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Principles of corporate finance /

Principles of risk management and insurance par Rejda, George E.

Table des matières: “…153 State Versus Federal Regulation 161 Current Problems and Issues in Insurance Regulation 163 Summary 169 n Key Concepts and Terms 169 n Review Questions 169 Application Questions 170 n Internet Resources 171 n Selected References 171 Notes 172 Case Application 168 Insight 8.1: 2005 Annual Ranking of Automobile Insurance Complaints in New York State (based on 2004 data) 159 Part THREE Legal Principles in Risks and Insurance 173 Chapter 9 Fundamental Legal Principles 174 Principle of Indemnity 175 Principle of Insurable Interest 178 Principle of Subrogation 179 Principle of Utmost Good Faith 181 Requirements of an Insurance Contract 183 Distinct Legal Characteristics of Insurance Contracts 185 Law and the Insurance Agent 186 Summary 188 n Key Concepts and Terms 189 n Review Questions 190 Application Questions 190 n Internet Resources 191 n Selected References 191 Notes 191 Case Application 188 Insight 9.1: Corporation Lacking Insurable Interest at Time of Death Can Receive Life Insurance Proceeds 180 Insight 9.2: Auto Insurer Denies Coverage Because of Material Misrepresentation 182 Insight 9.3 Insurer Voids Coverage Because of Misrepresentations in Proof of Loss 182 Chapter 10 Analysis of Insurance Contracts 193 Basic Parts of an Insurance Contract 194 Definition of the "Insured" 197 Endorsements and Riders 198 Deductibles 198 Coinsurance 200 Coinsurance in Health Insurance 201 Other-Insurance Provisions 201 Summary 204 n Key Concepts and Terms 204 n Review Questions 205 Application Questions 205 n Internet Resources 206 n Selected References 206 Notes 207 Case Application 203 Insight 10.1: Will Your Auto Insurance Cover You When You Drive Another Person's Car? …”

