نتائج البحث - Stock change

The Changing environment of international financial markets : issues and analysis /

جدول المحتويات: "…Preface - Notes on the Contributors - PART 1: INTRODUCTION - Introduction; D.K.Ghosh & E.Ortiz - PART 2: EXCHANGE RATES MARKETS - Foreign Exchange Market Efficiency: A Look at London; J.P.Lajaunie, B.L.McManis & A.Naka - Freedom of Free Floating Exchange Rate: Empirical Analysis of Currency Fluctuation Patterns; M.A.Hashmi - PART 3: INTERNATIONAL INTEREST RATES - Statistical Analytical of Eurocurrency and Treasury Interest Rates from 1975 to 1991; C.Maxwell & L.Guin - A Cross-Country Comparison of Consumer Discount Rates; W.V.Weber, J.K.William & M.J.Morey - Interest Rate Parity, Covered Interest Arbitrage and Speculation under Market Imperfection; D.K.Ghosh - PART 4: BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL RESERVES - An Empirical Test on the Demand for International Reserves; A.N.Islam, M.Khan & M.M.Islam - The United States Current Account Deficit and Net Capital Inflow; E.Y.Lee & M.Szenberg - Balance of Payments Implications of the USSR for its Former Republics and the East European Countries; M.R.Zaman - PART 5: FOREIGN DEBT AND COUNTRY RISK ANALYSIS - Foreign Exchange Dynamics, Debt, and the Peso Problem; D.K.Ghosh - International Lending and Sovereign Debt in the Presence of Agency Costs: The Case of Mexico State University C.A.Erickson & E.Willman - A New Look at Country Risk Analysis: An Analytical Approach to Judgmental Risk Scoring; R.S.Koundinya - Political Risk in Latin American Stock Markets: A Rational Expectations Approach; B.Charmichael, J-C.Cosset & K.P.Fischer - PART 6: CAPITAL MARKETS - A Real Return Test of International Market Efficiency; S.Khaksari & N.Seitz - Risk Management and Corporate Governance in Imperfect Capital Markets; K.P.Fischer, E.Ortiz & A.P.Palasvirta - Structural Changes in the Korean Financial Market; J.Poznanska - An Analysis of Equity Markets of Quotation Systems; G.Duteil & A.Mulugetta - PART 7: TAXES, DISTORTIONS AND INTERNATIONAL BANKING - Economic Integration and Mexican Municipal Finances; A.Cabello - Optimum Distortions in Closed and Open Economies: Some Aspects of the Theory of Second Best; D.K.Ghosh & S.Ghosh - Socio-History of French Banks and Banking: Role Model for Global Banking; I.Finel-Honigman - Offshore Banking Centers: Prospects and Issues; E.N.Roussakis, K.Dandapani & A.J.Prakash - Index…"

Capital market development : the road ahead : papers written following a UNITAR Sub-Regional Workshop on Capital Market Development for West Africa (Accra-Ghana, 10 to 14 April 200... حسب Odife, Dennis O.

جدول المحتويات: "…Changing trends in stock exchange and capital market development: lessons for Africa / by Dennis O. …"

Intermediate accounting / حسب Meigs, Walter B.

جدول المحتويات: "…The development of accounting theory and practice The accounting process Income statement and statement of retained earnings Balance sheet and statement of changes in financial position The concept of present value; accounting applications Cash and marketable securities Receivables Inventories : cost and cost flow assumptions Bonds payable Accounting for leases and pension plans Corporations : paid-in capital Stock rights, warrants, options, and convertible securities Retained earnings and dividends Treasury stock, book value, and earnings per share Accounting for income taxes Accounting and inflation Accounting changes; statements from incomplete records Statement of changes in financial position Analysis of financial statements…"

Investment analysis and portfolio management حسب Ranganatham, M.

جدول المحتويات: "…Cover Preface Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Properties of Financial Assets Financial Markets Securities Market National Market International Market Domestic Segment Foreign Segment Money Market Call Market T-bill Market Inter-bank Market Certificates of Deposit Market Ready Forward Contracts (Repo) Market Commercial Paper (CP) Market Inter-Corporate Deposit Market Commercial Bill Market Capital Market Debt Market Equity Market Primary Market Secondary Market Forex Market Spot Market Derivative Market Investments Types of Investments Characteristics of Investment Objectives of Investment Types of Investors Investment vs Speculation Investment vs Gambling Speculation vs Gambling Hedging Summary Concepts Short Questions Essay Questions Chapter 2: Stock Exchanges in India The Bombay Stock Exchange The National Stock Exchange Over the Counter Exchange of India The Inter-connected Stock Exchange of India Stock Exchange Members Functions of Stock Exchange Members Broker/Dealer Market Makers Agency Brokers Stock Indices Computation of Index Secondary Market Secondary Market Trading Trading Limits Value at Risk Margin Additional Volatillity Margin Mark to Market Margin Special Ad hoc Margin Special Margin Gross Exposure Margin Mark to Market Margin Additional Volatillity Margin Special Ad hoc Margin (SAM) Special Margin Ad hoc Margin Opportunities Available for Foreign Investors Investment through Stock Exchanges Summary Concepts Short Questions Essay Questions Appendix 1 Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Chapter 3: Stock Market Regulation Securities Exchange Board of India Powers and Functions of SEBI. …"

Intermediate accounting / حسب Dyckman, Thomas R.

جدول المحتويات: "…PART III LIABILITIES 15 Short-Term Liabilities 16 Long-Term Liabilities 17 Accounting for Leases 18 Accounting for Pensions and Other Postemployment Benefits 19 Accounting for Income Taxes PART IV OWNER'S EQUITY 20 Corporations: Contributed Capital 21 Corporations: Retained Earnings and Stock Options 22 Earnings per Share PART V SPECIAL TOPICS 23 Statement of Cash Flows 24 Accounting Changes and Error Corrections 25 Special Topics: Disclosures, Segment Reporting, and Interim Reporting…"

Chindia : how China and India are revolutionizing global business /

جدول المحتويات: "…-- High tech in China: is it a threat to Silicon Valley -- China ramps ups -- Scrambling up the development ladder -- India and Silicon Valley: now the R&D flows both ways -- IBM's passage to India -- A brain trust in Bangalore -- The financial challenge -- The great bank overhaul -- Betting on China's banks -- Tiny loans, high finance -- India: who wants to build some roads -- Private equity pours into india -- China's boures: stock markets or casinos? -- China is a private-sector economy -- The education challenge -- Trying to tme the blackboard jungle -- No peasant left behind -- India's whiz kids -- India: big brains on campus -- The other MIT -- The seeds of the next Silicon Valley -- A whole new school of thought -- Making waves in Guangdong -- The social agenda -- Waking up to their rights -- Hard labor in Guangdong -- A blacklisted labor leader speaks out -- Breakdown -- India's untold story -- The digital village -- The great wail of China -- China's ecological and energy challenge -- A big, dirty growth engine -- The greening of China -- Winds of change in Inner Mongolia -- A big green opportunity in China -- A courageous voice for a greener China -- Asia's great oil hunt -- How a thirst for energy led to a thaw -- The new competitive challenge -- Shaking up trade trade theory -- Fakes! …"
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Chindia : how China and India are revolutionizing global business /

