Risultati della ricerca - (( strategies evaluation analysis ) OR ( strategic evaluation analysis ))~

Exploring techniques of analysis and evaluation in strategic management di Ambrosini, Véronique

Strategic management : concepts and cases di David, Fred R.

Sommario: “...Part 1: Overview of strategic management The nature of strategic management Cohesion case: Walt Disney Company, Inc 2008 Part 2: Strategy formulation The business vision and mission The external assessment The internal assessment Strategies in action Strategy analysis and choice Part 3: Strategy implementation Implementing strategies: management and operations issues Impliementing strategies: marketing, finance/accounting, R & D, and MIS issues Part 4: Strategy evaluation Strategy review, evaluation, and control Part 5: Strategic management case analysis How to prepare and present a case analysis...”

Essentials of strategic management di Hunger David J.

Sommario: “...Basic concepts of strategic management Corporate governance and social responsibility Environmental scanning and industry analysis Internal scanning : organizational analysis Strategy formulation : situation analysis and business strategy Strategy formulation : corporate strategy Strategy formulation : functional strategy and strategic choice Strategy implemenation: organizing for action Strategy implemenation : staffing and leading Evaluation and control Suggestions for case analysis...”

Strategic management of health care organizations / di Ginter, Peter M.

Sommario: “...The nature of strategic management -- Understanding and analyzing the general environment and the health care environment -- Service area competitor analysis -- Internal environmental analysis and competitive advantage -- Directional strategies -- Developing strategic alternatives -- Evaluation of alternatives and strategic choice -- Value adding service delivery strategies -- Value adding support strategies -- Communicating the strategy and developing action plans....”

Strategic management of health care organizations / di Ginter, Peter M.

Sommario: “...The nature of strategic management -- Understanding and analyzing the general environment and the health care environment -- Service area competitor analysis -- Internal environmental analysis and competitive advantage -- Directional strategies -- Developing strategic alternatives -- Evaluation of alternatives and strategic choice -- Value adding service delivery strategies -- Value adding support strategies -- Communicating the strategy and developing action plans....”

Strategic management of health care organizations / di Swayne, Linda E.

Sommario: “...The nature of strategic management -- Understanding and analyzing the general environment of the health care environment -- Service area competitor analysis -- Internal environmental analysis and competitive advantage -- Directional strategies -- Developing strategic alternatives -- Evaluation of alternatives and strategic choice -- Value adding service delivery strategies - Value adding support strategies -- Communicating the strategy and developing action plans....”
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Strategic management of health care organizations / di Ginter, Peter M., Duncan, W. Jack (Walter Jack), Swayne, Linda E.

Cost management : strategies for business decisions / di Hilton, Ronald W.

Sommario: “...Part I: Setting the Strategic Foundation : The Importance of Analyzing and Managing Costs Cost Management and Strategic decision making Product Costing Systems : Concepts and Design Issues Cost Accumulation for Job-Shop and Batch Production Operations Part II: Activity-Based Management Activity-Based Costing Systems Activity-Based Management Managing Customer Profitability Managing Quality and Time to Create Value Part III: Process Costing and Cost Allocation Process-Costing Systems Joint-Process Costing Managing and Allocating Support-Service Costs Part IV: Planning and Decision Making Cost Estimation Financial and Cost-Volume-Profit Models Cost Management and Decision Making Strategic issues in making Investment Decisions Budgeting and Financial Planning Part V: Evaluating and Managing Performance : Creating and Managing Value-Added Effort Standard Costing, Variance Analysis, and Kaizen Costing Flexible Budgets, Overhead Cost Management, and Activity-Based Budgeting Organizational Design, Responsibility Accounting, and Evaluation of Divisional Performance Transfer Pricing Strategy, balanced scorecards, and incentive systems Find a Copy at a Library Filter by:...”
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Churchill/Ford/Walker's sales force management / di Johnston, Mark W.

