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Theory: The Foundation of Social Work<br/>1 (18)<br/>Defining Human Behavior in the Social Environment<br/>2 (12)<br/>Knowledge, Theories, and Social Work<br/>3 (1)<br/>Use of Theories and Empirical Knowledge in Social Work<br/>4 (1)<br/>The Debate over Theory in Social Work<br/>5 (3)<br/>What It Means to Be Eclectic<br/>8 (1)<br/>The Single Theory Argument<br/>9 (1)<br/>The Argument for Eclecticism<br/>10 (1)<br/>Evaluating the Quality of Knowledge and Theory<br/>11 (3)<br/>Relating Knowledge of Human Behavior to Other Social Work Content Areas<br/>14 (1)<br/>Using This Book to Think about Human Development and Social Work Practice<br/>15 (1)<br/>Conclusion<br/>16 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>17 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>17 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>18 (1)<br/>Lenses for Conceptualizing Problems and Interventions: The Person in the Environment<br/>19 (30)<br/>Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Levels of Conceptualization<br/>20 (6)<br/>Applying the Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Levels of Conceptualization<br/>21 (4)<br/>Critiquing the Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Levels of Conceptualization<br/>25 (1)<br/>The Biopsychosocial Approach<br/>26 (3)<br/>Applying the Biopsychosocial Approach<br/>27 (1)<br/>Critiquing the Biopsychosocial Approach<br/>28 (1)<br/>Systems Theory<br/>29 (6)<br/>Applying Systems Theory<br/>32 (1)<br/>Family Subsystems and Boundaries<br/>32 (1)<br/>Roles and Homeostasis<br/>33 (1)<br/>Input and Output<br/>33 (1)<br/>Entropy<br/>34 (1)<br/>Critiquing Systems Theory<br/>34 (1)<br/>Ecological Theory<br/>35 (7)<br/>Applying Ecological Theory<br/>39 (1)<br/>Critiquing Ecological Theory<br/>40 (1)<br/>Combining Ecological and Systems Theories: An Ecosystems Approach<br/>41 (1)<br/>The Strengths Perspective<br/>42 (4)<br/>Applying the Strengths Perspective<br/>44 (1)<br/>Critiquing the Strengths Perspective<br/>45 (1)<br/>Conclusion<br/>46 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>46 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>47 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>48 (1)<br/>Lenses for Conceptualizing Problems and Interventions: Biopsychosocial Dimensions<br/>49 (31)<br/>The Disease Model<br/>50 (6)<br/>The Medical Model<br/>50 (1)<br/>Applying the Medical Model<br/>51 (4)<br/>Critiquing the Medical Model<br/>55 (1)<br/>Theories of Cognitive Development<br/>56 (4)<br/>Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development<br/>56 (2)<br/>Applying Piaget's Theory<br/>58 (1)<br/>Critiquing Piaget's Theory<br/>59 (1)<br/>Psychodynamic Theories<br/>60 (9)<br/>Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development<br/>60 (3)<br/>Applying Freudian Theory<br/>63 (1)<br/>Critiquing Freudian Theory<br/>64 (1)<br/>Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development<br/>65 (2)<br/>Applying Erikson's Theory<br/>67 (1)<br/>Critiquing Erikson's Theory<br/>68 (1)<br/>Behavioral and Learning Theories<br/>69 (5)<br/>Classical Conditioning<br/>69 (1)<br/>Operant Conditioning<br/>70 (1)<br/>Social Learning Theory<br/>71 (1)<br/>Applying Learning Theory<br/>72 (1)<br/>Critiquing Learning Theory<br/>73 (1)<br/>Humanistic and Existential Perspectives<br/>74 (3)<br/>Person-Centered Therapy and Transactional Analysis<br/>75 (1)<br/>Applying and Critiquing Humanistic and Existential Perspectives<br/>76 (1)<br/>Conclusion<br/>77 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>77 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>78 