Structured techniques : the basis for CASE / par Martin, James

Table des matières: “…3 (12) Objectives 3 (5) Evolution 8 (3) Mathematical Rigor 11 (1) CASE: Computer-Aided Systems Engineering 12 (1) Important Characteristics 13 (1) Loyalty to Old Techniques 13 (2) 2 Philosophies of Structured Techniques 15 (22) Introduction 15 (1) Basic Principles 15 (5) Basic Principles of Software Engineering 20 (3) The Data-Base Environment 23 (1) Automation of Analysis, Design, and Coding 24 (2) Graphics 26 (1) Provably Correct Constructs 26 (1) Management of Complexity 27 (1) Changing Computer Languages 28 (1) End-User Involvement 28 (2) User-Friendly Structured Techniques 30 (1) The Design Process 30 (7) PART II PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGIES 37 (72) 3 Structured Programming 37 (8) The Shift to Software 37 (1) Introduction of Structured Programming 38 (1) GO TO-less Programming 38 (1) Objectives 39 (1) Definitions 39 (6) 4 Structured Programs 45 (22) Properties of a Structured Program 45 (1) Limited Control Constructs 45 (3) Nested IF 48 (1) Case Statement 49 (1) Escape 50 (1) Highest-Level Control Constructs 50 (1) Standardized Module Format 51 (1) Hierarchical Organization 51 (1) Program Control Structure 52 (1) Program Paths 53 (1) Documentation 54 (5) Indentation 59 (1) Structured Coding Standards 59 (8) 5 Modular Programming and Control of Complexity 67 (16) Divide and Conquer 67 (1) Program Modules 67 (1) Black Box Model 68 (1) Modularization Schemes 68 (2) Module Size 70 (1) Complexity Metrics 70 (5) Module Relationships 75 (5) Program Shape 80 (3) 6 Programming by Stepwise Refinement 83 (8) Changing Programming from Craft to Science 83 (1) Stepwise Refinement 83 (1) Levels of Abstraction 84 (1) An Example of the Refinement Process 85 (6) 7 Top-Down, Bottom-Up, and Structured Programming 91 (12) Structured Programming Methodologies 91 (1) Top-Down Programming 91 (4) Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Programming 95 (1) Bottom-Up Programming 96 (2) Choosing a Development Approach 98 (1) Combinations 99 (4) 8 Commentary on Structured Programming Methodologies 103 (6) The Problem of Programming in the Large 103 (1) Program Complexity 103 (1) The Absence of Rigor 104 (1) Recommendation 105 (4) PART III DIAGRAMMING TECHNIQUES 109 (290) 9 Diagrams and Clear Thinking 109 (14) Introduction 109 (1) Changing Methods 110 (1) Categories of Structured Diagrams 111 (1) End-User Involvement 111 (6) Program Documentation Tools 117 (1) Utility of Documentation 118 (2) Computer-Aided Diagramming 120 (1) Functions of Structured Diagrams 120 (3) 10 Forms of Structured Diagrams 123 (26) Introduction 123 (1) Forms of Tree Structure 123 (2) Inhibition of Change 125 (1) Left-to-Right Trees 126 (5) Sequence of Operations 131 (1) Mesh-Structured Diagrams 131 (2) COW Charts 133 (1) Nested Charts 134 (4) Data-Model Charts 138 (3) Root Nodes 141 (1) Find the Trees 142 (3) Computer Magic 145 (1) Symbols with Obvious Meaning 145 (3) Summary 148 (1) 11 Data Flow Diagrams 149 (16) Introduction 149 (1) Defining Data Flow 149 (1) Components of a DFD 149 (3) Leveling a DFD 152 (2) Process Specification and Data Dictionary 154 (1) Gane and Sarson Notation 155 (3) Use of Computer Graphics 158 (5) Commentary 163 (1) Data Layering 164 (1) 12 Three Species of Functional Decomposition 165 (16) Introduction 165 (1) Levels of Thoroughness in Functional Decomposition 165 (1) Species I Functional Decomposition: Corporate Model 166 (4) Species II Functional Decomposition 170 (6) Species III Functional Decomposition 176 (1) Commentary 177 (4) 13 Structure Charts 181 (10) Hierarchical Diagram 181 (1) Components of a Structure Chart 181 (2) Control Relationships 183 (1) Common Modules 183 (1) Library Modules 184 (1) Data Transfer 184 (2) Sequence, Selection, and Iteration 186 (2) Transaction Center 188 (1) Computer Graphics 188 (3) 14 HIPO Diagrams 191 (6) Introduction 191 (1) Diagram Components 192 (2) Analysis and Design Tools 194 (1) Commentary 194 (3) 15 Warnier-Orr Diagrams 197 (10) Introduction 197 (1) Representation of Data 197 (2) Representation of Program Structure 199 (2) Critique of Warnier-Orr Diagrams 201 (6) 16 Michael Jackson Diagrams 207 (12) Introduction 207 (1) Tree-Structure Diagrams 207 (2) Data-Structure Diagrams 209 (2) Program-Structure Diagrams 211 (1) System Network Diagram 212 (1) From Data to Programs 213 (1) Critique of Jackson Diagrams 214 (5) 17 Flowcharts 219 (8) Overview Versus Detailed Structure 219 (1) Flowcharts 220 (2) Flowchart Symbols 222 (1) Critique of Flowcharts 222 (5) 18 Structured English and Pseudocode 227 (12) Introduction 227 (1) Why Should English Be Structured? …”

Chain empowerment : supporting African farmers to develop markets

Table des matières: “…Boxes viii Diagrams ix Foreword x Preface xii Acknowledgements xiv List of contributors xv 1 Setting the scene 1 (12) Market liberalization and integration 1 (1) The rise of processors and retailers 2 (1) Declining government involvement in agriculture and rural areas 2 (1) The challenge for smallholder producers 3 (1) Principles of empowering smallholders 4 (3) Pro-poor value chain development 7 (1) Purpose and readership of this book 8 (1) Parts of the book 9 (1) How this book was prepared 10 (3) 2 Introducing value chains 13 (20) Supply chains 14 (1) Supply chains vs value chains 15 (2) Strategies for chain development with small-scale farmers 17 (3) About the matrix 20 (3) Where is best position for farmers? …”