جدول المحتويات: "…-- High tech in China: is it a threat to Silicon Valley -- China ramps ups -- Scrambling up the development ladder -- India and Silicon Valley: now the R&D flows both ways -- IBM's passage to India -- A brain trust in Bangalore -- The financial challenge -- The great bank overhaul -- Betting on China's banks -- Tiny loans, high finance -- India: who wants to build some roads -- Private equity pours into india -- China's boures: stock markets or casinos? -- China is a private-sector economy -- The education challenge -- Trying to tme the blackboard jungle -- No peasant left behind -- India's whiz kids -- India: big brains on campus -- The other MIT -- The seeds of the next Silicon Valley -- A whole new school of thought -- Making waves in Guangdong -- The social agenda -- Waking up to their rights -- Hard labor in Guangdong -- A blacklisted labor leader speaks out -- Breakdown -- India's untold story -- The digital village -- The great wail of China -- China's ecological and energy challenge -- A big, dirty growth engine -- The greening of China -- Winds of change in Inner Mongolia -- A big green opportunity in China -- A courageous voice for a greener China -- Asia's great oil hunt -- How a thirst for energy led to a thaw -- The new competitive challenge -- Shaking up trade trade theory -- Fakes! …"
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Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts with Harley-Davidson Annual Report

جدول المحتويات: "…An Introduction to Accounting 2 (58) Chapter Opening 3 (1) Role of Accounting in Society 4 (5) Using Free Markets to Set Resource Priorities 4 (1) Accounting Provides Information 5 (1) Types of Accounting Information 6 (1) Nonbusiness Resource Allocations 6 (1) Careers in Accounting 7 (1) Measurement Rules 8 (1) Reporting Entities 9 (1) Elements of Financial Statements 10 (1) Accounting Equation 11 (1) Recording Business Events Under the Accounting Equation 12 (3) Asset Source Transactions 12 (1) Asset Exchange Transactions 13 (1) Another Asset Source Transaction 14 (1) Asset Use Transactions 14 (1) Historical Cost and Reliability Concepts 15 (1) Recap: Types of Transactions 16 (1) Summary of Transactions 16 (1) Preparing Financial Statements 17 (4) Income Statement and the Matching Concept 17 (2) Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity 19 (1) Balance Sheet 19 (1) Statement of Cash Flows 20 (1) The Closing Process 21 (1) The Horizontal Financial Statements Model 21 (1) The Financial Analyst 22 (2) A Look Back 24 (1) A Look Forward 25 (1) Appendix 25 (2) Self-Study Review Problem 27 (1) Key Terms 28 (1) Questions 28 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 29 (1) Exercises--Series A 29 (8) Problems--Series A 37 (4) Exercises--Series B 41 (7) Problems--Series B 48 (5) Analyze, Think, Communicate 53 (7) Accounting for Accruals 60 (60) Chapter Opening 61 (1) Accrual Accounting 62 (8) Transaction Data in Ledger Accounts 64 (1) 2008 Financial Statements 65 (2) The Closing Process 67 (1) Matching Concept 67 (3) Second Accounting Cycle 70 (4) Adjusting the Accounts 71 (1) Summary of 2009 Transactions 72 (1) 2009 Financial Statements 72 (2) Closing the Temporary (Nominal) Accounts 74 (1) Steps in an Accounting Cycle 74 (1) Accounting for Notes Payable 74 (4) Vertical Statements Model 76 (2) The Financial Analyst 78 (4) A Look Back 82 (1) A Look Forward 83 (1) Appendix 83 (3) Self-Study Review Problem 86 (2) Key Terms 88 (1) Questions 88 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 89 (1) Exercises--Series A 89 (8) Problems--Series A 97 (6) Exercises--Series B 103 (7) Problems--Series B 110 (6) Analyze, Think, Communicate 116 (4) Accounting for Deferrals 120 (50) Chapter Opening 121 (1) Accounting for Deferrals Illustrated 122 (5) Summary of Events and Ledger Accounts 124 (1) The 2007 Financial Statements 125 (1) The Matching Concept 125 (2) Second Accounting Cycle 127 (5) Effect of 2008 Transactions on the Accounting Equation and the Financial Statements 130 (2) Third Accounting Cycle 132 (4) Effect of 2009 Transactions on the Accounting Equation and the Financial Statements 134 (2) The Financial Analyst 136 (4) A Look Back 140 (1) A Look Forward 141 (1) Self-Study Review Problem 141 (2) Key Terms 143 (1) Questions 143 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 143 (1) Exercises--Series A 144 (5) Problems--Series A 149 (5) Exercises--Series B 154 (5) Problems--Series B 159 (5) Analyze, Think, Communicate 164 (6) The Double-Entry Accounting System 170 (68) Chapter Opening 171 (1) Debit/Credit Terminology 172 (1) Collins Consultants Case 172 (11) Asset Source Transactions 172 (4) Asset Exchange Transactions 176 (1) Asset Use Transactions 177 (2) Claims Exchange Transactions 179 (1) Adjusting the Accounts 180 (3) Overview of Debit/Credit Relationships 183 (1) Summary of T-Accounts 184 (1) The Ledger 184 (2) The General Journal 186 (2) Financial Statements 188 (1) Closing Entries 188 (2) Trial Balance 190 (1) The Financial Analyst 191 (3) A Look Back 194 (1) A Look Forward 194 (1) Self-Study Review Problem 195 (2) Key Terms 197 (1) Questions 198 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 198 (1) Exercises--Series A 198 (9) Problems--Series A 207 (8) Exercises--Series B 215 (8) Problems--Series B 223 (8) Analyze, Think, Communicate 231 (7) Accounting for Merchandising Businesses 238 (60) Chapter