Sommario: “...Introduction to sales management in the twenty-first century -- The process of selling and buying -- Linking strategies and the sales role in the era of customer relationship management -- Organizing the sales effort -- The strategic role of information in sales management -- Salesperson performance : behavior, role perceptions, and satisfaction -- Salesperson performance : motivating the sales force -- Personal characteristics and sales aptitude : criteria for selecting salespeople -- Sales force recruitment and selection -- Sales training : objectives, techniques, and evaluation -- Salesperson compensation and incentives -- Cost analysis -- Evaluating salesperson performance....”

A preface to marketing management / di Peter, J. Paul

Sommario: “...3 (1) What Is Strategic Planning? 4 (9) Strategic Planning and Marketing Management 4 (1) The Strategic Planning Process 5 (8) The Complete Strategic Plan 13 (1) The Marketing Management Process 13 (5) Situation Analysis 14 (2) Marketing Planning 16 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 18 (1) Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research 18 (1) The Strategic Plan, the Marketing Plan, and Other Functional Area Plans 18 (2) Marketing's Role in Cross-Functional Strategic Planning 18 (2) Conclusion 20 (3) Appendix Portfolio Models 23 (4) PART B MARKETING INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKET 27 (50) Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making 28 (12) The Role of Marketing Research 28 (1) The Marketing Research Process 29 (9) Purpose of the Research 29 (1) Plan of the Research 30 (5) Performance of the Research 35 (1) Processing of Research Data 35 (1) Preparation of the Research Report 36 (1) Limitations of the Research Process 36 (2) Marketing Information Systems 38 (1) Conclusion 39 (1) Consumer Behavior 40 (13) Social Influences on Consumer Decision Making 41 (2) Culture and Subculture 41 (1) Social Class 42 (1) Reference Groups and Families 43 (1) Marketing Influences on Consumer Decision Making 43 (2) Product Influences 43 (1) Price Influences 43 (1) Promotion Influences 44 (1) Place Influences 44 (1) Situational Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Psychological Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 (1) Product Knowledge 45 (1) Product Involvement 46 (1) Consumer Decision Making 46 (6) Need Recognition 47 (1) Alternative Search 48 (1) Alternative Evaluation 49 (1) Purchase Decision 49 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 50 (2) Conclusion 52 (1) Business, Government, and Institutional Buying 53 (11) Categories of Organizational Buyers 53 (1) Producers 53 (1) Intermediaries 54 (1) Government Agencies 54 (1) Other Institutions 54 (1) The Organizational Buying Process 54 (1) Purchase-Type Influences on Organizational Buying 55 (1) Straight Rebuy 55 (1) Modified Rebuy 55 (1) New Task Purchase 55 (1) Structural Influences on Organizational Buying 56 (2) Purchasing Roles 56 (1) Organization-Specific Factors 57 (1) Purchasing Policies and Procedures 57 (1) Behavioral Influences on Organizational Buying 58 (2) Personal Motivations 58 (1) Role Perceptions 58 (2) Stages in the Organizational Buying Process 60 (3) Organizational