exercises 518 (3) Markets for Factor Inputs 521 (30) Competitive Factor Markets 521 (13) Demand for a Factor Input When Only One Input Is Variable 522 (2) Demand for a Factor Input When Several Inputs Are Variable 524 (2) The Market Demand Curve 526 (3) The Supply of Inputs to a Firm 529 (2) The Market Supply of Inputs 531 (3) Equilibrium in a Competitive Factor Market 534 (5) Economic Rent 535 (4) Factor Markets with Monopsony Power 539 (4) Monopsony Power: Marginal and Average Expenditure 539 (1) Purchasing Decisions with Monopsony Power 540 (1) Bargaining Power 541 (2) Factor Markets with Monopoly Power 543 (6) Monopoly Power over the Wage Rate 544 (1) Unionized and Nonunionized Workers 545 (4) Summary 549 (1) Questions for Review 549 (1) Exercises 550 (1) Investment, Time, and Capital Markets 551 (32) Stocks versus Flows 552 (1) Present Discounted Value 553 (3) Valuing Payment Streams 553 (3) The Value of a Bond 556 (4) Perpetuities 556 (1) The Effective Yield on a Bond 557 (3) The Net Present Value Criterion for Capital Investment Decisions 560 (4) The Electric Motor Factory 561 (1) Real versus Nominal Discount Rates 562 (1) Negative Future Cash Flows 563 (1) Adjustments for Risk 564 (4) Diversifiable versus Nondiversifiable Risk 564 (1) The Capital Asset Pricing Model 565 (3) Investment Decisions by Consumers 568 (2) Investments in Human Capital 570 (3) Intertemporal Production Decisions---Depletable Resources 573 (4) The Production Decision of an Individual Resource Producer 574 (1) The Behavior of Market Price 574 (1) User Cost 575 (1) Resource Production by a Monopolist 576 (1) How Are Interest Rates Determined? ...”