Opening 239 (2) Product Costs Versus Selling and Administrative Costs 241 (1) Allocating Inventory Cost Between Asset and Expense Accounts 241 (1) Perpetual Inventory System 241 (2) Effects of 2008 Events on Financial Statements 242 (1) Recording and Reporting Inventory Events in the Double-Entry System 243 (2) Financial Statements for 2008 244 (1) Transportation Cost, Purchase Returns and Allowances, and Cash Discounts Related to Inventory Purchases 245 (6) Effects of 2009 Events on Financial Statements 246 (1) Accounting for Purchase Returns and Allowances 246 (1) Purchase Discounts 247 (1) The Cost of Financing Inventory 248 (1) Accounting for Transportation Costs 248 (3) Recognizing Gains and Losses 251 (1) Recording and Reporting Inventory Events in the Double-Entry System 251 (2) Multistep Income Statement 253 (2) Lost, Damaged, or Stolen Inventory 255 (1) Adjustment for Lost, Damaged, or Stolen Inventory 255 (1) Events Affecting Sales 256 (3) Accounting for Sales Returns and Allowances 257 (1) Accounting for Sales Discounts 258 (1) The Financial Analyst 259 (4) A Look Back 263 (1) A Look Forward 263 (1) Appendix 264 (1) Self-Study Review Problem 265 (2) Key Terms 267 (1) Questions 267 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 268 (1) Exercises--Series A 269 (8) Problems--Series A 277 (3) Exercises--Series B 280 (8) Problems--Series B 288 (3) Analyze, Think, Communicate 291 (5) Comprehensive Problem 296 (2) Accounting for Inventories 298 (44) Chapter Opening 299 (1) Inventory Cost Flow Methods 300 (1) Specific Identification 300 (1) First-In, First-Out (FIFO) 300 (1) Last-In, First-Out (UFO) 300 (1) Weighted Average 300 (1) Physical Flow 300 (1) Effect of Cost Flow on Financial Statements 300 (2) Effect on Income Statement 300 (1) Effect on Balance Sheet 301 (1) Inventory Cost Flow under a Perpetual System 302 (4) Multiple Layers with Multiple Quantities 302 (1) Allocating Cost of Goods Available for Sale 302 (1) Effect of Cost Flow on Financial Statements 303 (3) Inventory Cost Flow When Sales and Purchases Occur Intermittently 306 (2) FIFO Cost Flow 306 (1) Weighted-Average and UFO Cost Flows 307 (1) Lower-of-Cost-or-Market Rule 308 (1) Avoiding Fraud in Merchandising Businesses 309 (1) Estimating the Ending Inventory Balance 310 (2) The Financial Analyst 312 (2) Effects of Cost Flow on Ratio Analysis 314 (1) A Look Back 314 (1) A Look Forward 314 (1) Self-Study Review Problem 315 (1) Key Terms 316 (1) Questions 316 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 317 (1) Exercises--Series A 317 (6) Problems--Series A 323 (3) Exercises--Series B 326 (6) Problems--Series B 332 (4) Analyze, Think, Communicate 336 (4) Comprehensive Problem 340 (2) Internal Control and Accounting for Cash 342 (48) Chapter Opening 343 (1) Key Features of Internal Control Systems 344 (2) Separation of Duties 344 (1) Quality of Employees 344 (1) Bonded Employees 344 (1) Required Absences 344 (1) Procedures Manual 345 (1) Authority and Responsibility 345 (1) Prenumbered Documents 345 (1) Physical Control 345 (1) Performance Evaluations 346 (1) Limitations 346 (1) Accounting for Cash 346 (11) Controlling Cash 346 (1) Cash Payments 347 (1) Checking Account Documents 348 (2) Reconciling the Bank Statement 350 (1) Illustrating a Bank Reconciliation 351 (3) Cash Short and Over 354 (1) Using Petty Cash Funds 355 (2) The Financial Analyst 357 (3) A Look Back 360 (1) A Look Forward 361 (1) Self-Study Review Problem 362 (1) Key Terms 362 (1) Questions 363 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 364 (1) Exercises--Series A 364 (4) Problems--Series A 368 (5) Exercises--Series B 373 (5) Problems--Series B 378 (5) Analyze, Think, Communicate 383 (4) Comprehensive Problem 387 (3) Accounting for Receivables and Payables 390 (52) Chapter Opening 391 (1) Allowance Method of Accounting for Bad Debts 392 (8) Accounting Events Affecting the 2008 Period 392 (1) Accounting for Bad Debts Expense 392 (2) General Ledger T-Accounts 394 (1) Financial Statements 395 (1) Estimating Bad Debts Expense 396 (1) Accounting Events Affecting the 2009 Period 396 (2) Year-End Adjusting Entries 398 (1) General Ledger T-Accounts 398 (1) Analysis of Financial Statements 399 (1) Recognition of Bad Debts Expense Using the Direct Write-Off Method 400 (1) Accounting for Credit Card Sales 401 (1) Warranty Obligations 402 (3) General Ledger T-Accounts and Financial Statements 403 (2) The Financial Analyst 405 (1) Costs of Credit Sales 405 (3) A Look Back 408 (1) A Look Forward 409 (1) Appendix 409 (5) Self-Study Review Problem 414 (1) Key Terms 414 (1) Questions 415 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 416 (1) Exercises--Series A 416 (5) Problems--Series A 421 (5) Exercises--Series B 426 (6) Problems--Series B 432 (5) Analyze, Think, Communicate 437 (3) Comprehensive Problem 440 (2) Accounting for Long-Term Operational Assets 442 (58) Chapter Opening 443 (1) Tangible Versus Intangible Assets 444 (1) Tangible Long-Term Assets 444 (1) Intangible Assets 444 (1) Determining the Cost of Long-Term Assets 445 (1) Basket Purchase Allocation 445 (1) Life Cycle of Operational Assets 446 (1) Methods of Recognizing Depreciation Expense 446 (9) Straight-Line Depreciation 447 (3) Double-Declining-Balance Depreciation 450 (2) Units-of-Production Depreciation 452 (1) Comparing the Depreciation Methods 453 (2) Income Tax Considerations 455 (1) Revision of Estimates 456 (1) Revision of Life 456 (1) Revision of Salvage 456 (1) Continuing Expenditures for Plant Assets 457 (2) Costs that Are Expensed 457 (1) Costs that Are Capitalized 457 (2) Natural Resources 459 (1) Intangible Assets 460 (2) Trademarks 460 (1) Patents 460 (1) Copyrights 460 (1) Franchises 460 (1) Goodwill 461 (1) Expense Recognition for Intangible Assets 462 (2) Expensing Intangible Assets with Identifiable Useful Lives 462 (1) Impairment Losses for Intangible Assets with Indefinite Useful Lives 463 (1) Balance Sheet Presentation 464 (1) The Financial Analyst 464 (2) A Look Back 466 (1) A Look Forward 467 (1) Self-Study Review Problem 467 (1) Key Terms 468 (1) Questions 468 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 469 (1) Exercises--Series A 469 (6) Problems--Series A 475 (6) Exercises--Series B 481 (5) Problems--Series B 486 (6) Analyze, Think, Communicate 492 (6) Comprehensive Problem 498 (2) Accounting for Long-Term Debt 500 (58) Chapter Opening 501 (1) Installment Notes Payable 502 (3) Line of Credit 505 (1) Bond Liabilities 505 (7) Advantages of Issuing Bonds 506 (1) Security of Bonds 507 (1) Timing of Maturity 507 (1) Special Features 508 (1) Bond Ratings 508 (1) Bonds Issued at Face Value 509 (1) Recording Procedures 509 (1) Effect of Events on Financial Statements 510 (1) Financial Statements 511 (1) Bonds Issued at a Discount 512 (5) Effective Interest Rate 512 (1) Bond Prices 513 (1) Mason Company Revisited 513 (2) Effect on Financial Statements 515 (2) Effect of Semiannual Interest Payments 517 (1) Bonds Issued at a Premium 517 (1) The Market Rate of Interest 518 (1) Bond Redemptions 518 (1) Security for Loan Agreements 519 (1) The Financial Analyst 519 (3) A Look Back 522 (1) A Look Forward 522 (1) Appendix 523 (4) Self-Study Review Problem 527 (1) Key Terms 527 (1) Questions 528 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 529 (1) Exercises--Series A 529 (7) Problems--Series A 536 (3) Exercises--Series B 539 (7) Problems--Series B 546 (4) Analyze, Think, Communicate 550 (6) Comprehensive Problem 556 (2) Accounting for Equity Transactions 558 (46) Chapter Opening 560 (1) Formation of Business Organizations 560 (1) Ownership Agreements 560 (1) Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Forms of Business Organization 560 (3) Regulation 560 (1) Double Taxation 561 (1) Limited Liability 562 (1) Continuity 562 (1) Transferability of Ownership 563 (1) Management Structure 563 (1) Ability to Raise Capital 563 (1) Appearance of Capital Structure in Financial Statements 563 (2) Presentation of Equity in Proprietorships 563 (1) Presentation of Equity in Partnerships 564 (1) Presentation of Equity in Corporations 565 (1) Characteristics of Capital Stock 565 (1) Par Value 565 (1) Stated Value 565 (1) Other Valuation Terminology 566 (1) Stock: Authorized, Issued, and Outstanding 566 (1) Classes of Stock 566 (2) Common Stock 566 (1) Preferred Stock 567 (1) Accounting for Stock Transactions on the Day of Issue 568 (2) Issuing Par Value Stock 568 (1) Stock Clarification 568 (1) Stock Issued at Stated Value 569 (1) Stock Issued with No-Par Value 569 (1) Financial Statement Presentation 570 (1) Stockholders' Equity Transactions after the Day of Issue 570 (4) Treasury Stock 570 (2) Cash Dividend 572 (1) Stock Dividend 573 (1) Stock Split 573 (1) Appropriation of Retained Earnings 574 (1) Financial Statement Presentation 574 (1) The Financial Analyst 575 (2) A Look Back 577 (1) A Look Forward 578 (1) Self-Study Review Problem 578 (1) Key Terms 579 (1) Questions 579 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 580 (1) Exercises--Series A 581 (4) Problems--Series A 585 (3) Exercises--Series B 588 (5) Problems--Series B 593 (3) Analyze, Think, Communicate 596 (6) Comprehensive Problem 602 (2) Statement of Cash Flows 604 (51) Chapter Opening 605 (1) Operating Activities 606 (1) Investing Activities 606 (1) Financing Activities 606 (1) Noncash Investing and Financing Activities 606 (1) Reporting Format for the Statement of Cash Flows 606 (1) Converting from Accrual to Cash-Basis Accounting 607 (5) Operating Activities 609 (1) Procedures for Determining Cash Flow from Operating Activities under the Indirect Method 610 (2) Preparing the Operating Activities Section of the Statement of Cash Flows Using the Direct Method 612 (9) Preparing the Investing Activities Section of the Statement of Cash Flows 615 (2) Preparing the Financing Activities Section of We Statement of Cash Flows 617 (4) Preparing the Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities for the Statement of Cash Flows 621 (1) The Financial Analyst 621 (2) A Look Back 623 (1) A Look Forward 623 (1) Appendix 624 (1) Self-Study Review Problem 625 (3) Key Terms 628 (1) Questions 628 (1) Multiple-Choice Questions 629 (1) Exercises--Series A 629 (4) Problems--Series A 633 (6) Exercises--Series B 639 (4) Problems--Series B 643 (6) Analyze, Think, Communicate 649 (6) (Online) Financial Statement Analysis Appendix A Accessing the EDGAR Database Through the Internet 655 (1) Appendix B Annual Report for The Topps Company, Inc. 656 (55) Appendix C Summary of Financial Ratios 711 (3) Appendix D Annual Report and Financial Statement Analysis Projects 714 (11) Appendix E Accounting for Investment Securities 725 (9) Appendix F Time Value of Money 734 (8) Glossary 742 (11) Photo Credits 753 (1) Index 754…"