Need 61 (1) Vendor Analysis 61 (1) Purchase Activities 61 (1) Postpurchase Evaluation 61 (2) Conclusion 63 (1) Market Segmentation 64 (13) Delineate the Firm's Current Situation 64 (1) Determine Consumer Needs and Wants 65 (1) Divide Markets on Relevant Dimensions 65 (8) A Priori versus Post Hoc Segmentation 66 (1) Relevance of Segmentation Dimensions 66 (1) Bases for Segmentation 67 (6) Develop Product Positioning 73 (1) Decide Segmentation Strategy 74 (1) Design Marketing Mix Strategy 75 (1) Conclusion 76 (1) PART C THE MARKETING MIX 77 (90) Product and Brand Strategy 78 (16) Basic Issues in Product Management 78 (9) Product Definition 78 (1) Product Classification 79 (1) Product Quality and Value 80 (1) Product Mix and Product Line 81 (1) Branding and Brand Equity 82 (4) Packaging 86 (1) Product Life Cycle 87 (2) Product Adoption and Diffusion 89 (1) The Product Audit 90 (2) Deletions 90 (1) Product Improvement 90 (2) Organizing for Product Management 92 (1) Conclusion 93 (1) New Product Planning and Development 94 (13) New Product Strategy 95 (2) New Product Planning and Development Process 97 (5) Idea Generation 97 (2) Idea Screening 99 (1) Project Planning 99 (1) Product Development 100 (1) Test Marketing 100 (1) Commercialization 101 (1) The Importance of Time 101 (1) Some Important New Product Decisions 102 (3) Quality Level 102 (2) Product Features 104 (1) Product Design 104 (1) Product Safety 104 (1) Causes of New Product Failure 105 (1) Need for Research 105 (1) Conclusion 106 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications: Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, and Direct Marketing 107 (19) Strategic Goals of Marketing Communication 107 (1) Create Awareness 107 (1) Build Positive Images 108 (1) Identify Prospects 108 (1) Build Channel Relationships 108 (1) Retain Customers 108 (1) The Promotion Mix 108 (1) Integrated Marketing Communications 109 (2) Advertising: Planning and Strategy 111 (1) Objectives of Advertising 111 (1) Advertising Decisions 112 (7) The Expenditure Question 113 (2) The Allocation Question 115 (4) Sales Promotion 119 (4) Push versus Pull Marketing 119 (2) Trade Sales Promotions 121 (1) Consumer Promotions 121 (1) What Sales Promotion Can and Can't Do 121 (2) Public Relations 123 (1) Direct Marketing 123 (1) Conclusion 124 (1) Appendix: Major Federal Agencies Involved in Control of Advertising 125 (1) Personal Selling, Relationship Building, and Sales Management 126 (15) Importance of Personal Selling 126 (1) The Sales Process 127 (7) Objectives of the Sales Force 127 (1) The Sales Relationship-Building Process 128 (5) People Who Support the Sales Force 133 (1) Managing the Sales and Relationship-Building Process 134 (6) The Sales Management Task 135 (1) Controlling the Sales Force 136 (3) Motivating and Compensating Performance 139 (1) Conclusion 140 (1) Distribution Strategy 141 (16) The Need for Marketing Intermediaries 141 (1) Classification of Marketing Intermediaries and Functions 141 (2) Channels of Distribution 143 (1) Selecting Channels of Distribution 144 (3) Specific Considerations 144 (3) Managing a Channel of Distribution 147 (3) Relationship Marketing in Channels 147 (1) Vertical Marketing Systems 147 (3) Wholesaling 150 (1) Store and Nonstore Retailing 151 (4) Store Retailing 151 (1) Nonstore Retailing 152 (3) Conclusion 155 (2) Pricing Strategy 157 (10) Demand Influences on Pricing Decisions 157 (2) Demographic Factors 157 (1) Psychological Factors 157 (1) Price Elasticity 158 (1) Supply Influences on Pricing Decisions 159 (3) Pricing Objectives 159 (1) Cost Considerations in Pricing 159 (2) Product Considerations in Pricing 161 (1) Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions 162 (1) Competition 162 (1) Government Regulations 162 (1) A General Pricing Model 163 (3) Set Pricing Objectives 163 (1) Evaluate Product-Price Relationships 163 (1) Estimate Costs and Other Price Limitations 164 (1) Analyze Profit Potential 165 (1) Set Initial Price Structure 165 (1) Change Price as Needed 166 (1) Conclusion 166 (1) PART D MARKETING IN SPECIAL FIELDS 167 (32) The Marketing of Services 168 (15) Important Characteristics of Services 170 (4) Intangibility 170 (1) Inseparability 171 (1) Perishability and Fluctuating Demand 172 (1) Client Relationship 172 (1) Customer Effort 173 (1) Uniformity 174 (1) Providing Quality Services 174 (2) Customer Satisfaction Measurement 175 (1) The Importance of Internal Marketing 175 (1) Overcoming the Obstacles in Service Marketing 176 (2) Limited View of Marketing 177 (1) Limited Competition 177 (1) Noncreative Management 177 (1) No Obsolescence 178 (1) The Service Challenge 178 (4) Banking 179 (1) Health Care 179 (1) Insurance 180 (1) Travel 180 (1) Implications for Service Marketers 181 (1) Conclusion 182 (1) Global Marketing 183 (16) The Competitive Advantage of Nations 184 (1) Organizing for Global Marketing 185 (5) Problems with Entering Foreign Markets 185 (2) Organizing the Multinational Company 187 (3) Programming for Global Marketing 190 (5) Global Marketing Research 190 (2) Global Product Strategy 192 (1) Global Distribution Strategy 193 (1) Global Pricing Strategy 194 (1) Global Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy 194 (1) Entry and Growth Strategies for Global Marketing 195 (2) Conclusion 197 (2) SECTION II ANALYZING MARKETING PROBLEMS AND CASES 199 (14) A Case Analysis Framework 200 (7) Analyze and Record the Current Situation 201 (4) Analyze and Record Problems and Their Core Elements 205 (1) Formulate, Evaluate, and Record Alternative Courses of Action 206 (1) Select and Record the Chosen Alternative and Implementation Details 206 (1) Pitfalls to Avoid in Case Analysis 207 (1) Communicating Case Analyses 208 (4) The Written Report 209 (2) The Oral Presentation 211 (1) Conclusion 212 (1) SECTION III FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING DECISIONS 213 (10) Financial Analysis 214 (8) Break-Even Analysis 214 (2) Net Present Value Analysis 216 (2) Ratio Analysis 218 (4) Conclusion 222 (1) SECTION IV DEVELOPING MARKETING PLANS 223 (12) A Marketing Plan Framework 224 (9) Title Page 225 (1) Executive Summary 225 (1) Table of Contents 226 (1) Introduction 226 (1) Situational Analysis 226 (1) Marketing Planning 226 (2) Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan 228 (2) Summary 230 (1) Appendix---Financial Analysis 230 (3) References 233 (1) Conclusion 233 (2) Chapter Notes 235 (7) Index 242...”