An Introduction to social psychology : global perspectives / par Alcock, James

Software engineering : a programming approach / par Bell, Douglas

Table des matières: “…111 (1) Alternative solutions 112 (1) The place of functional decomposition 113 (1) Discussion 113 (1) Summary 114 (2) Exercises 114 (1) Further reading 115 (1) Data structure design: The Michael Jackson program design method (JSP) 116 (25) Introduction 116 (1) A simple example 117 (5) Processing input files 122 (2) Physical and logical structures 124 (2) Processing several input and output streams 126 (5) Structure clashes 131 (4) Discussion and evaluation 135 (2) Summary 137 (4) Exercises 138 (1) Answer to self test question 139 (1) Further reading 140 (1) Data flow design 141 (16) Introduction 141 (1) An analogy 142 (1) First examples 143 (3) Case study -- point-of-sale terminal 146 (4) Case study -- monitoring a plant 150 (1) Rationale for the method 151 (2) Discussion 153 (2) Summary 155 (2) Exercises 155 (1) Further reading 156 (1) Object-oriented desing 157 (26) Introduction 157 (1) The features of OOP 158 (5) The aims of OO design 163 (2) Finding the classes 165 (2) Specifying the responsibilities of the classes 167 (1) Specifying the collaborators 168 (1) Other design techniques and notations 169 (1) Using the class library 169 (1) Class--responsibility--collaborator (CRC) cards 170 (1) Use-case analysis 171 (1) Creating good class hierarchies 172 (3) Is-a and has-a analysis 175 (1) Design guidelines 176 (1) Re-usable design patterns (frameworks) 176 (1) Object-oriented design methodologies 177 (1) Discussion 177 (2) Summary 179 (4) Exercises 179 (2) Answers to self test questions 181 (1) Further reading 181 (2) User interface design 183 (16) Introduction 183 (1) An interdisciplinary field 184 (1) Styles of human--computer interface 184 (2) Different perspectives on HCI 186 (1) Design principles and guidelines 187 (3) Human--computer interface design 190 (1) Task analysis 191 (2) Design evaluation 193 (1) Help systems 194 (1) Implementation tools 195 (1) Summary 196 (3) Exercises 196 (1) Answers to self test questions 197 (1) Further reading 197 (2) Formal development 199 (16) Introduction 199 (1) What is a formal method? …”

Proactive purchasing in the supply chain : the key to world-class procurement / par Burt, David N.