Law and development /

Accounting : a book of readings /

جدول المحتويات: "…1. The changing role of accountancy 2. The idea of accounting 3. …"

Economics : private & public choice / حسب Gwartney, James D.

جدول المحتويات: "…628 (2) Personal Retirement Accounts and Social Security Reform 630 (2) Key Points 632 (1) Critical Analysis Questions 633 (1) The Stock Market: Its Function, Performance, and Potential as an Investment Opportunity 634 (10) The Economic Functions of the Stock Market 635 (1) Stock Market Performance: The Historical Record 636 (1) The Interest Rate, the Value of Future Income, and Stock Prices 637 (1) The Random Walk Theory of the Stock Market 638 (1) How the Ordinary Investor Can Beat the Experts 639 (3) Key Points 642 (1) Critical Analysis Questions 643 (1) The Federal Budget and the National Debt 644 (10) Deficits, Surpluses, and the National Debt 645 (1) Who Owns the National Debt? …"

Cost and management accounting : an introduction

جدول المحتويات: "…Preface xiii Part One Introduction to Cost and Management Accounting 1 (38) Introduction to management accounting 3 (16) The users of accounting information 4 (1) Differences between management accounting and financial accounting 5 (1) The decision-making process 5 (5) Changing competitive environment 10 (1) Focus on customer satisfaction and new management approaches 10 (3) The impact of the changing environment of management accounting systems 13 (1) Functions of management accounting 14 (2) Summary of the contents of this book 16 (3) An introduction to cost terms and concepts 19 (20) Cost objects 19 (1) Direct and indirect costs 20 (2) Period and product costs 22 (1) Cost behaviour 22 (5) Relevant and irrelevant costs and revenues 27 (1) Avoidable and unavoidable costs 28 (1) Sunk costs 28 (1) Opportunity costs 28 (1) Incremental and marginal costs 29 (1) Job costing and process costing systems 30 (1) Maintaining a cost database 30 (9) Part Two Cost Accumulation for Inventory Valuation and Profit Measurement 39 (158) Accounting for labour and materials 41 (30) Accounting for labour costs 42 (2) Accounting treatment of various labour cost items 44 (1) Materials recording procedure 45 (2) Pricing the issues of materials 47 (4) Issues relating to accounting for materials 51 (2) Quantitative models for the planning and control of stocks 53 (1) Relevant costs for quantitative models under conditions of certainty 53 (1) Determining the economic order quantity 54 (3) Assumptions of the EOQ formula 57 (1) Determining when to place the order 57 (1) Control of stocks through classification 58 (1) Materials requirement planning 59 (1) Just-in-time systems 60 (11) Cost assignment 71 (36) Assignment of direct and indirect costs 72 (1) Different costs for different purposes 72 (2) Cost-benefit issues and cost systems design 74 (1) Assigning direct costs to objects 75 (1) Plant-wide (blanket) overhead rates 75 (2) The two-stage allocation process 77 (1) An illustration of the two-stage process for a traditional costing system 78 (7) Extracting relevant costs for decision-making 85 (1) Budgeted overhead rates 85 (1) Under-and over-recovery of overheads 86 (1) Maintaining the database at standard costs 87 (1) Non-manufacturing overheads 88 (4) Appendix 4.1: Inter-service department reallocations 92 (4) Appendix 4.2: Other allocation bases used by traditional systems 96 (11) Accounting entries for a job costing system 107 (24) Control accounts 108 (1) Recording the purchase of raw materials 109 (1) Recording the issue of materials 109 (3) Accounting procedure for labour costs 112 (1) Accounting procedure for manufacturing overheads 113 (2) Non-manufacturing overheads 115 (1) Accounting procedures for jobs completed and products sold 115 (1) Costing profit and loss account 116 (1) Interlocking accounting 116 (1) Contract costing 117 (5) Work in progress valuation and amounts recoverable on contracts 122 (9) Process costing 131 (32) Flow of production and costs in a process costing system 132 (1) Process costing when all output is fully complete 133 (6) Process costing with ending work in progress partially complete 139 (3) Beginning and ending work in progress of uncompleted units 142 (5) Partially completed output and losses in process 147 (1) Process costing for decision-making and control 147 (1) Batch/operating costing 148 (1) Surveys of practice 149 (3) Appendix 6.1: Losses in process and partially completed units 152 (11) Joint and by-product costing 163 (16) Distinguishing between joint products and by-products 163 (2) Methods of allocating joint costs 165 (7) Irrelevance of joint cost allocations for decision-making 172 (1) Accounting for by-products 173 (1) By-products, scrap and waste 174 (5) Income effects of alternative cost accumulation systems 179 (18) External and internal reporting 180 (1) Variable costing 181 (1) Absorption costing 182 (1) Variable costing and absorption costing: a comparison of their impact on profit 183 (3) A mathematical model of the profit functions 186 (1) Some arguments in support of variable costing 187 (1) Some arguments in support of absorption costing 188 (1) Surveys of company practice 189 (2) Appendix 8.1: Derivation of the profit function for an absorption costing system 191 (6) Part Three Information for Decision-making 197 (112) Cost-volume--profit analysis 199 (30) The economist's model 200 (2) The accountant's cost--volume--profit model 202 (2) A mathematical approach to cost-volume--profit analysis 204 (4) Margin of safety 208 (1) Constructing the break-even chart 208 (1) Alternative presentation of cost--volume--profit analysis 208 (2) Multi-product cost--volume--profit analysis 210 (3) Cost--volume--profit analysis assumptions 213 (3) Cost--volume--profit analysis and computer applications 216 (1) Separation of semi-variable costs 216 (13) Measuring relevant costs and revenues for decision-making 229 (28) The meaning of relevance 230 (1) Importance of qualitative factors 230 (1) Special pricing decisions 231 (4) Product-mix decisions when capacity constraints exist 235 (2) Replacement of equipment -- the irrelevance of past costs 237 (2) Outsourcing and make or buy decisions 239 (4) Discontinuation decisions 243 (2) Determining the relevant costs of direct materials 245 (1) Determining the relevant costs of direct labour 245 (12) Activity-based costing 257 (28) The role of a cost accumulation system in generating relevant cost information for decision-making 258 (1) Types of cost systems 259 (1) A comparison of traditional and ABC systems 260 (2) The emergence of ABC systems 262 (1) Volume-based and non-volume-based cost drivers 262 (3) An illustration of the two-stage process for an ABC system 265 (4) Designing ABC systems 269 (3) Activity hierarchies 272 (1) Cost versus benefits considerations 273 (1) Periodic review of an ABC data base 274 (1) ABC in service organizations 274 (1) ABC cost management applications 275 (10) Capital investment decisions 285 (24) The opportunity cost of an investment 286 (1) Compounding and discounting 286 (2) The concept of net present value 288 (2) Calculating net present values 290 (1) The internal rate of return 291 (3) Relevant cash flows 294 (1) Timing of cash flows 294 (1) Techniques that ignore the time value of money 295 (1) Payback method 295 (3) Accounting rate of return 298 (1) Qualitative factors 299 (2) Appendix 12.1: Taxation and investment decisions 301 (8) Part Four Information for Planning, Control and Performance Measurement 309 (106) The budgeting process 311 (28) Relationship between budgeting and long-term planning 312 (1) The multiple functions of budgets 312 (2) Conflicting roles of budgets 314 (1) The budget period 314 (1) Administration of the budgeting process 315 (1) Stages in the budgeting process 316 (4) A detailed illustration 320 (1) Sales budget 320 (3) Production budget and budgeted stock levels 323 (1) Direct materials usage budget 324 (1) Direct materials purchase budget 324 (1) Direct labour budget 325 (1) Factory overhead budget 325 (1) Selling and administration budget 326 (1) Departmental budgets 327 (1) Master budget 327 (2) Cash budgets 329 (1) Final review 329 (1) Computerized budgeting 330 (9) Management control systems 339 (28) Different types of controls 340 (3) Cybernetic control systems 343 (1) Feedback and feed-forward controls 343 (1) Management accounting control systems 344 (1) Responsibility centres 344 (2) The nature of management accounting control systems 346 (1) The controllability principle 347 (4) Setting financial performance targets 351 (1) Participation in the budgeting and target setting process 352 (2) Non-financial performance measures 354 (1) Activity-based cost management 355 (12) Standard costing and variance analysis 367 (48) Operation of a standard costing system 368 (3) Establishing cost standards 371 (3) Types of cost standards 374 (4) Variance analysis 378 (1) Material variances 378 (1) Material price variances 379 (2) Material usage variance 381 (1) Total material variance 382 (1) Labour variances 382 (1) Wage rate variance 382 (1) Labour efficiency variance 383 (1) Total labour variance 384 (1) Variable overhead variances 384 (1) Variable overhead expenditure variance 384 (1) Variable overhead efficiency variance 385 (1) Similarities between materials, labour and overhead variances 386 (1) Fixed overhead expenditure or spending variance 386 (1) Sales variances 387 (1) Total sales margin variance 387 (1) Sales margin price variance 388 (1) Sales margin volume variance 389 (1) Reconciling budgeted profit and actual profit 389 (1) Standard absorption costing 389 (2) Volume variance 391 (1) Volume efficiency variance 392 (1) Volume capacity variance 393 (1) Summary of fixed overhead variances 393 (1) Reconciliation of budgeted and actual profit for a standard absorption costing system 393 (2) Performance reports 395 (3) Recording standard costs in the accounts 398 (17) Questions 415 (126) Bibliography 541 (4) Appendices 545 (4) Appendix A 546 (1) Appendix B 547 (2) Index 549…"

Microeconomics حسب Pindyck, Robert S.