Human resource development : beyond training interventions di Reid Margaret

Sommario: “...The psychological contractSection D: 18 Policy, plans and processes (the `how' of L&D)19. Policy and strategy development20. Training Needs Analysis21. ...”

Accounting : text and cases di Anthony, Robert N.

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Personnel management : theory and practice di Gerald A. Cole

Case study research and applications : design and methods / di Yin, Robert K.

Sommario: “...Analyzing Case Study Evidence: How to Start Your Analysis, Your Analytic Choices, and How They Work An Analytic Strategy: More Than Relying on Analytic Tools Five Analytic Techniques Pressing for a High-Quality Analysis Summary Notes to Chapter 5 Application #7: Using a Case Study to Compare Directly Competing Rival Hypotheses: Whether Military Base Closures Produce Catastrophic Economic Impacts or Not Application #8: A Nutshell Example of an Explanatory Case Study: How a Federal Award Affected a University Computer Department Application #9: An Explanatory Case Study: Transforming a Business Firm Through Strategic PlanningChapter 6. ...”

Accounting : text and cases di Anthony, Robert N.

OM / di Collier, David A.

Sommario: “...Goods, Services, and Operations Management 2 (16) Operations Management 3 (1) OM in the Workplace 4 (2) Understanding Goods and Services 6 (2) Customer Benefit Packages 8 (3) Processes 11 (1) OM: A History of Change and Challenge 12 (2) A Focus on Efficiency 12 (1) The Quality Revolution 12 (1) Customization and Design 13 (1) Time-Based Competition 14 (1) The Service Revolution 14 (1) Current Challenges in OM 14 (4) Value Chains 18 (20) The Concept of Value 20 (1) Value Chain Perspectives 21 (4) An Example of a Value Chain: Buhrke Industries, Inc 23 (2) Supply Chains 25 (1) Value Chain Decisions 26 (3) Outsourcing and Vertical Integration 26 (1) The Economics of Outsourcing 27 (1) Value and Supply Chain Integration 28 (1) Offshoring 29 (3) Value Chains in a Global Business Environment 32 (6) A Global Value Chain: Rocky Shoes & Boots Company 32 (1) Issues in Global Value Chain Decisions 33 (1) Value Chains and Local Culture 34 (4) Measuring Performance in Operations 38 (20) Performance Measurement 39 (6) Financial Measures 40 (1) Customer and Market Measures 41 (1) Safety 42 (1) Quality 42 (1) Time 43 (1) Flexibility 44 (1) Innovation and Learning 44 (1) Productivity 45 (1) Linking Internal and External Measures 46 (1) The Value of a Loyal Customer 46 (1) Designing Measurement Systems in Operations 47 (1) Models of Organizational Performance 48 (10) Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Framework 48 (2) The Balanced Scorecard 50 (1) The Value Chain Model 51 (1) The Service-Profit Chain 52 (6) Operations Strategy 58 (18) Gaining Competitive Advantage 59 (1) Understanding Customer Requirements 60 (2) Evaluating Goods and Services 62 (1) Competitive Priorities 63 (4) Cost 64 (1) Quality 64 (2) Time 66 (1) Flexibility 66 (1) Innovation 66 (1) OM and Strategic Planning 67 (9) Operations Strategy at McDonald's 70 (6) Technology and Operations Management 76 (16) Understanding Technology in Operations 78 (2) Manufacturing Technology 78 (1) Service Technology 79 (1) Technology in Value Chains 80 (2) Integrated Operating Systems 82 (3) Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS) 82 (1) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems 83 (1) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems 84 (1) Revenue Management Systems (RMS) 84 (1) Benefits and Challenges of Technology 85 (2) Technology Development and Adoption 87 (5) Goods and Service Design 92 (20) Desigining Goods and Services 93 (3) Robust Design and the Taguchi Loss Function 96 (2) Reliability 98 (1) Quality Function Deployment 99 (2) Product and Process Design in Manufacturing 101 (2) Quality Engineering 102 (1) Product and Process Simplification 102 (1) Design for Environmental Quality 103 (1) Service Delivery System Design 103 (2) Facility