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>79 (1)<br/>Lenses for Conceptualizing Problems and Interventions: Sociocultural Dimensions<br/>80 (29)<br/>Sociological Theories<br/>81 (17)<br/>Conflict Theory<br/>81 (1)<br/>Marx and Conflict Theory<br/>81 (3)<br/>Conflict Theories since Marx<br/>84 (1)<br/>Applying Conflict Theory<br/>85 (1)<br/>The Family<br/>86 (1)<br/>Health Care<br/>86 (1)<br/>Conflict Theory and Social Work<br/>87 (1)<br/>Aisha's Case Revisited<br/>88 (1)<br/>Critiquing Conflict Theory<br/>89 (1)<br/>Functionalist Theory<br/>90 (1)<br/>Manifest Functions, Latent Functions, and Dysfunctions<br/>90 (1)<br/>Functionalist Theorists: Durkheim and Parsons<br/>91 (1)<br/>Applying Functionalist Theory<br/>91 (1)<br/>Education and Language<br/>91 (1)<br/>Functionalist Theory and Social Work<br/>92 (1)<br/>Aisha's Case Revisited<br/>92 (1)<br/>Critiquing Functionalist Theory<br/>93 (1)<br/>Symbolic Interaction Theory and Social Constructionism<br/>94 (2)<br/>George Herbert Mead<br/>96 (1)<br/>Erving Goffman<br/>96 (1)<br/>Applying Symbolic Interaction Theory<br/>97 (1)<br/>Body Piercing<br/>97 (1)<br/>Aisha's Case Revisited<br/>97 (1)<br/>Critiquing Symbolic Interaction Theory<br/>97 (1)<br/>Feminist Theory<br/>98 (4)<br/>Branches of Feminist Theory<br/>99 (2)<br/>Applying and Critiquing Feminist Theory<br/>101 (1)<br/>Cultural Perspectives<br/>102 (5)<br/>Defining Culture<br/>103 (1)<br/>Cultural Perspectives and Social Work<br/>104 (1)<br/>Applying and Critiquing Cultural Perspectives<br/>105 (2)<br/>Conclusion<br/>107 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>107 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>108 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>108 (1)<br/>Lenses for Conceptualizing Problems and Interventions: Social Change Dimensions<br/>109 (26)<br/>Theories of Racism, Discrimination, and Oppression<br/>110 (10)<br/>Racism<br/>111 (4)<br/>Discrimination and Prejudice<br/>115 (1)<br/>Theories of Prejudice<br/>116 (1)<br/>Prejudice and Social Work<br/>117 (1)<br/>Oppression<br/>118 (1)<br/>Applying Theories of Racism, Discrimination, and Oppression<br/>118 (1)<br/>Critiquing Theories of Racism, Discrimination, and Oppression<br/>119 (1)<br/>Social and Economic Justice Perspectives<br/>120 (3)<br/>Applying Social and Economic Justice Perspectives<br/>122 (1)<br/>Critiquing Social and Economic Justice Perspectives<br/>123 (1)<br/>Social Change and Social Action Perspectives<br/>123 (4)<br/>Contemporary Social Action Perspectives<br/>125 (1)<br/>Applying Social Change and Social Action Perspectives<br/>126 (1)<br/>Critiquing Social Change and Social Action Perspectives<br/>127 (1)<br/>Community Organization Theory<br/>127 (5)<br/>How Social Work Defines and Perceives Community<br/>128 (1)<br/>Community and Social Work Practice<br/>129 (2)<br/>Applying and Critiquing Community Organization Theory<br/>131 (1)<br/>Conclusion<br/>132 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>133 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>134 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>134 (1)<br/>Pre-Pregnancy and Prenatal Issues<br/>135 (30)<br/>Developmental Milestones in the Fetus<br/>136 (4)<br/>Growth Processes from Conception through Birth<br/>136 (2)<br/>Low Birth Weight<br/>138 (2)<br/>Pregnancy, Birth, and the Individual<br/>140 (8)<br/>Planned and Unplanned Pregnancy<br/>140 (1)<br/>Pregnancy in Later Life<br/>141 (1)<br/>Fertility Issues<br/>142 (1)<br/>Parents' Biological, Psychological, and Emotional Health<br/>142 (1)<br/>Hazards to Fetal Development<br/>143 (1)<br/>Birth Defects<br/>144 (1)<br/>Alcohol and Drugs<br/>145 (1)<br/>Rh Incompatibility<br/>146 (1)<br/>Environmental Toxins<br/>146 (1)<br/>Paternal Age<br/>146 (1)<br/>Maternal Diseases<br/>146 (1)<br/>Genetic Disorders<br/>147 (1)<br/>Pregnancy, Birth, and the Family and Immediate Environment<br/>148 (8)<br/>Access to Health Care<br/>149 (1)<br/>The Relationship between the Birth Mother and Her Care Providers<br/>150 (1)<br/>Control over the Childbirth Environment<br/>150 (1)<br/>Episiotomies<br/>151 (1)<br/>C-Sections<br/>151 (1)<br/>Breastfeeding<br/>152 (1)<br/>Doulas and Midwives<br/>152 (1)<br/>Birthing Classes<br/>153 (1)<br/>Adoption<br/>153 (2)<br/>Workplace Policies<br/>155 (1)<br/>Pregnancy, Birth, and the Larger Social Environment<br/>156 (6)<br/>Effects of Poverty on Pregnancy and Birth<br/>156 (1)<br/>Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Model<br/>156 (2)<br/>Poverty, Pregnancy, and the Hierarchy of Needs<br/>158 (1)<br/>Social Policies Related to Pregnancy and Birth<br/>159 (1)<br/>Medical Leave Laws<br/>159 (1)<br/>International Family Planning<br/>159 (2)<br/>Environmental Issues Related to Pregnancy and Birth<br/>161 (1)<br/>Conclusion<br/>162 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>162 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>163 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>164 (1)<br/>Development in Infancy and Early Childhood<br/>165 (29)<br/>Developmental Milestones in Infants and Young Children<br/>165 (7)<br/>Language Acquisition<br/>166 (1)<br/>Biological vs. Behavioral Perspectives on Language Development<br/>167 (1)<br/>Balancing the Biological and Behavioral Perspectives<br/>168 (1)<br/>Emotional Development<br/>169 (1)<br/>Motor Development<br/>170 (2)<br/>The Individual in Infancy and Early Childhood<br/>172 (5)<br/>Attachment<br/>172 (1)<br/>Secure Attachments: The Debates<br/>173 (1)<br/>Insecure Attachments: The Causes<br/>174 (1)<br/>Temperament<br/>174 (2)<br/>Other Considerations in Individual Development<br/>176 (1)<br/>The Family and Immediate Environment in Infancy and Early Childhood<br/>177 (8)<br/>Parenting<br/>178 (1)<br/>Grandparenting<br/>179 (2)<br/>Siblings<br/>181 (1)<br/>Personality Traits and Birth Order<br/>181 (1)<br/>Family Size<br/>182 (1)<br/>Day Care<br/>182 (2)<br/>Child Abuse and Neglect<br/>184 (1)<br/>The Larger Social Environment in Infancy and Early Childhood<br/>185 (6)<br/>Child Protection<br/>186 (1)<br/>Permanency Planning: Foster Care, Adoption, and Family Support<br/>187 (1)<br/>Health Care<br/>188 (1)<br/>Educational Policy: Head Start<br/>189 (1)<br/>Head Start: Current Debates<br/>189 (1)<br/>Educational Policy from an Ecological Perspective<br/>190 (1)<br/>Conclusion<br/>191 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>191 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>192 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>193 (1)<br/>Development in Middle Childhood<br/>194 (26)<br/>Developmental Milestones in Older Children<br/>194 (3)<br/>The Individual in Middle Childhood<br/>197 (6)<br/>Intelligence and Intelligence Testing<br/>197 (2)<br/>Standardized Intelligence Tests<br/>199 (1)<br/>Critiques of Standardized Intelligence Tests<br/>199 (1)<br/>Learning Disabilities<br/>200 (1)<br/>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder<br/>201 (2)<br/>The Family and Immediate Environment in Middle Childhood<br/>203 (9)<br/>Peer Groups in Middle Childhood<br/>203 (1)<br/>Play<br/>204 (2)<br/>Parental Discipline<br/>206 (1)<br/>Discipline in Middle Childhood<br/>206 (1)<br/>The Debate over Physical Punishment<br/>207 (1)<br/>Separation, Divorce, and Alternative Family Lifestyles<br/>208 (1)<br/>Stepfamilies and Blended Families<br/>209 (1)<br/>Gay and Lesbian Parents<br/>210 (2)<br/>The Larger Social Environment in Middle Childhood<br/>212 (4)<br/>The Mass Media<br/>212 (1)<br/>The Mass Media and Violence<br/>212 (1)<br/>The Mass Media and Physical Inactivity<br/>213 (1)<br/>The Educational Context<br/>214 (1)<br/>Special Education and the Least Restrictive Environment<br/>214 (1)<br/>School Vouchers<br/>215 (1)<br/>Conclusion<br/>216 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>217 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>218 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>218 (2)<br/>Development in Adolescence<br/>220 (35)<br/>Developmental Milestones in the Teen Years<br/>221 (6)<br/>Physical Development<br/>221 (1)<br/>Cognitive Development<br/>222 (2)<br/>Theories of Moral Development<br/>224 (1)<br/>Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development<br/>224 (1)<br/>Gilligan's Theory of Moral Development<br/>225 (2)<br/>The Individual in Adolescence<br/>227 (16)<br/>Early and Late Maturation<br/>227 (1)<br/>Self-Esteem<br/>228 (2)<br/>Eating Disorders<br/>230 (1)<br/>Anorexia Nervosa<br/>230 (1)<br/>Bulimia Nervosa<br/>230 (2)<br/>Sexuality and Sexual Identity Development<br/>232 (1)<br/>Sexual Development in Heterosexual Teens<br/>233 (1)<br/>Sexual Development in Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Teens<br/>234 (2)<br/>STDs, HIV, and AIDS<br/>236 (2)<br/>Substance Abuse<br/>238 (1)<br/>Factors Associated with Substance Abuse<br/>239 (1)<br/>Research with Teens: An Ethical Dilemma<br/>240 (1)<br/>Suicide<br/>241 (2)<br/>The Family and Immediate Environment in Adolescence<br/>243 (2)<br/>Peer Groups in Adolescence<br/>243 (1)<br/>Teen Pregnancy<br/>244 (1)<br/>The Larger Social Environment in Adolescence<br/>245 (7)<br/>Runaway and Homeless Teens<br/>245 (2)<br/>Deviance, Crime, and Violence<br/>247 (1)<br/>Sex Education<br/>248 (1)<br/>The Debate over Sex Education<br/>248 (1)<br/>A Critique of Sex Education<br/>249 (1)<br/>Heterosexism and Homophobia<br/>250 (2)<br/>Conclusion<br/>252 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>252 (2)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>254 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>254 (1)<br/>Development in Early Adulthood<br/>255 (28)<br/>Developmental Milestones in Young Adults<br/>256 (1)<br/>The Individual in Early Adulthood<br/>257 (7)<br/>Mental Illness<br/>257 (1)<br/>Schizophrenia: Possible Causes<br/>257 (1)<br/>Mental Illness and Social Work Strategies<br/>258 (2)<br/>Disability<br/>260 (1)<br/>Spirituality<br/>261 (1)<br/>Fowler's Theory of Faith Development<br/>262 (2)<br/>Incorporating Spirituality into Social Work Practice<br/>264 (1)<br/>The Family and Immediate Environment in Early Adulthood<br/>264 (4)<br/>Domestic Violence<br/>264 (1)<br/>Theories of Domestic Violence<br/>265 (1)<br/>Domestic Violence and Social Work<br/>266 (1)<br/>Lifestyle Choices<br/>267 (1)<br/>The Larger Social Environment in Early Adulthood<br/>268 (11)<br/>Sexism<br/>269 (1)<br/>Sexism in the Workforce<br/>269 (2)<br/>Sources and Theories of Sexism<br/>271 (2)<br/>Sexual Harassment<br/>273 (1)<br/>Sexual Harassment and Popular Culture<br/>273 (1)<br/>Strategies to Prevent Sexual Harassment<br/>274 (1)<br/>Civil Rights Laws and Affirmative Action<br/>275 (1)<br/>The Affirmative Action Debate<br/>276 (1)<br/>Theoretical Bases of Affirmative Action<br/>277 (1)<br/>Affirmative Action and Social Work<br/>278 (1)<br/>Higher Education<br/>278 (1)<br/>Conclusion<br/>279 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>280 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>281 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>281 (2)<br/>Development