جدول المحتويات: "…15 (3) Corporate Decision Making: Ford's Sport Utility Vehicles 15 (2) Public Policy Design: Automobile Emission Standards for the Twenty-First Century 17 (1) Summary 18 (1) Questions for Review 18 (1) Exercises 18 (3) The Basics of Supply and Demand 21 (44) Supply and Demand 22 (3) The Supply Curve 22 (1) The Demand Curve 23 (2) The Market Mechanism 25 (1) Changes in Market Equilibrium 26 (8) Elasticities of Supply and Demand 34 (6) Point versus Arc Elasticities 37 (3) Short-Run versus Long-Run Elasticities 40 (9) Demand 40 (5) Supply 45 (4) Understanding and Predicting the Effects of Changing Market Conditions 49 (9) Effects of Government Intervention-Price Controls 58 (3) Summary 61 (1) Questions for Review 61 (1) Exercises 62 (3) Part Two Producers, Consumers, and Competitive Markets 65 (282) Consumer Behavior 67 (44) Consumer Behavior 67 (2) Consumer Preferences 69 (14) Market Baskets 69 (1) Some Basic Assumptions about Preferences 70 (1) Indifference Curves 70 (2) Indifference Maps 72 (2) The Shape of Indifference Curves 74 (1) The Marginal Rate of Substitution 75 (1) Perfect Substitutes and Perfect Complements 76 (7) Budget Constraints 83 (3) The Budget Line 83 (1) The Effects of Changes in Income and Prices 84 (2) Consumer choice 86 (6) Corner Solutions 90 (2) Revealed Preferences 92 (3) Marginal Utility and Consumer Choice 95 (5) Cost-of-Living Indexes 100 (6) Ideal Cost-of-Living Index 101 (1) Laspeyres Index 102 (1) Paasche Index 103 (1) Price Indexes in the United Statics: Chain Weighting 104 (2) Summary 106 (1) Questions for Review 106 (1) Exercises 107 (4) Individual and Market Demand 111 (48) Individual Demand 112 (8) Price Changes 112 (1) The Individual Demand Curve 113 (1) Income Changes 114 (1) Normal versus Inferior Goods 115 (1) Engel Curves 116 (3) Substitutes and Complements 119 (1) Income and Substitution Effects 120 (5) Substitution Effect 121 (1) Income Effect 121 (1) A Special Case: The Giffen Good 122 (3) Market Demand 125 (7) From Individual to Market Demand 125 (2) Elasticity of Demand 127 (5) Consumer Surplus 132 (4) Consumer Surplus and Demand 132 (4) Network Externalities 136 (4) The Bandwagon Effect 136 (1) The Snob Effect 137 (3) Empirical Estimation of Demand 140 (4) The Statistical Approach to Demand Estimation 140 (2) The Form of the Demand Relationship 142 (2) Interview and Experimental Approaches to Demand Determination 144 (1) Summary 144 (1) Questions for Review 145 (1) Exercises 146 (3) Demand Theory---A Mathematical Treatment 149 (8) Utility Maximization 149 (1) The Method of Lagrange Multipliers 150 (1) The Equal Marginal Principle 151 (1) Marginal Rate of Substitution 151 (1) Marginal Utility of Income 152 (1) An Example 152 (2) Duality in Consumer Theory 154 (1) Income and Substitution Effect 155 (2) Exercises 157 (2) Uncertainty and Consumer Behavior 159 (36) Describing Risk 160 (5) Probability 160 (1) Expected Value 161 (1) Variability 161 (2) Decision Making 163 (2) Preferences Toward Risk 165 (5) Different Preferences Toward Risk 167 (3) Reducing Risk 170 (6) Diversification 170 (2) Insurance 172 (2) The Value of Information 174 (2) The Demand for Risky Assets 176 (9) Assets 177 (1) Risky and Riskless Assets 177 (1) Asset Returns 178 (1) The Trade-Off Between Risk and Return 179 (1) The Investor's Choice Problem 180 (5) Behavioral Economics 185 (6) More Complex Preferences 186 (2) Rules of Thumb and Biases in Decision Making 188 (1) Probabilities and Uncertainty 189 (1) Summing Up 189 (2) Summary 191 (1) Questions for Review 191 (1) Exercises 191 (4) Production 195 (26) The Production Decisions of a Firm 195 (1) The Technology of Production 196 (2) The Production Function 197 (1) The Short Run versus the Long Run 197 (1) Production with One Variable Input (Labor) 198 (9) Average and Marginal Products 199 (1) The Slopes of the Product Curve 200 (1) The Average Product of Labor Curve 201 (1) The Marginal Product of Labor Curve 202 (1) The Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns 202 (3) labor Productivity 205 (2) Production with Two Variable Inputs 207 (8) Isoquants 207 (2) Input Flexibility 209 (1) Diminishing Marginal Returns 209 (1) Substitution Among Inputs 209 (2) Production Functions---Two Special Cases 211 (4) Returns to Scale 215 (3) Describing Returns to Scale 215 (3) Summary 218 (1) Questions for Review 218 (1) Exercises 219 (2) The Cost of Production 221 (50) Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? …"

Public relations : principles and practices / حسب Sachdeva, Iqbal S.