Table des matières: “…Multiple Sourcing Share of Supplier's Capacity Local, National, and International Sourcing Manufacturer or Distributor "Green" Supply Management Minority- and Women-Owned Business Enterprises Ethical Considerations Reciprocity Consortium Purchasing and Group Buying Disaster Plans Summary Appendix Illustrative Plant Survey Financial Statement Analysis Planning a Facility Visit Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 14 Global Supply Management Global Management Perspective Future of Global Supply Management Stages to Global Supply Management Reasons for Global Sourcing Potential Problems Questions Before Going Global Supply Channels Global Trade Intermediaries International Procurement Offices Direct Suppliers Eliminating Intermediaries Identifying Direct Suppliers Qualifying Direct Suppliers Preparing for Direct Relations The Initial Meeting Currency and Payment Issues Exchange Rates Payments Letters of Credit Countertrade Countertrade's Advantages Countertrade's Disadvantages Supply Management's Role Creative Countertrade Political and Economic Alliances European Union North American Free Trade Agreement MERCOSUR Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summary Appendix Currency Risk Hedging Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 15 Total Cost of Ownership Three Components of Total Cost Acquisition Costs Ownership Costs Post-Ownership Costs TCO, Net Present Value (NPV) Analysis, and Estimated Costs The Importance of Total Cost of Ownership in Supply Management Service Providers Retail Manufacturing Supply Chains/Supply Networks Summary Appendix: Supply Management in Action Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 16 Price and Cost Analysis Introduction General Economic Considerations Conditions of Competition Variable-Margin Pricing Product Differentiation Six Categories of Cost Regulation by Competition Price Analysis Competitive Price Proposals Regulated, Catalog, and Market Prices Internet/e-Commerce II Historical Prices Supply and Demand Factors Independent Cost Estimates Cost Analysis Cost Analysis Defined Capabilities of Management Efficiency of Labor Amount and Quality of Subcontracting Plant Capacity Sources of Cost Data Potential Suppliers Supply Partners Cost Models Direct Costs Direct Labor Direct Materials Tooling Costs Learning Curves Cumulative Curve and the Unit Curve Target Cost Estimation Indirect Costs Engineering Overhead Material Overhead Manufacturing Overhead General and Administrative Selling Recovering Indirect Costs Activity-Based Costing Target Costing Profit Resisting Arbitrary Price Increases Summary Appendix A: Application of Learning Curves Appendix B: Discounts Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 17 Methods of Compensation Introduction to Compensation Arrangements Observation Contract Cost Risk Appraisal Technical Risk Contract Schedule Risk General Types of Contract Compensation Arrangements Fixed Price Contracts Incentive Contracts Cost-Reimbursement Contracts Specific Types of Compensation Arrangements Firm Fixed Price Contracts Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contracts Fixed Price Redetermination Contracts Incentive Arrangements Fixed Price Incentive Fee Cost Plus Incentive Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Fixed Fee Arrangements Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) Cost without Fee Cost Sharing Time and Materials Letter Contracts and Letters of Intent Considerations When Selecting the Method of Compensation Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 18 Negotiations Introduction Objectives of Negotiation Quality Fair and Reasonable Price On-Time Performance Control Cooperation Supplier Relationship Management When to Negotiate Supply Management's Role in Negotiation The Supply Management Professional Acting Alone The Supply Management Professional as the Negotiating Team Leader The Negotiation Process Preparation Establishing Objectives Identify the Desired Type of Relationship Five Powerful Preparation Activities The BATNA The Agenda "Murder Boards" and Mock Negotiations Crib Sheets Draft Agreements Face-to-Face Discussions Fact Finding Recess Narrowing the Differences Hard Bargaining Techniques Universally Applicable Techniques Transactional Techniques Collaborative and Alliance Negotiating Techniques The Debriefing: An Incredible Learning Opportunity Documentation Online Negotiation Advantages to Online Negotiation An Example of a Successful Application of Negotiating Online Drawbacks to Online Negotiation Negotiating for Price Price Analysis Negotiation Cost Analysis Negotiation Characteristics of a Successful Negotiator Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 19 Contract Formation and Legal Issues Litigation Prevention Dispute Resolution Negotiation Mediation Litigation Arbitration Courts Development of Commercial Law Electronic Contract Considerations: Cyber Law Attempts to Revise the UCC Basic Legal Considerations Status of an Agent The Purchase Contract Letters of Intent Special Legal Considerations Inspection Rights Rights of Rejection Title and Risk of Loss Warranties Evergreen Contracts Order Cancellation and Breach of Contract JIT Contracts Honest Mistakes Patent Infringement Restraint of Trade Laws International Considerations Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 20 Contract and Relationship Management Need for Better Contract Management Preaward Conference: The Stage Has Been Set Monitoring and Controlling Project Progress Operations Progress Reports Gantt Charts CPM and PERT Closed-Loop MRP Systems Monitoring and Controlling Total Supplier Performance Supplier Performance Evaluation Motivation Punishment Rewards Assistance Transformational Training Quality Audits and Supply System Reviews Problem Solving Collaboration Managing the Relationship Summary Appendix A: Supplier Reporting Requirements for Unique Major Projects Appendix B: How Critical Path Scheduling Works Appendix C: Supplier Questionnaire Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 21 Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics in the Supply Management Context Professional Supply Management Ethics Principles and Standards of Ethical Supply Management Conduct National and International Supply Management Conduct Important Areas Requiring Amplification Avoid Sharp Practices Competitive Bidding Negotiation Samples Treating Salespeople with Respect Substandard Materials and Services Gifts and Gratuities Management Responsibilities Written Standards Ethics Training and Education Departmental Environment Miscellaneous Factors Dealing with Gray Areas The Four Way Test Social Responsibilities Summary Endnotes Suggested Reading Chapter 22 Implementing World-Class Purchasing in the Supply Chain Designing an Effective Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Purchasing Planning Function Defining Planning Four Phases of Planning The Organizing Function The Five Basic Steps to Organizing Basic Concepts of Organizing Organizing for Supply Chain Management The Staffing Function The Directing Function Leadership Leadership and the Purchasing Profession The Controlling Function Evaluating the Purchasing/Supply Management Department The Annual Report Risk Management New Focus on Risk Management Appendix A: The Institute for Supply Management Awards for Excellence in Supply Management Appendix B: From Reactive to Proactive Procurement: A Case Study Appendix C: Raytheon Supply Base Optimization, April Appendix D: At Rolls-Royce North America, an Organizational Shift Is the Driving Force Behind an Innovative New Journey to Engage Its Supply Chain Endnotes Suggested Reading Epilogue The Future of Supply Management Index…”

Constitutional government and democracy : theory and practice in Europe and America par Friedrich, Carl J.

Table des matières: “…The constitution as a political force : The evolution of human rights ; Civil liberties ; Social rights and freedoms ; Constitutional reason of state ; Conflicts of principle ; Preambles ; Two basic cleavages ; Cultural disunity over: Switzerland ; Contrast between Germany and Great Britain ; Symbols and stereotypes 4. …”