Location and Layout 104 (1) Servicescape 104 (1) Service Process and Job Design 104 (1) Technology and Information Support Systems 105 (1) Organizational Structure 105 (1) Service Encounter Design 105 (2) Customer Contact Behavior and Skills 106 (1) Service-Provider Selection, Development, and Empowerment 106 (1) Recognition and Reward 107 (1) Service Recovery and Guarantees 107 (1) An Integrative Case Study of LensCrafters 107 (5) Process Selection, Design, and Analysis 112 (20) Process Choice Decisions 114 (1) The Product-Process Matrix 115 (2) The Service-Positioning Matrix 117 (3) Process Design 120 (4) Process and Value Stream Mapping 121 (3) Process Analysis and Improvement 124 (2) Process Design and Resource Utilization 126 (6) Little's Law 128 (4) Facility and Work Design 132 (20) Facility Layout 134 (4) Product Layout 134 (1) Process Layout 135 (1) Cellular Layout 135 (1) Fixed-Position Layout 136 (1) Facility Layout in Service Organizations 137 (1) Designing Product Layouts 138 (5) Assembly Line Balancing 139 (2) Line Balancing Approaches 141 (2) Designing Process Layouts 143 (1) Workplace Design 144 (2) The Human Side of Work 146 (6) Supply Chain Design 152 (18) Understanding Supply Chains 154 (4) The Value and Supply Chain at Dell, Inc 156 (2) Designing the Supply Chain 158 (5) Efficient and Responsive Supply Chains 158 (1) Push and Pull Systems 158 (3) Supply Chain Design for Multisite Services 161 (1) Supply Chain Metrics 161 (1) The Bullwhip Effect 161 (2) Location Decisions in Supply Chains 163 (3) Critical Factors in Location Decisions 164 (1) Location Decision Process 164 (1) The Center of Gravity Method 165 (1) Other Issues in Supply Chain Management 166 (4) Capacity Management 170 (16) Understanding Capacity 172 (2) Economies and Diseconomies of Scale 172 (2) Capacity Measurement 174 (3) Safety Capacity 174 (1) Capacity Measurement in Job Shops 174 (1) Using Capacity Measures for Operations Planning 175 (2) Long-Term Capacity Strategies 177 (3) Capacity Expansion 178 (2) Short-Term Capacity Management 180 (1) Managing Capacity by Adjusting Short-Term Capacity Levels 180 (1) Managing Capacity by Shifting and Stimulating Demand 180 (1) Theory of Constraints 181 (5) Forecasting and Demand Planning 186 (22) Forecasting and Demand Planning 188 (1) Basic Concepts in Forecasting 189 (5) Forecast Planning Horizon 189 (1) Data Patterns in Time Series 190 (2) Forecast Errors and Accuracy 192 (2) Statistical Forecasting Models 194 (5) Single Moving Average 194 (2) Single Exponential Smoothing 196 (3) Regression as a Forecasting Approach 199 (4) Excel's Add Trendline Option 200 (1) Causal Forecasting Models with Multiple Regression 201 (2) Judgmental Forecating 203 (1) Forecasting in Practice 204 (4) Managing Inventories 208 (20) Understanding Inventory 210 (3) Key Definitions and Concepts 210 (2) Inventory Management Decisions and Costs 212 (1) Inventory Characteristics 213 (2) ABC Inventory Analysis 215 (1) Fixed Quantity Systems 215 (4) The EOQ Model 219 (3) Fixed Period Systems 222 (2) Single-Period Inventory Model 224 (4) Resource Management 228 (24) Resource Planning Framework for Goods and Services 230 (3) Aggregate Planning Options 233 (1) Strategies for Aggregate Planning 234 (2) Disaggregation in Manufacturing 236 (9) Master Production Scheduling 237 (1) Materials Requirements Planning 238 (2) Time Phasing and Lot Sizing in MRP 240 (5) Capacity Requirements Planning 245 (7) Operations Scheduling and Sequencing 252 (18) Understanding Scheduling and Sequencing 254 (1) Scheduling Applications and Approaches 255 (4) Staff Scheduling 255 (2) Appointment Systems 257 (2) Sequencing 259 (1) Sequencing Performance Criteria 259 (1) Sequencing Rules 260 (1) Applications of Sequencing Rules 260 (6) Single-Resource Sequencing Problem 260 (2) Two-Resource Sequencing Problem 262 (4) Schedule Monitoring and Control 266 (4) Quality Management 270 (18) Understanding Quality 272 (2) Influential Leaders in Modern Quality Management 274 (2) W. ...”