جدول المحتويات: "…210 (3) Customer Relations Programme 213 (5) Maintaining Good Customer Relations 218 (1) The Communication Media 218 (8) Dealer Relations 226 (24) Dealer's Vital Role 226 (1) Dealer Relations 227 (1) Love--hate Relationship 228 (2) Company's Views on Dealers 230 (3) Dealer's Views of a Company 233 (2) Objectives of Dealer Relations 235 (1) Good Dealer Relations 235 (5) Manufacturer's Support to Dealers 240 (2) Communicating to the Dealers 242 (1) Communication Media 243 (7) Vendor Relations 250 (18) Vendor Relations 250 (3) Vendors' Expectations 253 (2) Buyer Company Expectations 255 (3) Vendor Relations Objectives 258 (1) Public Relations for Vendors 259 (1) Public Relations Role 260 (5) Case Study: Asahi India Safety Glass Limited 265 (3) Employee Public Relations 268 (25) Employee Public Relations 268 (3) Employee Expectations 271 (4) Challenges of Employee Communication 275 (6) Characteristics of Good Employee Communication 281 (1) Communication Media 282 (5) Managements Must Listen 287 (4) Case Study: Communication in Stress 291 (2) Investor Relations 293 (19) Introducing Investor Relations 293 (1) Public Relations Role and Responsibility 294 (7) Investor Publics 301 (1) Investor Relations Objectives 301 (1) Communications for Investors---PR Tools 302 (8) Case Study: DLF Investor Relations Strategies 310 (2) Media Relations 312 (21) Public Relations and Media 312 (3) Media Relations---a Balancing Act 315 (1) Networking for Good Media Relations 316 (2) Public Relations Assistance to Media 318 (2) Media Relations Norms 320 (5) Holding a Press Conference 325 (4) Measurement of Success 329 (4) Corporate Social Responsibility and Community Relations 333 (23) Corporate Social Responsibility and Community Relations 333 (2) CSR---the Indian Tradition 335 (1) Private Sector Initiatives 336 (4) CII Initiatives 340 (2) Community Expectations 342 (2) Objectives of Community Relations 344 (1) Community Networking 345 (1) Communicating to the Community 346 (1) The Communication Media 347 (4) Case Study: Social Mission and Business Vision 351 (5) Corporate Image 356 (16) Corporate Image Defined 356 (2) Corporate Image---the Indian Scenario 358 (1) Stock Market and the Image 358 (2) The Image Makers 360 (6) Public Relations Role 366 (1) Image Management Process 367 (3) Case Study: LG Electronics---a Success Story 370 (2) Corporate Identity Management 372 (22) Corporate Identity Defined 372 (1) Corporate Identity---a Vital Element 373 (2) Corporate Identity Mix 375 (5) Developing a Corporate Identity 380 (6) Identity and Image Relationship 386 (1) Corporate Identity---Legal Aspects 386 (3) Corporate Identity Changes---When and Why? …"

Applied economics

جدول المحتويات: "…461 (8) Direct vs indirect taxes 469 (2) Tax and social security reform 471 (6) Conclusion 477 (1) Key points 478 (1) Notes 478 (1) References and further reading 478 (3) 20 Money and EMU 481 (42) Synopsis 481 (1) The nature of money 482 (1) Functions of money 482 (4) The importance of money 486 (8) Issues in counting the money stock 494 (4) The money supply process 498 (4) Monetary control 502 (7) Assessment of monetary policy in the 1980's 509 (1) Changing attitudes towards monetary control 510 (2) European Monetary Union (EMU) 512 (8) Conclusions 520 (1) Key points 521 (1) Notes 521 (1) References 522 (1) 21 Financial institutions and markets 523 (42) Synopsis 523 (1) The role of the financial system 524 (2) The role of financial intermediaries 526 (2) UK financial intermediaries 528 (7) The Bank of England 535 (6) UK financial markets 541 (8) The Bank of England and the sterling wholesale money markets 549 (1) The European Single Financial Market 550 (3) Competitive pressures and the UK banking sector 553 (6) Responses of UK retail banks 559 (3) Key points 562 (1) References and further reading 563 (2) 22 Inflation 565 (26) Synopsis 565 (1) The definition and measurement of inflation 566 (6) Low inflation as a policy objective 572 (2) The effects of inflation on economic growth 574 (1) Economic theory and inflation 575 (10) UK inflationary experience 585 (2) The National Minimum Wage and prices 587 (1) Key points 588 (1) Notes 589 (1) References and further reading 589 (2) 23 Unemployment 591 (26) Synopsis 591 (1) Unemployment in the UK 592 (5) International comparisons 597 (1) Unemployment and economic theory 598 (6) A framework for thinking about unemployment 604 (4) Unemployment in the OECD 608 (2) Unemployment persistence and hysteresis 610 (1) What can be done to reduce unemployment? …"