in Middle Adulthood<br/>283 (26)<br/>Developmental Milestones in Middle Age<br/>284 (4)<br/>Physical and Cognitive Developments in Middle Adulthood<br/>284 (2)<br/>Levinson's Theory of Adult Development<br/>286 (2)<br/>The Individual in Middle Adulthood<br/>288 (6)<br/>Menopause<br/>288 (1)<br/>Reactions to Menopause: The Psychological Dimension<br/>289 (1)<br/>Reactions to Menopause: The Cultural Dimension<br/>289 (1)<br/>Carmen's Case Revisited<br/>290 (1)<br/>The Male Climacteric<br/>291 (1)<br/>Midlife Crisis<br/>291 (2)<br/>Chronic Illness and Disease<br/>293 (1)<br/>The Family and Immediate Environment in Middle Adulthood<br/>294 (10)<br/>Marriage and Love<br/>294 (1)<br/>Reasons for Marriage<br/>295 (1)<br/>Sternberg's Theory of Love<br/>296 (2)<br/>Divorce<br/>298 (1)<br/>Remarriage and Other Familial Patterns<br/>298 (1)<br/>Adult Children and the Empty Nest Syndrome<br/>299 (1)<br/>Other Familial Patterns<br/>299 (1)<br/>Social Work with Families<br/>300 (1)<br/>Carmen's Case Revisited<br/>301 (1)<br/>Retirement<br/>301 (1)<br/>Planning for Retirement<br/>302 (1)<br/>Theoretical Perspectives on Retirement<br/>303 (1)<br/>Retirement and Carmen's Case<br/>303 (1)<br/>The Larger Social Environment in Middle Adulthood: Ageism<br/>304 (2)<br/>Conclusion<br/>306 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>306 (1)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>307 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>308 (1)<br/>Development in Late Adulthood<br/>309 <br/>Developmental Milestones in Older Adults<br/>310 (10)<br/>Physical Changes in Late Adulthood<br/>310 (1)<br/>Osteoporosis<br/>311 (1)<br/>Loss of Muscle Mass<br/>312 (1)<br/>Arthritis<br/>312 (1)<br/>Changes in Appearance<br/>313 (1)<br/>Hearing-Related Problems<br/>313 (1)<br/>Vision-Related Problems<br/>314 (1)<br/>Reaction Time and Coordination<br/>315 (1)<br/>Social Workers and the Physical Changes of Late Adulthood<br/>315 (1)<br/>Psychological Changes<br/>316 (1)<br/>Dementia in Late Adulthood<br/>316 (1)<br/>Personality and Aging<br/>317 (1)<br/>Depression and Suicide in Late Adulthood<br/>318 (2)<br/>Social Workers and the Psychological Changes of Late Adulthood<br/>320 (1)<br/>The Individual in Late Adulthood<br/>320 (8)<br/>Psychosocial Theories of Aging<br/>320 (1)<br/>Disengagement Theory<br/>320 (1)<br/>Activity Theory<br/>321 (1)<br/>Continuity Theory<br/>322 (1)<br/>Aging Well<br/>322 (1)<br/>Judy's Case Revisited<br/>322 (1)<br/>Spirituality and Aging<br/>323 (1)<br/>Sexuality in Late Adulthood<br/>324 (1)<br/>Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Older Adults<br/>325 (1)<br/>Grief and Loss<br/>326 (2)<br/>The Family and Immediate Environment in Late Adulthood<br/>328 (5)<br/>Grandparenting Issues in Late Adulthood<br/>328 (2)<br/>Older Adults and Their Caregivers<br/>330 (1)<br/>Effects of Caregiving on Caregivers<br/>330 (1)<br/>Caregiving and Social Work<br/>331 (1)<br/>Elder Abuse and Neglect<br/>332 (1)<br/>The Larger Social Environment in Late Adulthood<br/>333 (11)<br/>Long-Term and Alternative Care<br/>333 (2)<br/>Managed Care and LTC Insurance<br/>335 (1)<br/>Housing Options<br/>335 (1)<br/>Judy's Case Revisited<br/>336 (1)<br/>Poverty and Older Adults<br/>337 (1)<br/>Policies Linked to Services for Older Adults<br/>338 (1)<br/>Social Security<br/>338 (1)<br/>Older Americans Act<br/>338 (3)<br/>Medicare<br/>341 (1)<br/>Medicaid<br/>342 (1)<br/>End-of-Life Considerations<br/>342 (2)<br/>Conclusion<br/>344 (1)<br/>Main Points<br/>344 (2)<br/>Exercises: Practicing Social Work<br/>346 (1)<br/>Exercises: The Social Work Library<br/>346 <br/>References 1 (1)<br/>Credits 1 (1)<br/>Glossary/Index 1 |