Services management : an integrated approach

Sommario: “...431 (1) Drivers towards internationalization 432 (4) Culture and cultural differences 436 (8) Internationalization strategies 444 (6) Conclusion 450 (1) Review and discussion questions 451 (1) Notes and references 451 (1) Suggested further reading 452 (1) 21 Defining a service strategy 453 (1) Aim�� Heene, Bart Van Looy, Roland Van Dierdonck Introduction 453 (1) Objectives 453 (20) The nature of strategic management 453 (8) The challenges of strategic management for services 461 (11) Conclusion 472 (1) Review and discussion questions 473 (1) Notes and references 473 (1) Suggested further reading 474 (3) TECHNICAL NOTES 1 How to collect customer satisfaction data 477 (39) Gino Van Ossel 2 Analysing queuing systems in service environments 491 (7) Paul Gemmel 3 Simulation as a tool in designing services 498 (12) Paul Gemmel 4 Data envelopment analysis 510 (3) Paul Gemmel 5 Insights stemming from emerging resource and competence-based strategic management theories 513 (3) Aim�� Heene APPENDICES 1 Importance of informational elements in ads - comparing goods and services 516 (1) 2 The state probability (P(n)) 517 (2) Index 519...”

Microeconomics di Pindyck, Robert S.

Sommario: “...274 (1) Alternative Forms of Organization 275 (1) Marginal Revenue, Marginal Cost, and Profit Maximization 276 (3) Demand and Marginal Revenue for a competitive Firm 277 (2) Profit Maximization by a Competitive Firm 279 (1) Choosing Output in the Short Run 279 (5) Short-Run Profit Maximization by a Competitive Firm 279 (1) The Short-Run Profit of a Competitive Firm 280 (4) The Competitive Firm's Short-Run Supply Curve 284 (3) the Firm's Response to an Input Price Change 284 (3) The Short-Run Market Supply Curve 287 (5) Elasticity of Market Supply 288 (3) Producer Surplus in the Short Run 291 (1) Choosing Output in the Long Run 292 (7) Long-Run Profit Maximization 293 (1) Long-Run Competitive Equilibrium 294 (3) Economic Rent 297 (1) Producer Surplus in the Long Run 297 (2) The Industry's Long-Run Supply curve 299 (6) Constant-Cost Industry 299 (1) Increasing-Cost Industry 300 (2) Decreasing-Cost Industry 302 (1) The Effects of a Tax 302 (1) Long-Run Elasticity of Supply 303 (2) Summary 305 (1) Questions for Review 306 (1) Exercises 306 (3) The Analysis of Competitive Markets 309 (38) Evaluating the Gains and Losses from Government Policies--Consumer and Producer Surplus 309 (6) Review of Consumer and Producer Surplus 310 (1) Application of Consumer and Producer Surplus 311 (4) The Efficiency of a Competitive Market 315 (4) Minimum Prices 319 (5) Price Supports and Production Quotas 324 (7) Price Supports 324 (1) Production Quotas 325 (6) Import Quotas and Tariffs 331 (4) The Impact of a Tax or Subsidy 335 (7) The Effects of a Subsidy 339 (3) Summary 342 (1) Questions for Review 342 (1) Exercises 343 (4) Part Three Market Structure and Competitive Strategy 347 (236) Market Power: Monopoly and Monopsony 349 (42) Monopoly 350 (11) Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue 350 (2) The Monopolist's Output Decision 352 (1) An Example 353 (1) A Rule of Thumb for Pricing 354 (3) Shifts in Demand 357 (1) The Effect of a Tax 357 (2) The Multiplant Firm 359 (2) Monopoly Power 361 (5) Measuring Monopoly Power 362 (1) The Rule of Thumb for Pricing 363 (3) Sources of Monopoly Power 366 (2) The Elasticity of Market Demand 367 (1) The Number of Firms 367 (1) The Interaction Among Firms 368 (1) The Social Costs of Monopoly Power 368 (5) Rent Seeking 370 (1) Price Regulation 370 (2) Natural Monopoly 372 (1) Regulation in Practice 373 (1) Monopsony 373 (3) Monopsony and Monopoly Compared 376 (1) Monopsony Power 376 (5) Sources of Monopsony Power 377 (2) The Social Costs of Monopsony Power 379 (1) Bilateral Monopoly 380 (1) Limiting Market Power: The Antitrust Laws 381 (6) Enforcement of the Antitrust Laws 383 (1) Antitrust in Europe 384 (3) Summary 387 (1) Questions for Review 387 (1) Exercises 388 (3) Pricing with Market Power 391 (52) Capturing Consumer Surplus 392 (1) Price Discrimination 393 (10) First-Degree Price Discrimination 393 (3) Second-Degree Price