Business law حسب Keenan, Denis

جدول المحتويات: "…Guided Tour xii Preface xv Legal Study Skills xvi Case Names, Citations and Law report Abbreviations xix Acknowledgements xxii Table of Cases xxiii Table of Statutes xxxvi Table of Statutory instruments xxxix Table of European and other Legislation xlii PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO LAW The Nature of Law 3 (10) Learning Objectives 3 (1) Classification of Law 3 (3) The Common Law 6 (1) Equity 7 (1) Some Basic Principles of Legal Liability 8 (1) Law of Property 9 (1) Self-Test Questions/Activities 10 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 10 (1) Website References 11 (2) Law Making 13 (34) Learning Objective 13 (1) Causes of Legal Change 13 (1) Legal Change and the Changing World 13 (2) Law Reform 15 (1) The Sources of Legal Change 15 (1) Law-Making Processes 16 (9) European Community Law 25 (14) Human rights 39 (5) Self-test questions/Activities 44 (1) Specimen examination questions 44 (1) Website References 45 (2) Resolving Disputes 47 (28) Learning Objectives 47 (1) Legal Services 47 (1) The Legal Profession 47 (2) Other Legal Personnel 49 (1) Other Sources of Information and Advice 50 (1) Methods of Dispute Settlement: the Courts 51 (1) Criminal Courts 52 (6) Civil Courts 58 (6) Other Important Courts 64 (1) Tribunals 65 (2) Alternative dispute resolution 67 (2) Ombudsmen 69 (1) Regulators 69 (1) Self-test questions/activities 69 (2) Specimen examination questions 71 (1) Website References 71 (4) PART 2: BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS Classification and Survey of Types of Business Organisation 75 (26) Learning Objectives 75 (1) Classification of Business Organisations 75 (3) Natural and Juristic Persons 78 (2) Survey of Types of Business Organisations: Advantages and Disadvantages 80 (1) Commencement of Business 80 (1) Raising Business Finance - Generally 81 (1) Raising Business finance - Securities 82 (1) Charges 82 (2) Guarantees 84 (1) Mortgages 85 (2) Mortgages of Personal property 87 (1) Mortgages of Choses in action 88 (1) Liability of the Proprietors 88 (1) Continuity 89 (1) Publicity and External Control of the undertaking 90 (2) Taxation and National Insurance 92 (4) Planning 96 (2) Self-Test Questions/Activities 98 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 99 (1) Website references 99 (2) Non-Corporate Organisations-Sole Traders and Partnerships 101 (52) Learning Objectives 101 (1) The Sole Trader 101 (1) Formation of the Business 101 (2) Dissolution 103 (1) Debt Recovery 103 (2) Bankruptcy procedure - generally 105 (1) The Petition 106 (1) Schemes of Arrangement Under the Deeds of Arrangement Act 1914 106 (1) The Interim Order and Voluntary Arrangement under the Insolvency Act 1986 107 (1) The Effect of a Bankruptcy order - generally 108 (1) Committee of Creditors 109 (1) The Public Examination 110 (1) The Family Home 110 (1) Proof of Debt 111 (1) Mutual dealings - Set off 111 (1) Carrying on the Business and Disclaimer 111 (1) Transactions at an Undervalue and Preferences 111 (2) Payment of the Creditors - Preferential payments 113 (1) Protection of Employees 113 (1) Trade Creditors 114 (1) Deferred Creditors 114 (1) Discharge of the Bankrupt 114 (1) The Ordinary Partnership 115 (1) Definition and Nature of a Partnership 115 (3) The Sharing of Profits as evidence of Partnership 118 (1) Types of Partners 119 (2) Membership of the Firm 121 (1) The Firm and the Firm name 122 (1) The Relationship Between Partners and Outsiders 123 (1) Partners' Powers 123 (3) Liability of Incoming and Outgoing Partners 126 (2) Relationship of Partners Within the Partnership 128 (5) Dissolution 133 (5) Ordinary Limited Partnerships 138 (1) Limited Liability Partnerships 139 (4) Reform: A Partnership With Legal Personality 143 (2) Model Form of Ordinary (or Unlimited) Partnership Deed 145 (5) Self-Test Questions/Activities 150 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 151 (1) Website References 152 (1) Companies 153 (60) Learning Objectives 153 (1) Types of Registered Companies 153 (1) Public and Private Companies 154 (1) Formation 155 (1) Pre-Incorporation Contracts 156 (2) The Company's Constitution 158 (6) Articles of Association 164 (4) Financing the Company 168 (5) The Issue of Shares and Debentures 173 (1) Procedures for Issuing Shares to the Public 174 (1) Regulation of the Securities Market and of Admission to it 175 (1) Offers of Unlisted Securities 176 (1) The Remedy of Rescission 177 (1) Membership 177 (2) Meetings, Resolutions and Annual Return 179 (4) Protection of Minority Interests 183 (2) Directors and Secretary 185 (8) Powers of Directors 193 (3) Company Insolvency and Corporate Rescue 196 (1) Liquidation 197 (3) Alternatives to Liquidation: Company Rescue Procedures 200 (1) Administration 201 (6) Self-test Questions/Activities 207 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 208 (1) Website References 208 (5) PART 3 BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Introduction to the Law of Contract 213 (60) Learning Objectives 213 (1) Business Contracting - generally 213 (1) Nature of a Contract 214 (1) Types of Contract 214 (1) Essentials of a Valid Contract 215 (24) Genuineness of Consent 239 (1) Mistake 239 (4) Misrepresentation 243 (3) Rescission 246 (2) Duress and Undue Influence Legality 248 (3) Competition Policy 251 (6) Discharge of Contracts 257 (4) Remedies 261 (6) Limitation of Actions 267 (1) Self-Test Questions/Activities 268 (3) Specimen Examination Questions 271 (1) Website References 272 (1) Types of Business Contract 273 (14) Learning Objectives 273 (1) Contracts for the Supply of Goods 273 (2) Contracts of Bailment 275 (1) Employment Contracts 275 (1) Contracts of Agency 275 (4) Contracts Concerning Land 279 (1) Contracts form Financial Services 279 (1) Standard form Contracts 280 (4) Self-test Questions/Activities 284 (1) Specimen Emamination Questions 284 (1) Website References 285 (2) The Terms of Business Contracts 287 (22) Learning Objectives 287 (1) Certainty of Terms 287 (2) Puffs, Representations and Terms 289 (1) Types of Contractual Terms 290 (1) Express and implied Terms 291 (2) Exemption Clauses-the Law 293 (5) Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 298 (5) Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 303 (2) Reform 305 (1) Fair Trading Act 1973 306 (1) Self-test Questions/Activities 306 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 307 (1) Website References 308 (1) Contracts for the Supply of Goods and Services 309 (30) Learning Objectives 309 (1) Sale of Goods 310 (1) Definition 310 (1) Formation 310 (1) The Implied Terms 310 (6) Transfer of Property in the Goods 316 (3) Sale by a Person Who is not the Owner 319 (3) Reform of the Law Relating to Transfer of Title Contained in SS 21-26 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 322 (1) Performance of the Contract 323 (3) Remedies 326 (3) Supply of Goods and Services 329 (1) Implied Terms in Contracts for the Supply of Goods (Part I) 330 (1) Implied Terms in Contracts for the Supply of Services (Part II) 331 (1) Manufacturer's Liability in Contract 332 (3) Reform and Guarantees 335 (1) Self-test Questions/Activities 335 (2) Specimen Examination Questions 337 (1) Website References 337 (2) Business and the Law of Tort 339 (26) Learning Objectives 339 (1) Tortious Liability 339 (1) Basis of Tortious Liability 339 (1) Proof of Damage 340 (1) Causation 340 (1) Defences 341 (3) Remedies 344 (1) Limitation of Actions 344 (1) Specific Torts Relevant to Business 345 (2) Defective Goods 347 (5) Defective Services - generally 352 (2) Lawyers 354 (1) Accountants and Auditors 354 (2) Valuers and Surveyors 356 (1) Other torts Relevant to Business 357 (2) Rule in Rylands v Fletcher 359 (3) Self-test Questions/Activities 362 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 362 (1) Website References 363 (2) Criminal Liability in Business 365 (26) Learning Objectives 365 (1) Criminal Law and the Supplier of Goods and Services 365 (1) Misdescription of Goods and Services 366 (4) Reform of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 370 (1) Misleading Price Indications 371 (2) Product Safety 373 (3) Safety and Quality of Food 376 (2) Other Criminal Liability for the Supply of Goods and Services 378 (1) Criminal Liability - generally 378 (1) Other Crimes Relevant to Business 379 (5) Stock Exchange Frands 384 (4) Self-Test Questions/Activities 388 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 389 (1) Website References 390 (1) Credit 391 (22) Learning Objectives 391 (1) Types of Credit 392 (7) Consumer Credit Act 1974 399 (12) Agreements Covered by the Act 400 (2) Licensing of Credit and Hire Businesses 402 (1) Seeking Business 403 (1) Signing Credit or Hire Agreements 404 (1) Cancellation 405 (1) Credit Reference Agencies 405 (1) Liability of the Supplier and Creditor 406 (2) Termination and Default 408 (3) Self-test Questions/Activities 411 (1) Specimen Examination Questions 412 (1) Website References 412 (1) Consumer Protection 413 (22) Learning Objectives 413 (1) Who is a Consumer? …"