Discrimination 396 (1) Third-Degree Price Discrimination 397 (6) Intertemporal Price Discrimination and Peak-Load Pricing 403 (3) Intertemporal Price Discrimination 403 (1) Peak-Load Pricing 404 (2) The Two-Part Tariff 406 (7) Bundling 413 (11) Relative Valuations 414 (4) Mixed Bundling 418 (3) Bundling in Practice 421 (2) Tying 423 (1) Advertising 424 (4) A Rule of Thumb for Advertising 426 (2) Summary 428 (1) Questions for Review 429 (1) Exercises 429 (4) Transfer Pricing in the Integrated Firm 433 (8) Transfer Pricing When There Is No Outside Market 433 (3) Transfer Pricing with a Competitive Outside Market 436 (2) Transfer Pricing with a Noncompetitive Outside Market 438 (1) A Numerical Example 439 (2) Exercises 441 (2) Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly 443 (36) Monopolistic Competition 444 (5) The Makings of Monopolistic Competition 444 (1) Equilibrium in the Short Run and the Long Run 445 (1) Monopolistic Competition and Economic Efficiency 446 (3) Oligopoly 449 (7) Equilibrium in an Oligopolistic Market 449 (1) The Cournot Model 450 (3) The Linear Demand Curve---An Example 453 (2) First Mover Advantage---The Stackelberg Model 455 (1) Price Competition 456 (5) Price Competition with Homogeneous Products--The Bertrand Model 456 (2) Price Competition with Differential Products 458 (3) Competition versus Collusion: The Prisoners' Dilemma 461 (3) Implications of the Prisoners' Dilemma for Oligopolistic Pricing 464 (5) Price Rigidity 465 (1) Price Signaling and Price Leadership 465 (3) The Dominant Firm Model 468 (1) Cartels 469 (6) Analysis of Cartel Pricing 470 (5) Summary 475 (1) Questions for Review 475 (1) Exercises 476 (3) Game Theory and Competitive Strategy 479 (42) Gaming and Strategic Decisions 479 (3) Noncooperative versus Cooperative Games 480 (2) Dominant Strategies 482 (2) The Nash Equilibrium Revisited 484 (6) Maximin Strategies 486 (2) Mixed Strategies 488 (2) Repeated Games 490 (4) Sequential Games 494 (3) The Extensive Form of a Game 495 (1) The Advantage of Moving First 496 (1) Threats, Commitments, and Credibility 497 (6) Empty Threats 498 (1) Commitment and Credibility 498 (2) Bargaining Strategy 500 (3) Entry Deterrence 503 (6) Strategic Trade Policy and International Competition 505 (4) Auctions 509 (8) Auction Formats 510 (1) Valuation and Information 510 (1) Private-Value Auctions 511 (1) Common-Value Auctions 512 (1) Maximizing Auction Revenue 513 (1) Bidding and Colusion 514 (3) Summary 517 (1) Questions for Review 517 (1) Exercises 518 (3) Markets for Factor Inputs 521 (30) Competitive Factor Markets 521 (13) Demand for a Factor Input When Only One Input Is Variable 522 (2) Demand for a Factor Input When Several Inputs Are Variable 524 (2) The Market Demand Curve 526 (3) The Supply of Inputs to a Firm 529 (2) The Market Supply of Inputs 531 (3) Equilibrium in a Competitive Factor Market 534 (5) Economic Rent 535 (4) Factor Markets with Monopsony Power 539 (4) Monopsony Power: Marginal and Average Expenditure 539 (1) Purchasing Decisions with Monopsony Power 540 (1) Bargaining Power 541 (2) Factor Markets with Monopoly Power 543 (6) Monopoly Power over the Wage Rate 544 (1) Unionized and Nonunionized Workers 545 (4) Summary 549 (1) Questions for Review 549 (1) Exercises 550 (1) Investment, Time, and Capital Markets 551 (32) Stocks versus Flows 552 (1) Present Discounted Value 553 (3) Valuing Payment Streams 553 (3) The Value of a Bond 556 (4) Perpetuities 556 (1) The Effective Yield on a Bond 557 (3) The Net Present Value Criterion for Capital Investment Decisions 560 (4) The Electric Motor Factory 561 (1) Real versus Nominal Discount Rates 562 (1) Negative Future Cash Flows 563 (1) Adjustments for Risk 564 (4) Diversifiable versus Nondiversifiable Risk 564 (1) The Capital Asset Pricing Model 565 (3) Investment Decisions by Consumers 568 (2) Investments in Human Capital 570 (3) Intertemporal Production Decisions---Depletable Resources 573 (4) The Production Decision of an Individual Resource Producer 574 (1) The Behavior of Market Price 574 (1) User Cost 575 (1) Resource Production by a Monopolist 576 (1) How Are Interest Rates Determined? ...”